| 1. |
- Löfqvist, Anders
(författare)
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Vowel-related tongue movements in speech: Straight or curved paths? (L).
- 2011
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Ingår i: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. - : Acoustical Society of America (ASA). - 1520-8524 .- 0001-4966. ; 129:3, s. 1149-1152
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines tongue movements between the two vowels in sequences of vowel-labial consonant-vowel, addressing the question whether the movement is a straight line or a curved path. Native speakers of Japanese and Italian served as subjects. The linguistic material consisted of words where the bilabial consonant was either long or short. The inclusion of words with different consonant lengths was motivated by earlier findings that the tongue movement is often longer when the consonant is long, which may be due to a more curved movement path. Tongue movements were recorded using a three-transmitter magnetometer system. To assess the movement path, the movement magnitude was calculated in two ways, as a straight line, the Euclidean distance, and as the actual path, obtained by summing the individual Euclidean distances between successive samples from movement onset to offset. The ratio between the path and the Euclidean distance is 1 when the movement is a straight line and greater than 1 when the path is curved. Results show that in virtually all 21 cases examined the ratio was very close to 1 and in most cases 1.2 or less. There was no reliable influence of consonant length on the ratio.
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| 2. |
- Samuelsson, Christina, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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The role of Swedish tonal word accents in children with language impairment
- 2006
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Ingår i: Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0269-9206 .- 1464-5076. ; 20:4, s. 231-248
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study was designed to examine the production of the Swedish tonal accents in children with language impairment and normal controls in order to verify previous findings. The productions of 25 children with linguistic impairment and their matched controls, aged 4;4-10;0 (mean age 5;11) were evaluated by ratings of fundamental frequency patterns, and by perceptual analysis by ten linguistically naive listeners to assess the distinctiveness of the accents. These methods give a more detailed description of the children's productions of tonal word accents. The results show that 60.8% of the children with language impairment have difficulties to produce the contrast of tonal word accents according to the F(0) patterns. The difference in the rating of the F(0) curves between the children with LI and their matched controls was significant. There is a significant positive correlation between the perceptual results and the F(0)-rating, indicating that the better a child was perceived, the better his/her F(0) production was rated. We conclude that the distinction between the tonal word accents is a difficult feature to acquire for Swedish children, which is shown both by acoustic and perceptual evaluations.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Ibertsson, Tina, et al.
(författare)
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Vowel spaces in Swedish children with cochlear implants.
- 2008
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Ingår i: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. - : Acoustical Society of America (ASA). - 1520-8524 .- 0001-4966. ; 123:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study analyzed vowel productions of Swedish children with cochlear implants, capitalizing on the rich vowel system of Swedish with nine vowels. Minimal word pairs were used as linguistic material. A group of 12 children with CI (mean age 184 months, range 144-229 months), and a group of children with normal hearing (mean age 105 months, range 103-118 months) were recruited. The age at implantation of the CI was 79 months (range 31-155 months). The first two formants were measured for each vowel. To estimate the vowel space, the average Euclidean distance in the F1-F2 plane between each vowel and the mean first and second formant frequencies of all the vowels was calculated for each child. The results show a significantly smaller vowel space for the children with a cochlear implant. However, there was no overall significant correlations between the vowel space and measures of speech recognition and vowel production in the CI group. Although the present results show that speech recognition ability affects intelligibility and vowel production, the vowel space may not be a suitable measure for assessing speech production in this population. [Work supported by the Sunnderdahl Disability Foundation.].
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Lucero, J, et al.
(författare)
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Measures of articulatory variability in VCV sequences
- 2005
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Ingår i: Acoustics Research Letters Online. - : Acoustical Society of America (ASA). - 1529-7853. ; 6:2, s. 80-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Functional data analysis is used to examine articulatory variability across repetitions in normal speech, under different movement constraints. A temporal normalization technique is applied to align trajectories of lips, jaw, and tongue in vowel-consonant-vowel sequences. Next, an index of amplitude variability is computed, defined as the mean standard deviation between peak velocities of the consonantal closure by the active articulator, in each VCV sequence. The results show that articulatory variability varies as a function of both the phonetic requirements of the consonant and the biomechanical characteristics of the articulatory structures involved.
