| 1. |
- Johansson, Catrin, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
-
Culture as a predictor of resistance to change : a study of competing values in a psychiatric nursing context
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Health Policy. - : Elsevier. - 0168-8510 .- 1872-6054. ; 114:2-3, s. 156-162
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is well known that a conservative organizational culture can hinder the implementation of new organizational models. Prior to introducing something new it is important to identify the culture within the organization. This paper sets out to detect the feasibility of reform in a psychiatric clinic in a Swedish hospital prior to implementation of a new working method - a structured tool based on the International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health. A survey consisting of two instruments - an organizational values questionnaire (OVQ) and a resistance to change scale (RTC) - was distributed to registered and assistant nurses at the clinic. The association between the organizational subcultures and resistance to change was investigated with regression analysis. The results revealed that the dominating cultures in the outpatient centers and hospital wards were characterized by human relation properties such as flexibility, cohesion, belongingness, and trust. The mean resistance to change was low, but the subscale of cognitive rigidity was dominant, reflecting a tendency to avoid alternative ideas and perspectives. An instrument like the one employed in the study could be a useful tool for diagnosing the likelihood of extensive and costly interventions.
|
|
| 2. |
- Täljemark, Jakob, et al.
(författare)
-
The coexistence of psychiatric and gastrointestinal problems in children with restrictive eating in a nationwide Swedish twin study
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Journal of Eating Disorders. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2050-2974. ; 5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Restrictive eating problems are rare in children but overrepresented in those with neurodevelopmental problems. Comorbidities decrease wellbeing in affected individuals but research in the area is relatively scarce. This study describes phenotypes, regarding psychiatric and gastrointestinal comorbidities, in children with restrictive eating problems. Methods: A parental telephone interview was conducted in 9- or 12-year old twins (n = 19,130) in the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden. Cases of restrictive eating problems and comorbid problems were established using the Autism, Tics-AD/HD and other Comorbidities inventory, parental reports of comorbidity as well as data from a national patient register. In restrictive eating problem cases, presence of psychiatric and gastrointestinal comorbidity was mapped individually in probands and their co-twin. Two-tailed Mann-Whitney U tests were used to test differences in the mean number of coexisting disorders between boys and girls. Odds ratios were used to compare prevalence figures between individuals with or without restrictive eating problems, and Fisher exact test was used to establish significance. Results: Prevalence of restrictive eating problems was 0.6% (concordant in 15% monozygotic and 3% of dizygotic twins). The presence of restrictive eating problems drastically increased odds of all psychiatric problems, especially autism spectrum disorder in both sexes (odds ratio = 11.9 in boys, odds ratio = 10.1 in girls), obsessive-compulsive disorder in boys (odds ratio = 11.6) and oppositional defiant disorder in girls (odds ratio = 9.22). Comorbid gastrointestinal problems, such as lactose intolerance (odds ratio = 4.43) and constipation (odds ratio = 2.91), were the most frequent in girls. Boy co-twins to a proband with restrictive eating problems generally had more psychiatric problems than girl co-twins and more girl co-twins had neither somatic nor any psychiatric problems at all. Conclusions: In children with restrictive eating problems odds of all coexisting psychiatric problems and gastrointestinal problems are significantly increased. The study shows the importance of considering comorbidities in clinical assessment of children with restrictive eating problems.
|
|
| 3. |
- Hovey, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
-
Antisocial behavior and polymorphisms in the oxytocin receptor gene: findings in two independent samples.
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Molecular psychiatry. - Stockholm : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5578 .- 1359-4184. ; 16, s. 983-988
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The quantitative genetic contribution to antisocial behavior is well established, but few, if any, genetic variants are established as risk factors. Emerging evidence suggests that the neuropeptide oxytocin (OXT) may modulate interpersonal aggression. We here investigated whether single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the OXT receptor gene (OXTR) are associated with the expression of antisocial behavior. A discovery sample, including both sexes, was drawn from the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden (CATSS; n=2372), and a sample from the Twin Study of Child and Adolescent Development (TCHAD; n=1232) was used for replication. Eight SNPs in OXTR, selected on previous associations with social and antisocial behavior, were genotyped in the participants of CATSS. Significant polymorphisms were subsequently genotyped in TCHAD for replication. Participants completed self-assessment questionnaires-Life History of Aggression (LHA; available only in CATSS), and Self-Reported Delinquency (SRD; available in both samples)-designed to capture antisocial behavior as continuous traits. In the discovery sample, the rs7632287 AA genotype was associated with higher frequency of antisocial behavior in boys, and this was then replicated in the second sample. In particular, overt aggression (directly targeting another individual) was strongly associated with this genotype in boys (P=6.2 × 10(-7) in the discovery sample). Meta-analysis of the results for antisocial behavior from both samples yielded P=2.5 × 10(-5). Furthermore, an association between rs4564970 and LHA (P=0.00013) survived correction in the discovery sample, but there was no association with the SRD in the replication sample. We conclude that the rs7632287 and rs4564970 polymorphisms in OXTR may independently influence antisocial behavior in adolescent boys. Further replication of our results will be crucial to understanding how aberrant social behavior arises, and would support the OXT receptor as one potential target in the treatment of aggressive antisocial behavior.Molecular Psychiatry advance online publication, 22 September 2015; doi:10.1038/mp.2015.144.
