| 1. |
- Wittich, Walter, et al.
(författare)
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Device abandonment in deafblindness : a scoping review of the intersection of functionality and usability through the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health lens
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2044-6055. ; 11:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Abandonment of vision, hearing or mobility aids suggests common barriers and facilitators to ongoing device use. However, the possible interactive effects of combined hearing and vision disabilities on device use by those living with deafblindness are unclear. Here we summarise existing knowledge on variables influencing assistive technology use from the perspective of persons living with deafblindness. We used the WHO's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework to contextualise the findings, asking 'What is currently known about variables influencing the (non-)use of assistive devices recommended for persons with deafblindness?'DESIGN: A scoping review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews Checklist.DATA SOURCES: PubMed; ProQuest: ERIC; ProQuest Dissertation; ProQuest: Sociological Thesaurus; Web of Science; Scientific Electronic Library Online; Bielefeld Academic Search Engine; Pascal & Francis; APA PsycINFO and Ebsco for CINAHL were searched through 9 November 2020.ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: We included peer-reviewed studies that reported on assistive technology, device abandonment/utilisation and provided data from persons living with deafblindness.DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Four team members independently scored 83 studies for eligibility.RESULTS: Ten articles were chosen for data extraction. The emerging variables replicated established categories of barriers and facilitators: personal, device-related, environmental and intervention variables. The use of the ICF highlighted how an intermediate variable (eg, device acceptability) was necessary in order for a variable to become a barrier or a facilitator to device use.CONCLUSIONS: The variables influencing device use by persons with deafblindness followed the same categories described for single impairments. Usability was challenged in devices that rely on the 'other' sense. Haptic and tactile aids are rarely studied. The limited available information and the dire need for assistive technologies for people with deafblindness emphasises the urgency of research and technology development for this marginalised population.
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| 2. |
- Malmberg, Stefan, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Acute sore throat and Fusobacterium necrophorum in primary healthcare: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMJ open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 11:6
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The main objective of this review was to describe and quantify the association between Fusobacterium necrophorum (FN) and acute sore throat in primary healthcare (PHC).In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched Scopus and PubMed for case-control studies reporting the prevalence of FN in patients attending primary care for an uncomplicated acute sore throat as well as in healthy controls. Only studies published in English were considered. Publications were not included if they were case studies, or if they included patients prescribed antibiotics before the throat swab, patients with a concurrent malignant disease, on immunosuppression, having an HIV infection, or patients having another acute infection in addition to a sore throat. Inclusion criteria and methods were specified in advance and published in PROSPERO. The primary outcome was positive etiologic predictive value (P-EPV), quantifying the probability for an association between acute sore throat and findings of FN in the pharynx. For comparison, our secondary outcome was the corresponding P-EPV for group A Streptococcus (GAS).PubMed and Scopus yielded 258 and 232 studies, respectively. Removing duplicates and screening the abstracts resulted in 53 studies subsequently read in full text. For the four studies of medium to high quality included in the meta-analysis, the cumulative P-EPV regarding FN was 64% (95% CI 33% to 83%). GAS, based on data from the same publications and patients, yielded a positive EPV of 93% (95% CI 83% to 99%).The results indicate that FN may play a role in PHC patients with an acute sore throat, but the association is much weaker compared with GAS.
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| 3. |
- Granberg, Sarah, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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The ICF Core Sets for hearing loss - researcher perspective. Part I : Systematic review of outcome measures identified in audiological research
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Journal of Audiology. - London, UK : Informa Healthcare. - 1499-2027 .- 1708-8186. ; 53:2, s. 65-76
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To review the literature in order to identify outcome measures used in research on adults with hearing loss (HL) as part of the ICF Core Sets development project, and to describe study and population characteristics of the reviewed studies.Design: A systematic review methodology was applied using multiple databases. A comprehensive search was conducted and two search pools were created, pool I and pool II.Study sample: The study population included adults (>= 18 years of age) with HL and oral language as the primary mode of communication.Results: 122 studies were included. Outcome measures were distinguished by 'instrument type', and 10 types were identified. In total, 246 (pool I) and 122 (pool II) different measures were identified, and only approximately 20% were extracted twice or more. Most measures were related to speech recognition. Fifty-one different questionnaires were identified. Many studies used small sample sizes, and the sex of participants was not revealed in several studies.Conclusion: The low prevalence of identified measures reflects a lack of consensus regarding the optimal outcome measures to use in audiology. Reflections and discussions are made in relation to small sample sizes and the lack of sex differentiation/descriptions within the included articles.
