| 1. |
- Cutas, Daniela, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Legal imperialism in the regulation of stem cell research and therapy: the problem of extraterritorial jurisdiction
- 2010
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Ingår i: Capps BJ & Campbell AV (eds.). CONTESTED CELLS: Global Perspectives on the Stem Cell Debate. - London : Imperial College Press. - 9781848164376 ; , s. 95-119
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Countries worldwide have very different national regulations on human embryonic stem (ES) cell research, informed by a range of ethical values. Some countries find reason to extend the applicability of their regulations on such research to its citizens when they visit other countries. Extraterritorial jurisdiction has recently been identified as a potential challenge towards global regulation of ES cell research. This chapter explores the implications and impact of extraterritorial jurisdiction and global regulation of ES cell research on researchers, clinicians and national health systems, and how this may affect patients. The authors argue that it would make ethical sense for ES cell restrictive countries to extend its regulations on ES cell research beyond its borders, because, if these countries really consider embryo destruction to be objectionable on the basis on the status of the embryo, then they ought to count it morally on par with murder (and thus have a moral imperative to protect embryos from the actions of its own citizens). However, doing so could lead to a legal situation that would result in substantial harm to central values in areas besides research, such as health care, the job market, basic freedom of movement, and strategic international finance and politics. Thus, it seems that restrictive extraterritorial jurisdiction in respect to ES cell research would be deeply problematic, given that the ethical permissibility of ES cell research is characterised by deep and wide disagreement.
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| 2. |
- Robinson, Yohan, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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AI och framtidens försvarsmedicin
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Medicinskt legitimerad personal är, och kommer med stor sannolikhet fortsattatt vara, en knapp resurs inom Försvarsmaktens sjukvårdsorganisation. I denna rapport ges en översikt över pågående och planerade ansatser baserade påartificiell intelligens (AI) inom akutsjukvård med särskild tonvikt på omhändertagandet av traumapatienter, där lösningarna skulle kunna bidra till att Försvarsmakten kan bibehålla sin sjukvårdskapacitet i kritiska lägen. Rapporten är ett resultat av samarbetet mellan FM, FOI, FMV, FHS och KI, och vänder sig i första hand till Försvarsmaktens strategiska ledning.Användningen av AI-teknik i framtida beslutsstöd kan skapa nya möjligheter till avlastning av personal och resurseffektivisering. Tekniken ger möjligheter att i realtid samla in, bearbeta och analysera stora mängder blandadinformation om förbands hälsoläge och fysiska stridsvärde. Bedömning av skadade kan t.ex. göras av triagedrönare och den efterföljande evakueringen kanunderlättas av intelligenta autonoma plattformar. Införandet av AI-system ställer dock vårdgivaren inför svåra etiska och medikolegala överväganden.Försvarsmedicin har en central roll i Försvarsmaktens krigföringsförmåga och för samhällets uthållighet. För att nyttja hela AI-teknikens framfart till Försvarsmaktens nytta måste dess innebörd och konsekvens för försvarsmedicinen förstås. Därför rekommenderar denna studie att Försvarsmaktens framtida satsningar inom AI och autonomi inkluderar den försvarsmedicinska teknikutveckling som är beskriven i denna rapport.
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| 3. |
- Henje, Catharina, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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Obstacles and risks in the traffic environment for users of powered wheelchairs in Sweden
- 2021
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Ingår i: Accident Analysis and Prevention. - : Elsevier. - 0001-4575 .- 1879-2057. ; 159
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: According to the European Union, fatal road accidents involving Vulnerable Road Users (VRUs) are equal in proportion to fatal car road accidents (46%). VRUs include individuals with mobility challenges such as the elderly and Powered Wheelchair (PWC) users. The aim of this interdisciplinary qualitative study was to identify obstacles and risks for PWC users by exploring their behaviour and experiences in traffic environments.Methods: Videos and in-depth interviews with 13 PWC users aged 20–66 were analysed for this study. The interviews and videos, which include real-life outdoor observations, originate from a qualitative study exploring experiences of PWC use on a daily basis in Sweden. Underlying causal factors to identified risks and obstacles were identified, based on human, vehicle (PWC) and environmental factors in accordance with the Haddon Matrix.Results: The results show significant potential for improvement within all three perspectives of the Haddon Matrix used in the analysis. Participants faced and dealt with various obstacles and risks in order to reach their destination. For example, this includes uneven surfaces, differences in ground levels, steep slopes, as well as interactions with other road users and the influence of weather conditions, resulting in PWC users constantly accommodating and coping with the shortcomings of the vehicle and the environment.Conclusions: There are still major challenges with regard to preventing obstacles and risks in the traffic environment for PWC users. To discern PWC users in traffic accident and injury data bases, a start would be to register type of aid used for persons involved in an accident. Furthermore, to emphasise PWC users’ role as VRUs, it may also be advantageous to describe them as drivers rather than users when navigating the traffic environment. Given the limited sample, further research covering more data from a broader perspective would be beneficial. By incorporating emerging knowledge of PWC users’ prerequisites and needs, and including them in research and traffic planning, the society will grow safer and more inclusive, and become better prepared for meeting future demands on accessibility from an aging population.
