| 1. |
- Cutas, Daniela, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Legal imperialism in the regulation of stem cell research and therapy: the problem of extraterritorial jurisdiction
- 2010
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Ingår i: Capps BJ & Campbell AV (eds.). CONTESTED CELLS: Global Perspectives on the Stem Cell Debate. - London : Imperial College Press. - 9781848164376 ; , s. 95-119
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Countries worldwide have very different national regulations on human embryonic stem (ES) cell research, informed by a range of ethical values. Some countries find reason to extend the applicability of their regulations on such research to its citizens when they visit other countries. Extraterritorial jurisdiction has recently been identified as a potential challenge towards global regulation of ES cell research. This chapter explores the implications and impact of extraterritorial jurisdiction and global regulation of ES cell research on researchers, clinicians and national health systems, and how this may affect patients. The authors argue that it would make ethical sense for ES cell restrictive countries to extend its regulations on ES cell research beyond its borders, because, if these countries really consider embryo destruction to be objectionable on the basis on the status of the embryo, then they ought to count it morally on par with murder (and thus have a moral imperative to protect embryos from the actions of its own citizens). However, doing so could lead to a legal situation that would result in substantial harm to central values in areas besides research, such as health care, the job market, basic freedom of movement, and strategic international finance and politics. Thus, it seems that restrictive extraterritorial jurisdiction in respect to ES cell research would be deeply problematic, given that the ethical permissibility of ES cell research is characterised by deep and wide disagreement.
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| 2. |
- Silén, Marit, et al.
(författare)
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Nurses' conceptions of decision making concerning life-sustaining treatment
- 2008
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Ingår i: Nursing Ethics. - London : Edward Arnold. - 0969-7330 .- 1477-0989. ; 15:2, s. 160-173
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to describe nurses' conceptions of decision making with regard to life-sustaining treatment for dialysis patients. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 13 nurses caring for such patients at three hospitals. The interview material was subjected to qualitative content analysis. The nurses saw decision making as being characterized by uncertainty and by lack of communication and collaboration among all concerned. They described different ways of handling decision making, as well as insufficiency of physician-nurse collaboration, lack of confidence in physicians, hindrances to patient participation, and ambivalence about the role of patients' next of kin. Future research should test models for facilitating communication and decision making so that decisions will emerge from collaboration of all concerned. Nurses' role in decision making also needs to be discussed.
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| 3. |
- Henje, Catharina, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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Obstacles and risks in the traffic environment for users of powered wheelchairs in Sweden
- 2021
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Ingår i: Accident Analysis and Prevention. - : Elsevier. - 0001-4575 .- 1879-2057. ; 159
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: According to the European Union, fatal road accidents involving Vulnerable Road Users (VRUs) are equal in proportion to fatal car road accidents (46%). VRUs include individuals with mobility challenges such as the elderly and Powered Wheelchair (PWC) users. The aim of this interdisciplinary qualitative study was to identify obstacles and risks for PWC users by exploring their behaviour and experiences in traffic environments.Methods: Videos and in-depth interviews with 13 PWC users aged 20–66 were analysed for this study. The interviews and videos, which include real-life outdoor observations, originate from a qualitative study exploring experiences of PWC use on a daily basis in Sweden. Underlying causal factors to identified risks and obstacles were identified, based on human, vehicle (PWC) and environmental factors in accordance with the Haddon Matrix.Results: The results show significant potential for improvement within all three perspectives of the Haddon Matrix used in the analysis. Participants faced and dealt with various obstacles and risks in order to reach their destination. For example, this includes uneven surfaces, differences in ground levels, steep slopes, as well as interactions with other road users and the influence of weather conditions, resulting in PWC users constantly accommodating and coping with the shortcomings of the vehicle and the environment.Conclusions: There are still major challenges with regard to preventing obstacles and risks in the traffic environment for PWC users. To discern PWC users in traffic accident and injury data bases, a start would be to register type of aid used for persons involved in an accident. Furthermore, to emphasise PWC users’ role as VRUs, it may also be advantageous to describe them as drivers rather than users when navigating the traffic environment. Given the limited sample, further research covering more data from a broader perspective would be beneficial. By incorporating emerging knowledge of PWC users’ prerequisites and needs, and including them in research and traffic planning, the society will grow safer and more inclusive, and become better prepared for meeting future demands on accessibility from an aging population.
