| 1. |
- Brådvik, Louise
(författare)
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Suicide in Severe Depression: A Longitudinal Case-Control Study
- 2000
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Suicide in Severe Depression. A Longitudinal Case-Control Study. The present thesis is based on a case-control study of suicide victims with a severe depression/ melancholia. All patients admitted to the Department of Psychiatry 1956-1969 who received this diagnosis on a multiaxial schedule (1206 patients) were followed up in two sessions to 1984 and to 1998 concerning suicide and general mortality. A blind record evaluation of suicide victims with a primary depression at first follow up was performed on altogether 89 patients and 89 matched controls. Characteristics of depression did not differentiate between suicides and controls. 1. Initial ratings of heredity for psychosis or brittle/sensitive personality were related to suicide in the male group. There was a negative correlation with disharmony during childhood and physical illness in the female group. These findings indicate a vulnerability in the suicide group. 2. Suicidal ideation according to an established rating scale, the Beck’s SSI, was not related to suicide. 3. A suicide attempt was associated with an increased suicide risk in unipolar men and bipolar women. Characteristics of attempts, such as severity, method, and repetition did not discriminate between suicides and controls. However, female suicides more often started with a serious attempt, while controls showed an increase in severity. Life events were of minor importance in suicides as compared to controls. 4. Late in the course of depression (between 1984 and 1998) a sex difference appears with a higher rate in men, not seen at first follow up. 5. Controls more often received continuation treatment with antidepressants after ECT. In conclusion there was an evidence for a high degree of vulnerability in the suicide group, and a suicidal process with increasingly severe attempts could not be confirmed.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Brådvik, Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Aspects on the suicidal career in severe depression. A comparison between attempts in suicides and controls.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Archives of Suicide Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1543-6136 .- 1381-1118. ; 6:4, s. 339-349
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Suicide attempts in the long term course of illness were investigated in 89 suicides with a primary severe depression/melancholia and in matched controls. Multiaxial ratings at index admission between 1956 and 1969 enabled the selection of patients. These patients were tracked to January 1, 1984. A blind record evaluation was performed. Suicide attempts were more common among suicides than controls. General characteristics of attempts, such as severity, the use of a violent method, and repetition did not differentiate suicides from controls. Rather, there were differences in the pattern of suicide attempts. In suicides, only, re-attempts were related to number of episodes of mood disorder. Controls more often made re-attempts after a stressful life event. Serious attempts occurred early in the course of suicide attempts in female suicides, in contrast to controls. There was a correlation between the occurrence of a suicide attempt and completed suicide among male unipolar patients and female bipolar patients.
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| 4. |
- Brådvik, Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Depressive episodes with suicide attempts in severe depression: suicides and controls differ only in the later episodes of unipolar depression.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Archives of Suicide Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1543-6136 .- 1381-1118. ; 14:4, s. 363-367
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to investigate the distribution of suicide attempts across the depressive episodes in suicides and controls with a severe depression. A blind record evaluation was performed of 100 suicide victims and matched controls admitted to the Department of Psychiatry between 1956 and 1969 and monitored to 2006. There was a similar number of episodes in suicides and controls and in the early episodes a similar number of suicide attempts in both groups. However, in the later episodes future suicides showed more suicide attempts as compared to controls. This was found for unipolar depression only. This difference was found despite previously shown similar rates of adequate treatment and improvement. In conclusion, more depressive episodes including suicide attempts appeared to be related to suicide.
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| 5. |
- Brådvik, Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Heroin addicts reporting previous heroin overdoses also report suicide attempts
- 2007
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Ingår i: Suicide & Life-Threatening Behavior. - : Wiley. - 0363-0234. ; 37:4, s. 475-481
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nonfatal heroin overdoses and suicide attempts are both common among heroin addicts, but there is limited knowledge about the association between them. The sample in the present study consisted of 149 regular heroin users in Malmo, Sweden. Out of these 98 had taken an unintentional heroin overdose at some time and 51 had made at least one attempt to commit suicide (but not using heroin). Suicide attempts were significantly more common among those who had taken unintentional overdoses as compared with those who had never taken any overdose (p < 0.01). The more overdoses, the greater the risk of suicide attempt.
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| 6. |
- Brådvik, Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term treatment and suicidal behavior in severe depression: ECT and antidepressant pharmacotherapy may have different effects on the occurrence and seriousness of suicide attempts.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Depression and Anxiety. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1091-4269 .- 1520-6394. ; 23:Nov 28, s. 34-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our objective in this article is to assess the relation between long-term treatments of depressive episodes and attempted or completed suicide in patients who had had a severe depression at index admission. A blind record evaluation of 96 suicides with a primary severe depression and matched controls has been performed. Out of those, 57 and 33, respectively, bad made suicide attempts. Occurrence of attempt was less common after electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). However, seriousness of suicide attempt appeared to be reduced in those with at least 4 weeks of antidepressant medication compared to no treatment and ECT The theory of a suicidal syndrome independent of depression seems supported. Continuation treatment after ECT is recommended.