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| 4. |
- Lundälv, Jörgen, 1966
(författare)
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Blogga om jobbet med förstånd.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Recension i Lärarnas Tidning. ; :2
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Recension (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Sonesson, L., et al.
(författare)
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The potential of blended learning in education and training for advanced civilian and military trauma care
- 2018
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Ingår i: Injury - International Journal of the Care of the Injured. - : Elsevier BV. - 0020-1383 .- 1879-0267. ; 49:1, s. 93-96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: In the field of advanced care of the complex trauma patient, there is an emerging need for focused education and training. However, several hospitals do not support further education and training in this field, and the challenge of releasing time for physicians and nurses is well-known. Educational strategies using blended learning, which combines traditional classroom methods with modern computer-assisted methods and media, have not yet been widely used. This study analysed the educational challenges and areas for improvement, according to senior physicians and nurses, and investigated the potential use of blended learning. Method: The setting was an international course, Definitive Surgical Trauma Care (DSTC) - Military Version, part of a programme which prepares health professionals for work during extreme conditions. The sample consisted of senior physicians and nurses, participating in the course in September 2015. A survey was completed, interviews were performed and a post-course survey was conducted 18 months later in March 2017. Results: The most difficult aspect of learning how to manage the complex trauma patient, was the lack of real practice. Even though the respondents were knowledgeable in advanced trauma, they lacked personal experience in managing complex trauma cases. Cases presented during the course represented significantly greater complexity of injury compared to those usually seen in hospitals and during military deployment. The following educational challenges were identified from the study: (1) Lack of experience and knowledge of advanced trauma care. (2) Lack of the use of blended learning as support for education and training. (3) Limited time available for preparation and reflection in the education and training process. (4) Lack of support for such education and training from home hospitals. (5) The unfulfilled requirement for multidisciplinary team-training in the military medical environment. Conclusion: Educational strategies and methods, such as blended learning can support education and training, and the learning process by unlimited practice in reasoning and decision making in virtual patients. It can also provide flexibility and mobility for senior health professionals and their home hospitals, and contribute to an improved military pre-deployment training with less time strain on the civilian home hospitals. (c) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 7. |
- Bergh, Ingrid, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Descriptions of pain in elderly patients following orthopaedic surgery.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of caring sciences. - : Wiley. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 19:2, s. 110-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aims of this study were to investigate what words elderly patients, who had undergone hip surgery, used to describe their experience of pain in spoken language and to compare these words with those used in the Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ) and Pain-O-Meter (POM). The study was carried out at two orthopaedic and two geriatric clinical departments at a large university hospital in Sweden. Altogether, 60 patients (mean age =77) who had undergone orthopaedic surgery took part in the study. A face-to-face interview was conducted with each patient on the second day after the operation. This was divided into two parts, one tape-recorded and semi-structured in character and one structured interview. The results show that a majority of the elderly patients who participated in this study verbally stated pain and spontaneously used a majority of the words found in the SF-MPQ and in the POM. The patients also used a number of additional words not found in the SF-MPQ or the POM. Among those patients who did not use any of the words in the SF-MPQ and the POM, the use of the three additional words 'stel' (stiff), 'hemsk' (awful) and 'rad(d)(sla)' (afraid/fear) were especially marked. The patients also combined the words with a negation to describe what pain was not. To achieve a more balanced and nuanced description of the patient's pain and to make it easier for the patients to talk about their pain, there is a need for access to a set of predefined words that describe pain from a more multidimensional perspective than just intensity. If the elderly patient is allowed, and finds it necessary, to use his/her own words to describe what pain is but also to describe what pain is not, by combining the words with a negation, then the risk of the patient being forced to choose words that do not fully correspond to their pain can be reduced. If so, pain scales such as the SF-MPQ and the POM can create a communicative bridge between the elderly patient and health care professionals in the pain evaluation process.