|
|
| 4. |
- Rosander, Michael, et al.
(författare)
-
Maternal depression symptoms during the first 21 months after giving birth
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 49:6, s. 606-615
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: The first year after childbirth involves a major transition for women, which can accentuate inadequacies and feelings of powerlessness, making them vulnerable to depression. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and frequency of maternal postpartum depressive symptoms at different times after giving birth (0-21 months).METHODS: Data were collected cross-sectionally using a web questionnaire containing the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). A total of 888 mothers with children in the age range 0-21 months responded.RESULTS: The results showed different levels of depression over the range of months included in the study. The overall prevalence using EPDS ⩾ 12 was 27.8%. There were higher levels at 9-12 months and 17-21 months. The highest levels of symptoms of depression were found at nine, 12, and 17 months after birth, and the lowest levels at two and 16 months.CONCLUSIONS: Many mothers experience symptoms of depression after giving birth that can continue well beyond the child's first year. We have identified different levels of depression at different points in time after giving birth, with highs and lows throughout the first 21 months. This highlights a need to screen for depression more than once during the first years, as well as a closer cooperation between midwives and child healthcare nurses in supporting mothers in the transition to motherhood. This is an important aspect of public health, which not only involves mothers with symptoms of depression, but also their ability to care for their child and a possible negative impact on the child's development.
|
|
| 5. |
- Stevanovic, Dejan, et al.
(författare)
-
First evidence on a general disease ("d") factor underlying psychopathology and physical illness in adolescents
- 2024
-
Ingår i: European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. - : Springer Nature. - 1018-8827 .- 1435-165X.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The coexistence of mental and physical health illnesses could be accounted for by an underlying general disease factor (termed d-factor), reflecting theoretical underpinnings based on possible genetic and pathophysiological overlapping mechanisms. This study evaluated whether the d-factor underlies mental and physical health illnesses in adolescents. A series of confirmatory factor analyses were conducted using data from 1120 adolescents. The proposed common underlying factor, we believe is the d-factor, was consistently present across different modeling approaches, including unidimensional, correlated-factor, and bifactor models. The best model fit was achieved with the bifactor model represented by mental, neurological, and psychical conditions tested. The first compelling evidence was provided supporting the existence of the transdiagnostic d-factor in youth, opening the door to innovative research of comorbid mental and physical health conditions.
|
|
| 6. |
- Kapetanovic, Sabina, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
-
Reported Changes in Adolescent Psychosocial Functioning during the COVID-19 Outbreak
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Adolescents. - : MDPI. - 2673-7051. ; :1, s. 10-20
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- What effect the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has had on adolescents’ psychosocial functioning is currently unknown. Using the data of 1767 (50.2% female and 49.8 male) adolescents in Sweden, we discuss adolescents’ thoughts and behaviors around the COVID-19 outbreak, as well as reported changes in substance use, everyday life, relations, victimization, and mental health during the outbreak. Results showed that (a) the majority of adolescents have been complying with regulations from the government; (b) although most adolescents did not report changes in their psychosocial functioning, a critical number reported more substance use, conflict with parents, less time spent with peers, and poorer control over their everyday life; and (c) the majority of adolescents have experienced less victimization, yet poorer mental health, during the COVID-19 outbreak. Adolescent girls and adolescents in distance schooling were likely to report negative changes in their psychosocial functioning during the COVID-19 outbreak. Based on these findings, we suggest that society should pay close attention to changes in adolescents’ psychosocial functioning during times of crisis.
|
|
| 7. |
- Daoud, Nihaya, et al.