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| 7. |
- Brådvik, Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Self-reported and observed heroin overdoses in Malmoe
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Substance Use. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1465-9891 .- 1475-9942. ; 12:2, s. 119-126
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Object: The aim of the present study was to investigate the pattern of non-fatal heroin overdoses for men and women in Sweden, a country with late onset of heroin use. Material: Subjects were recruited through the Syringe Programme and the Addiction Centre in Malmoe. A total of 149 subjects were interviewed, 108 men and 41 women. They were asked about their social situation, experienced and observed overdoses and circumstances around them. Results: Overdoses were very common; 74% of the subjects had experienced at least one overdose. Almost all, 96%, had observed at least one overdose in others and 32% had witnessed a fatal overdose. Actions taken were often insufficient. A combination with other drugs, mainly benzodiazepine and alcohol and/or a lowered tolerance for heroin after visits in institutions contributed to the overdose in a majority of the cases. Men and women differed in that men used concomitant drugs more often and women more often took heroin alone. Conclusion: Self-reported and observed non-fatal heroin overdoses were more common than expected. Contributing factors were found in the majority of the cases. Pure overdoses were more common in women.
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| 8. |
- Håkansson, Anders C, et al.
(författare)
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Factors associated with the history of attempted suicide.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Crisis. - : Hogrefe Publishing Group. - 0227-5910 .- 2151-2396. ; 31:1, s. 12-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The present study examines a population of criminal justice clients for suspected substance-related problems. Aims: It aims to identify variables associated with a history of suicide attempt (SA). Method: 6,836 clients were interviewed with the Addiction Severity Index (ASI). Attempters were compared to nonattempters regarding substance use, medical/psychiatric status, family history, and social relationships in a stepwise forward logistic regression. Results: Attempters (21%) were more likely to report binge drinking, intake of illicit drugs, injection of drugs, physical and mental illness, problematic family history, and history of being abused. After logistic regression, SA was independently associated with older age, female gender, binge drinking, delirium tremens, injection, overdose, medical problems, psychiatric symptoms, family history of alcohol or psychiatric problems, and sexual, physical, and emotional abuse. The psychiatric and family/social domains (including being abused) most strongly separated attempters from nonattempters. Conclusions: Family background factors, psychiatric symptoms, severity of substance use, and sexual, physical, and emotional abuse appear to be factors associated with SA among criminal justice clients.
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| 9. |
- Håkansson, Anders C, et al.
(författare)
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Variables Associated with Repeated Suicide Attempt in a Criminal Justice Population.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior. - 0363-0234. ; 41:5, s. 517-531
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with repeated suicide attempts among criminal justice clients examined for substance abuse using the Addiction Severity Index. Among suicide attempters (n = 1,404), repeaters (two or more attempts, n = 770) were compared to nonrepeaters. In logistic regression, repetition was associated with younger age, opioid analgesics, somatic medication, overdose, maternal psychiatric problems, delirium tremens, cognitive problems, and violent behavior. As in other settings, factors associated with repetition differed from those associated with suicide attempts in general. In this setting, substance use complications and cognitive problems were connected to repetition and should be addressed in risk assessments.
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| 10. |
- Andersson, Claes, et al.
(författare)
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Interactive voice response with feedback intervention in out-patient treatment of substance use problems in adolescents: a randomized controlled trial on substance use, stress and psychiatric symptoms.
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1070-5503 .- 1532-7558. ; 24:5, s. 789-797
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Substance use disorders and problematic substance use are common problems in adolescence and young adulthood. Brief personalized feedback has been suggested for treatment of alcohol and drug problems and poor mental health. This repeated measurement randomized controlled trial examines the effect of an interactive voice response (IVR) system for assessing stress, depression, anxiety and substance use. Methods: The IVR system was used twice weekly over 3 months after treatment initiation, with or without addition of a personalized feedback intervention on stress and mental health symptoms. Both IVR assessment only (control group) and IVR assessment including feedback (intervention group) were provided as an add-on to treatment-as-usual procedures (TAU) in outpatient treatment of substance use problems in adolescents and young adults (N = 73). Results: By using a mixed models approach, differences in change scores were analyzed over the three-month assessment period. Compared to the control group, the intervention group demonstrated significantly greater improvement in the Arnetz and Hasson stress score (AHSS, p = 0.019), the total Symptoms Checklist 8 score (SCL-8D, p = 0.037), the SCL-8D anxiety sub-score (p = 0.017), and on a summarized feedback score (p = 0.026), but not on the depression subscale. There were no differences in global substance use scores between the intervention group (feedback on mental health symptoms) and the control group. Conclusion: In conclusion, IVR may be useful for follow-up and repeated interventions as an add-on to regular treatment, and personalized feedback could potentially improve mental health in adolescents and young adults with problematic substance use.
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