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| 4. |
- Granberg, Sarah, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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The ICF Core Sets for hearing loss: researcher perspective, Part II : Linking outcome measures to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF)
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Journal of Audiology. - : Informa Healthcare. - 1499-2027 .- 1708-8186. ; 53:2, s. 77-87
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To link outcome measures used in audiological research to the ICF classification and thereby describe audiological research from the ICF perspective.Design: Through a peer-reviewed or a joint linking procedure, link outcome measures to the ICF classification system using standardized ICF linking rules. Additional linking rules were developed in combination with the established rules to overcome difficulties when connecting audiological data to ICF. Absolute and relative frequencies of ICF categories were reported.Study sample: The identified outcome measures from the previous study (Part I) constituted the empirical material. Results: In total, 285 ICF categories were identified. The most prevalent categories were related to listening, hearing functions, auditory perceptions, emotions and the physical environment, such as noise and hearing aids. Categories related to communication showed lower relative frequencies, as did categories related to the social and attitudinal environment.Conclusions: Based on the linked outcome measures, communication as a research topic is subordinated to other research topics. The same conclusion can be drawn for research targeting the social and attitudinal environment of adults with HL. Difficulties in the linking procedure were highlighted and discussed, and suggestions for future revisions of the ICF from the audiological perspective were described.
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| 5. |
- Stading, Mats, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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A Device that Models Human Swallowing
- 2019
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Ingår i: Dysphagia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0179-051X .- 1432-0460. ; 34:5, s. 615-626
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The pharynx is critical for correct swallowing, facilitating the transport of both air and food transport in a highly coordinated manner, and aberrant co-ordination causes swallowing disorders (dysphagia). In this work, an in vitro model of swallowing was designed to investigate the role of rheology in swallowing and for use as a pre-clinical tool for simulation of different routes to dysphagia. The model is based on the geometry of the human pharynx. Manometry is used for pressure measurements and ultrasonic analysis is performed to analyze the flow profiles and determine shear rate in the bolus, the latter being vital information largely missing in literature. In the fully automated model, bolus injection, epiglottis/nasopharynx movement, and ultrasound transducer positioning can be controlled. Simulation of closing of the airways and nasal cavity is modulated by the software, as is a clamping valve that simulates the upper esophageal sphincter. The actions can be timed and valves opened to different degrees, resembling pathologic swallowing conditions. To validate measurements of the velocity profile and manometry, continuous and bolus flow was performed. The respective velocity profiles demonstrated the accuracy and validity of the flow characterization necessary for determining bolus flow. A maximum bolus shear rate of 80 s−1 was noted for syrup-consistency fluids. Similarly, the manometry data acquired compared very well with clinical studies.
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| 6. |
- Busi, Micol, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Navigating the Usher Syndrome Genetic Landscape : An Evaluation of the Associations between Specific Genes and Quality Categories of Cochlear Implant Outcomes
- 2024
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Ingår i: Audiology Research. - : MDPI. - 2039-4330 .- 2039-4349. ; 14:2, s. 254-263
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Usher syndrome (US) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorder that involves three main features: sensorineural hearing loss, retinitis pigmentosa (RP), and vestibular impairment. With a prevalence of 4–17/100,000, it is the most common cause of deaf-blindness worldwide. Genetic research has provided crucial insights into the complexity of US. Among nine confirmed causative genes, MYO7A and USH2A are major players in US types 1 and 2, respectively, whereas CRLN1 is the sole confirmed gene associated with type 3. Variants in these genes also contribute to isolated forms of hearing loss and RP, indicating intersecting molecular pathways. While hearing loss can be adequately managed with hearing aids or cochlear implants (CIs), approved RP treatment modalities are lacking. Gene replacement and editing, antisense oligonucleotides, and small-molecule drugs hold promise for halting RP progression and restoring vision, enhancing patients’ quality of life. Massively parallel sequencing has identified gene variants (e.g., in PCDH15) that influence CI results. Accordingly, preoperative genetic examination appears valuable for predicting CI success. To explore genetic mutations in CI recipients and establish correlations between implant outcomes and involved genes, we comprehensively reviewed the literature to gather data covering a broad spectrum of CI outcomes across all known US-causative genes. Implant outcomes were categorized as excellent or very good, good, poor or fair, and very poor. Our review of 95 cochlear-implant patients with US, along with their CI outcomes, revealed the importance of presurgical genetic testing to elucidate potential challenges and provide tailored counseling to improve auditory outcomes. The multifaceted nature of US demands a comprehensive understanding and innovative interventions. Genetic insights drive therapeutic advancements, offering potential remedies for the retinal component of US. The synergy between genetics and therapeutics holds promise for individuals with US and may enhance their sensory experiences through customized interventions.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Morgan, et al.