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| 8. |
- Heath, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Video and qualitative research : analysing medical practice and interaction
- 2007
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Ingår i: Medical education. - : Blackwell Publishing. - 1365-2923. ; 41:1, s. 109-116
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There has been a longstanding recognition that video provides an important resource within medical education particularly, perhaps, for training in primary health care. As a resource for research, and more specifically within qualitative social science studies of medical practice, video has proved less pervasive despite its obvious advantages. In this paper, we sketch an approach for using video to inform the analysis of medical practice and the ways in which health care is accomplished through social interaction and collaboration. Drawing on our own research we discuss two brief examples; one the use of computing technology in primary health care and secondly informal instruction during surgical operations. The examples illustrate the multimodal character of medical work, how activities are accomplished through the interplay of talk, the visual and the use of material artefacts. They also illustrate the ways in which video provides access to the complex forms of social interaction and collaboration that underpin health care. We reflect upon the research opportunities afforded by video and the ways in which video based studies of interaction can contribute to the practice and practicalities of medicine.
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| 9. |
- Ponsot, Elodie, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Skeletal muscle telomere length is not impaired in healthy physically active old women and men
- 2008
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Ingår i: Muscle and Nerve. - : Wiley. - 0148-639X .- 1097-4598. ; 37:4, s. 467-472
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have previously shown that the number of satellite cells is lower in old than young men and women. The aim of this study was to further explore the effects of aging on the regenerative potential of skeletal muscle in 16 young and 26 old men and women with comparable physical activity level (young, 25 +/- 4 years; old, 75 +/- 4 years). Mean and minimum telomere lengths were determined using Southern blot analyses on biopsies obtained from the tibialis anterior muscle. There were no significant age or gender effects on mean and minimal telomeric lengths, suggesting that the replicative potential in the remaining satellite cells in the tibialis anterior muscle is not impaired with increasing age and the existence of in vivo regulatory mechanisms allowing the maintenance of telomere length. These results imply that moderate physical activity regularly performed by old subjects is not associated with accelerated telomere loss.
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| 10. |
- Henfridsson, Pia, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term changes in dietary intake and its association with eating-related problems after gastric bypass in adolescents.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Surgery for obesity and related diseases : official journal of the American Society for Bariatric Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 1878-7533. ; 18:12, s. 1399-1406
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery is an established, effective treatment for severe adolescent obesity. Long-term dietary intake and the relationship to eating-related problems are scarcely evaluated in this population.Assess changes in dietary intake in adolescents after RYGB and explore associations between dietary intake and eating-related problems.Multicenter study in Swedish university hospitals.Diet history, binge eating scale (BES), and Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire were assessed preoperatively and 1, 2, and 5 years after RYGB in 85 adolescents (67% female) aged 16.5 ± 1.2 years with a body mass index (BMI) of 45.5 ± 6.0 kg/m2 and compared with control individuals at 5 years.Five-year BMI change was -28.6% ± 12.7% versus +9.9% ± 18.9% in RYGB patients versus control individuals (P < .001). Through 5 years, RYGB adolescents reported reduced energy intake, portion size of cooked meals at dinner, and milk/yoghurt consumption (P < .01). The BES scores were 9.3 ± 8.3 versus 13.4 ± 10.5 in RYGB patients versus control individuals (P = .04). Association between BES score and energy intake was stronger in control individuals (r = .27 versus r = .62 in RYGB patients versus control individuals, P < .001). At 5 years, lower energy intake was associated with greater BMI loss in all adolescents (r = .33, P < .001). Higher scores in BES and uncontrolled and emotional eating were associated with higher energy intake, cooked meals, candies/chocolates, cakes/cookies, desserts, and sugary drinks (r > .23, P < .04) and lower intake of fruits/berries (r = -.32, P = .044). A higher score in cognitive restraint was associated with a higher intake of cereals and fruits/berries (r > .22, P < .05) and a lower intake of sugary drinks (r = -.24, P< .03).To support optimization of long-term outcomes in adolescent RYGB patients, it is important to provide management strategies to reduce energy intake. Monitoring eating-related problems could identify potential individuals at risk of poor weight loss and to initiate treatment interventions.
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