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| 7. |
- Lyberg Åhlander, Viveka, et al.
(författare)
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Speaker's Comfort in Teaching Environments: Voice Problems in Swedish Teaching Staff.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Voice. - : Elsevier BV. - 0892-1997. ; 25, s. 430-440
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of this study was to examine how a group of Swedish teachers rate aspects of their working environment that can be presumed to have an impact on vocal behavior and voice problems. The secondary objective was to explore the prevalence of voice problems in Swedish teachers. METHOD: Questionnaires were distributed to the teachers of 23 randomized schools. Teaching staff at all levels were included, except preschool teachers and teachers at specialized, vocational high schools. The response rate was 73%. RESULTS: The results showed that 13% of the whole group reported voice problems occurring sometimes, often, or always. The teachers reporting voice problems were compared with those without problems. There were significant differences among the groups for several items. The teachers with voice problems rated items on room acoustics and work environment as more noticeable. This group also reported voice symptoms, such as hoarseness, throat clearing, and voice change, to a significantly higher degree, even though teachers in both groups reported some voice symptoms. Absence from work because of voice problems was also significantly more common in the group with voice problems-35% versus 9% in the group without problems. CONCLUSION: We may conclude that teachers suffering from voice problems react stronger to loading factors in the teaching environment, report more frequent symptoms of voice discomfort, and are more often absent from work because of voice problems than their voice-healthy colleagues.
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| 8. |
- Löfqvist, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Control of oral closure in lingual stop consonant production
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. - : Acoustical Society of America (ASA). - 1520-8524 .- 0001-4966. ; 111:6, s. 2811-2827
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous work has shown that the lips are moving at a high velocity when the oral closure occurs for bilabial stop consonants, resulting in tissue compression and mechanical interactions between the lips. The present experiment recorded tongue movements in four subjects during the production of velar and alveolar stop consonants to examine kinematic events before, during, and after the stop closure. The results show that, similar to the lips, the tongue is often moving at a high velocity at the onset of closure. The tongue movements were more complex, with both horizontal and vertical components. Movement velocity at closure and release were influenced by both the preceding and the following vowel. During the period of oral closure, the tongue moved through a trajectory of usually less than I cm; again, the magnitude of the movement was context dependent. Overall, the tongue moved in forward-backward curved paths. The results are compatible with the idea that the tongue is free to move during the closure as long as an airtight seal is maintained. A new interpretation of the curved movement paths of the tongue in speech is also proposed. This interpretation is based on the principle of cost minimization that has been successfully applied in the study of hand movements in reaching.
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| 9. |
- Löfqvist, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Development of speech motor control: Lip movement variability.
- 2011
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Ingår i: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. - : Acoustical Society of America (ASA). - 1520-8524 .- 0001-4966. ; 130:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examined variability of lip movements across repetitions of the same utterance as a function of age in Swedish speakers. Subjects were 37 typically developed Swedish children and adults (19 females, 18 males, aged 5-31 yr). Lip movements were recorded during 15-20 repetitions of a short Swedish phrase using articulography, with a sampling rate of 200 Hz. After correction for head movements, the kinematic records were expressed in a maxilla-based coordinate system. Movement onset and offset of the utterance were identified using kinematic landmarks. The Euclidean distance between receivers on the upper and lower lips was calculated and subjected to functional data analysis [Ramsay etal., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 99, 3718-3727 (1996)] to assess both temporal and spatial variabilities. Results show a decrease in both indices as a function of age, with a greater reduction of amplitude variability. [Work supported by grant 349-2007-8695 from the Swedish Research Council.].
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| 10. |
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