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| 4. |
- Sandman, Lars, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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An ethics analysis of the rationale for publicly funded plastic surgery
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMC Medical Ethics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-6939 .- 1472-6939. ; 21:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Healthcare systems are increasingly struggling with resource constraints, given demographic changes, technological development, and citizen expectations. The aim of this article is to normatively analyze different suggestions regarding how publicly financed plastic surgery should be delineated in order to identify a well-considered, normative rationale. The scope of the article is to discuss general principles and not define specific conditions or domains of plastic surgery that should be treated within the publicly financed system. Methods This analysis uses a reflective equilibrium approach, according to which considered normative judgements in one area should be logically and argumentatively coherent with considered normative judgements and background theories at large within a system. Results and conclusions In exploring functional versus non-function conditions, we argue that it is difficult to find a principled reason for anabsolutepriority of functional conditions over non-functional conditions. Nevertheless, functional conditions are relatively easier to establish objectively, and surgical intervention has a clear causal effect on treating a functional condition. Considering non-functional conditions that require plastic surgery [i.e., those related to appearance or symptomatic conditions (not affecting function)], we argue that the patient needs to experience some degree of suffering (and not only a preference for plastic surgery), which must be ‘validated’ in some form by the healthcare system. This validation is required for both functional and non-functional conditions. Functional conditions are validated by distinguishing between statistically normal and abnormal functioning. Similarly, for non-functional conditions, statistical normality represents a potential method for distinguishing between what should and should not be publicly funded. However, we acknowledge that such a concept requires further development.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Lundälv, Jörgen, 1966
(författare)
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Knallepulver, sockerbitar och mjältbrand. Mystiska budskap från knallar, baroner och misstänkta terrorister
- 2002
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Ingår i: Svensk etnologisk tidskrift (Kulturella Perspektiv). - 1102-7908. ; 11:2, s. 2-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Concepts such as horror, threat and anxiety have become important in media history and in the risk society. This study deals with arsenic poisoning, anthrax attacks and trading with poision in the old and the modern society. Terrorism has developed in society and affects indivuals´life and welfare. Terrorism has also become a part of the media coverage and crisis journalism. The horror of poisoning is a part of history and will continue to be constructed as leading prime time news in the future.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Lundälv, Jörgen, 1966
(författare)
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Den ironiska höghastighetskulturen. Om osäkra hjälpares framfart
- 2005
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Ingår i: Svensk etnologisk tidskrift (Kulturella Perspektiv). - 1102-7908. ; 14:4, s. 44-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ambulance crashes (Emergency Medical Vehicle Collision - EMVC) in our welfare state is ironically a social and culture phenomenon. Ambulance crashes as injury phenomenon is a complicated research area. Unfortunately this phenomenon has not been detected by researchers in a multidisciplanry perspective. This article claims that perspective qualitative studies is an interesting field for research concerning ambulance work and injury event. The aim of this article is to discuss some perspectives of ambulance staff and patients as vulnerable individuals in our modern culture of high-speed.
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| 9. |
- Ivarsson, Jonas, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Phenomenal fields forever. Instructed action and perception’s work
- 2023
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Ingår i: Instructed and Instructive Actions. The Situated Production, Reproduction, and Subversion of Social Order, edited by Michael Lynch & Oskar Lindwall. - London : Routledge. - 9781003279235 ; , s. 57-72
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The starting point for the study is the idea that many practices rely on specific methods that regularly evade formalized accounts. Some techniques are considered too trivial or idiosyncratic even when providing descriptions of the work intended as instructions. This chapter analyzes such a case taken from endovascular surgery: a form of image-guided intervention that relies on angiography and fluoroscopy imaging modalities. In this practice, surgeons must repeatedly move between different images while still remembering certain visualized features that are now lost from view. Some procedures to overcome this challenge have been outlined in the medical literature. We describe an additional method, which is de facto used in practice while still residing outside of the formally recognized methods of that practice. The technique relies on the creative use of a computer cursor as a visual aid for marking locations in the images. This workaround is built on local practices and technologies and is now an integral part of how the work gets done. It operates as a form of instructed action: a series of activities prospectively oriented to creating a shared phenomenal field by and for the collaborating surgeons.
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| 10. |
- Giovagnoli, Raffaela, et al.
(författare)
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Robotics and the quality of life: the case of robotics assisted surgery
- 2019
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Ingår i: Philosophical Inquiries. - : EDIZIONI ETS. - 2282-0248 .- 2281-8618. ; 7:1, s. 77-87
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Robotics is one of the most developing technological field that combines many scientific disciplines and has important social, ethical and economical effects. The philosophical debate on Artificial Intelligence is part of the classical branch of the philosophy of mind and developed interesting results crossing several disciplines (such as psychology, cognitive science, neuroscience, neurobiology etc.). Many interesting views moved mostly from Turing challenges about human and machine intelligence. After a general presentation of new trends in the ambit of AI, which try to intend computing as natural and embodied, we present the case of robotics assisted surgery as a very important example of a practice which requires also practical considerations.
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