(författare)
-
Sense of coherence and depressive symptoms among low-income Bedouin women in the Negev Israel
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journal of Mental Health. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0963-8237 .- 1360-0567. ; 23:6, s. 307-311
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Higher sense of coherence (SOC) has been associated with lower depression in Western societies; however, it is not clear whether this association manifests similarly in non-Western cultural contexts.Aims: To examine the associations between different levels of SOC and depressive symptoms (DS) among indigenous-minority Arab Bedouin women in Israel and explore possible explanatory variables for this association.Methods: We conducted face-to-face interviews with 464 women (aged 18–49 years). DS was measured based on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. We used the SOC-13 questionnaire and conducted path analysis using Structural Equation Modeling to examine the contribution of two levels of SOC (low/high) to predict DS beyond psychological resources and socioeconomic position.Results: The mean score of SOC was 3.42, standard deviation (SD) = 1.15. While high SOC (mean = 4.38, SD = 0.66, range = 3.5–6.38) was positively and significantly associated with DS (r = 0.46), SOC was not associated (r = 0.02) with DS in the low SOC group (mean = 2.4, SD = 0.56, range = 1–3.42).Conclusions: Relationships between high versus low SOC and DS among Bedouin women differ from those found in Western societies. This raises questions about the use of SOC as a universal tool in different cultural contexts.
|
|
| 8. |
- Lundqvist, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
-
The association between pain and psychiatric conditions in adolescents: The impact of gender and ADHD diagnosis
- 2024
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Psychiatry. - 0213-6163. ; 38:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and objectives: The relationship between pain and psychiatric conditions in children and adolescents has been understudied. This study aimed to investigate the influence of gender on the association between pain and psychiatric diagnoses, as well as the specific relationship between pain and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), in a sample of adolescents from the general population. Additionally, the study explored whether pain frequency or intensity in individuals with ADHD was influenced by coexisting psychiatric disorders and ADHD medications.Methods: This cross-sectional study included 1608 conveniently sampled Swedish upper secondary school students aged 15-19 years. Data were collected at the end of 2020 using the electronic "Mental and Somatic Health without borders" survey.Results: A significant positive association (p < 0.001) was observed between pain frequency, intensity, and the presence of any psychiatric diagnosis. Female adolescents reported more frequent and intensive pain in the groups with or without any psychiatric diagnosis and in those with ADHD, however the presence of a psychiatric diagnosis had a comparatively lesser impact on pain frequency in females when compared to males. In adolescents with ADHD, pain frequency, but not intensity, showed a significant further increase. Moreover, the presence of coexisting depression and/or anxiety further heightened the association between pain frequency and ADHD. Notably, common ADHD medications did not have a significant impact on pain experiences. Headache emerged as the most prevalent type of pain across all groups of adolescents. Back pain specifically appeared as the next most common type of pain among adolescents with ADHD.Conclusion: The findings suggest a positive association between pain and the presence of psychiatric diagnoses, including ADHD, in adolescents. Gender modified this association. Back pain arised specifically coupled to ADHD. Common ADHD medications did not show a significant impact on pain experiences in this study. These results highlight the importance of a holistic approach to child and adolescent care.(c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L.U. on behalf of Sociedad Espanola de Psiquiatria y Salud Mental. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
|
|
| 9. |
- Ozanne, Anneli, 1978, et al.
(författare)
-
Callosotomy in children - Parental experiences reported at long-term follow-up
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Epilepsy & Behavior. - : Elsevier BV. - 1525-5050 .- 1525-5069. ; 86, s. 91-97
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Callosotomy is a palliative surgery method for selected individuals with severe, drug-resistant epilepsy. The aim of this retrospective study was to explore parental experiences of the family's life situation before and long after their child had undergone callosotomy. Semistructured interviews of the parents of 12 children were analyzed using a combination of inductive and deductive qualitative content analysis. Before surgery, parents felt that they lived in a chaotic bubble with an unbearable situation; their child had severe and frequent seizures and had to be looked after constantly. Most parents were both satisfied and dissatisfied with the given support and information. However, if the child did not improve after surgery, parents often felt that the information before surgery had not been adequate. After surgery, they found a glimpse of hope. They felt that the family got a new life; the reduced seizure severity led to a better life situation for the family. The support was described as both good and poor. The family life situation was complex, and even if they were partly satisfied with the support, it was still not enough. However, the life situation was also very stressful because of remaining seizures, behavioral problems, and sometimes, adverse effects of surgery. The families lived in disappointment and difficulty and had to fight for their rights. This indicates that these families need more information and social service coordination both before and long after surgery. They need not only tools to manage the child's disabilities but also substantial help to care for the child and to receive the social support they need. (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier Inc.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
