| 1. |
- Falk Erhag, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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A Multidisciplinary Approach to Capability in Age and Ageing
- 2022
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This open access book provides insight on how to interpret capability in ageing – one’s individual ability to perform actions in order to reach goals one has reason to value – from a multidisciplinary approach. With for the first time in history there being more people in the world aged 60 years and over than there are children below the age of 5, the book describes this demographic trends as well as the large global challenges and important societal implications this will have such as a worldwide increase in the number of persons affected with dementia, and in the ratio of retired persons to those still in the labor market. Through contributions from many different research areas, it discussed how capability depends on interactions between the individual (e.g. health, genetics, personality, intellectual capacity), environment (e.g. family, friends, home, work place), and society (e.g. political decisions, ageism, historical period). The final chapter by the editors summarizes the differences and similarities in these contributions. As such this book provides an interesting read for students, teachers and researchers at different levels and from different fields interested in capability and multidisciplinary research.
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| 2. |
- Falk Erhag, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Concluding Remarks
- 2022
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Ingår i: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Capability in Age and Ageing. - Chem : Springer. - 9783030780654 ; 18:2, s. 143-144
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 3. |
- Munthe, Christian, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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The Return of Lombroso? Ethical Aspects of (Visions of) Preventive Forensic Screening
- 2015
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Ingår i: Public Health Ethics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1754-9973 .- 1754-9981. ; 8:3, s. 270-283
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The vision of legendary criminologist Cesare Lombroso to use scientific theories of individual causes of crime as a basis for screening and prevention programmes targeting individuals at risk for future criminal behaviour has resurfaced, following advances in genetics, neuroscience and psychiatric epidemiology. This article analyses this idea and maps its ethical implications from a public health ethical standpoint. Twenty-seven variants of the new Lombrosian vision of forensic screening and prevention are distinguished, and some scientific and technical limitations are noted. Some lures, biases and structural factors, making the application of the Lombrosian idea likely in spite of weak evidence are pointed out and noted as a specific type of ethical aspect. Many classic and complex ethical challenges for health screening programmes are shown to apply to the identified variants and the choice between them, albeit with peculiar and often provoking variations. These variations are shown to actualize an underlying theoretical conundrum in need of further study, pertaining to the relationship between public health ethics and the ethics and values of criminal law policy.
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| 4. |
- Jemberie, Wossenseged Birhane, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Substance Use Disorders and COVID-19 : Multi-Faceted Problems Which Require Multi-Pronged Solutions
- 2020
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychiatry. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-0640. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- COVID-19 shocked health and economic systems leaving millions of people without employment and safety nets. The pandemic disproportionately affects people with substance use disorders (SUDs) due to the collision between SUDs and COVID-19. Comorbidities and risk environments for SUDs are likely risk factors for COVID-19. The pandemic, in turn, diminishes resources that people with SUD need for their recovery and well-being. This article presents an interdisciplinary and international perspective on how COVID-19 and the related systemic shock impact on individuals with SUDs directly and indirectly. We highlight a need to understand SUDs as biopsychosocial disorders and use evidence-based policies to destigmatize SUDs. We recommend a suite of multi-sectorial actions and strategies to strengthen, modernize and complement addiction care systems which will become resilient and responsive to future systemic shocks similar to the COVID-19 pandemic.
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| 5. |
- Munthe, Christian, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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Questioning the patient in person centred care: ethical aspects: children, forensic psychiatry, and public health
- 2017
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Ingår i: Medical Argumentation and Patient Centred Care, University of Amsterdam, October 26-27, 2017..
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The paper explores the room, both conceptually and ethically, for questioning, contradicting and adapting positions to patients in three specific areas: care of patients with vulnerable cpapcities for taking responsibility (adolescents and psychiatry), contexts of constrained autonomy (forensic care), and public health (antobiotic resistance stewardship and vaccination). These areas in various ethically relevant ways exhibit non-standard settings, compared to usual assumptions about the nature of patients and institutional contexts made when person centredness and shared decision-making are held out as primarily emancipating concepts. The paper probes to what extent that ethical idea may be maintained also in such non-standard settings.
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| 6. |
- Nilsson, Thomas, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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The precarious practice of forensic psychiatric risk assessments
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0160-2527. ; 32:6, s. 400-407
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of forensic psychiatric risk assessments is discussed from a clinical point of view using the example of Sweden. A central task in forensic psychiatry has traditionally been to identify dangerous, mentally disordered subjects considered to be prone to commit violent acts. Over time, “dangerousness” has been reworded into “risk”. Nevertheless, such assessments have generally been based on the psychiatric factors characterising the individual patient, while group interaction, situational factors, or social and cultural circumstances, such as the availability of alcohol and drugs, have been largely overlooked. That risk assessments have a focused on people with a diagnosis of “mental disorder” and been used as grounds for coercive measures and integrity violations has somehow been accepted as a matter of course in the public and political debate. Even the basic question whether offenders with a mental disorder are really more prone to criminal recidivism than other offenders seems to have been treated light-handedly and dealt with merely by epidemiological comparisons between groups of persons with broad ranges of psychosocial vulnerability and the general population. Legal texts, instructions and guidelines from the authorities in charge are often vague and general, while actors in the judicial system seem to put their trust in psychiatric opinions. The exchange of professional opinions, general public expectations, and judicial decision processes poses a huge risk for misunderstandings based on divergent expectations and uses of terminology.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Munthe, Christian, 1962
(författare)
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If Forensic Psychiatry is the Science, What is its Object of Study? If it is a Branch of Medicine, What is the Disease? If it is a Specialty, What is its Topic of Expertise?
- 2015
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Ingår i: 34th International Congress on Law and Mental Health, Vienna, July 12-17, 2015.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper analyses, from a normative and taxonomical standpoint, the apparent fact that what forensic psychiatry (FP) as a science or a branch of medicine focus on is necessarily socially constructed in a specific way relating to positive law. FP busies itself with conditions which are (a) mental health problems (in itself partly socially determined) and (b) linked to criminality – especially severe criminality – in turn a concept determined by actual legal statutes in a given society. This notion of what FP ”is about" has to be held distinct from the idea of FP researching the possible causal connection between mental health factors and specific crimes of behaviour types, or that of FP employing mental health care interventions to influence the tendency of criminal or other sort of behaviour. While FP may certainly (attempt to) do these things (implying an interest in specific parts of nature, specific expertise, etc), the issue of how to characterize its generic object of study, interest or action is more profoundly conceptual in that it may inform us about what FP is and what object may or may not be properly studied or intervened upon based on FP. This, in turn, will also provide an answer to what exactly the expertise of an FP specialist is supposed to be about, as well as pertain to disputes over the proper social authority and impact of knowledge coming out of the FP area. The paper will explore and compare three distinct strategies for providing an answer to this question, which are both criticised from a normative and philosophical perspective. First, FP might try to characterise its object of interest by embracing the socio-political relativity implied by the fact that criminal law, implying that the object of FP changes with every difference between jurisdiction across countries as well as over time. This seems to imply that there is no such thing as one object of FP, no specific FP expertise, and so on and thus undermines the idea of FP as a science, specific health care speciality or expertise. Second, FP may adopt a very abstract definition of its object, possible to include all jurisdictional variations one might imagine. This, however, seems to imply a problematic boundlessness: the idea that practically any behaviour or human condition is a proper concern of FP (since any such may be criminalized in some jurisdiction). This, in turn implies normative problems both with regard to the claims about a particular FP expertise and with regard to the ethical integrity of FP as a scientific and medical field.
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