(författare)
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Barrier-enforcing measures as treatment principle in allergic rhinitis: a systematic review
- 2014
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Ingår i: Current Medical Research and Opinion. - : Informa Healthcare. - 1473-4877 .- 0300-7995. ; 30:6, s. 1131-1137
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and objectives Barrier-enforcing measures have been suggested as treatment options for allergic rhinitis. This review identifies and describes the literature on the subject. Methods Relevant publications were searched for in the PubMed database (search entries: 'allergic rhinitis' and 'treatment'). The evaluation comprised condition (seasonal or perennial allergic rhinitis), type of intervention, duration of treatment, study design, peer review status or not, number of test subjects, type of allergen exposure, and outcome in terms of effects or not on nasal symptoms of allergic rhinitis. Results Fifteen studies were either identified in the PubMed database search or from the reference lists of identified publications. Seven were placebo-controlled, randomized, and peer-reviewed, and symptom-reducing effects were reported by all of these reports. Limitations of this review reflect that the remainder of the studies had inferior designs, particularly lack of placebo control. Conclusions Barrier-enforcing measures as achieved by nasal administrations of cellulose powder and microemulsions, respectively, have symptom-reducing effects in allergic rhinitis.
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| 9. |
- Farnebo, Lovisa, et al.
(författare)
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Early death among head and neck cancer patients
- 2016
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Ingår i: Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 1068-9508 .- 1531-6998. ; 24:2, s. 115-120
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose of reviewManagement of advanced head and neck cancer (HNC) is characterized by high mortality. Furthermore, the treatment involves significant burden to patients and high costs to healthcare systems. Recognizing the risks of early death in patients with a high probability of noncurable disease is important for each individual treatment decision-making. It is thus critical to consider the benefits and side-effects of the planned treatment in relation to the expected survival and to discuss these factors with the patient. However, only few studies have documented early death in HNC patients, that is, during the first posttreatment 6 months. We performed a systematic literature review to find the incidence of this phenomenon and to outline the probable cause.Recent findingsEarly mortality in patients with HNC can be explained either by direct effect of malignant disease, may be related to comorbidities, or secondary to the treatment. These factors act together resulting in expected or unexpected early death.SummaryThe present review provides information on the mechanisms leading to early phase mortality (<6 months) after management of HNC. It also reports the incidence of this phenomenon among Finnish and Swedish patient populations.
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| 10. |
- Granberg, Sarah, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Key findings about hearing loss in the working-life : a scoping review from a well-being perspective
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Audiology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1499-2027 .- 1708-8186. ; 60:S2, s. 60-70
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: This scoping review investigated key findings about hearing loss (HL) in the working life (WL) from a well-being perspective.DESIGN: A scoping review protocol was used to search the literature and to explore and extract key findings. A narrative analysis of key findings was used to group the data into themes. Study sample: Fifty-three articles from 29 different journals were included in the analysis.RESULTS: The narrative analysis identified three broad themes; individual aspects, work environment and work organisation. Individual aspects concerned problems that workers with HL experienced in their working lives, strategies they used to manage their working lives and different aspects of health in relation to WL. Work environment focussed on the physical, organisational and social work environment. Work organisation identified aspects related to division of labour and employment status.CONCLUSIONS: Several of the included papers revealed lots of findings but did not substantially discuss the findings from a WL perspective. HL and well-being in WL is a multidimensional phenomenon due to the interplay between the individual and the environment. This interplay is rarely discussed in the included papers. Furthermore, intersectional aspects are infrequently highlighted and need to be further explored in future research.
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