| 1. |
- Tomic, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
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Proportion and characteristics of men with unknown risk category in the National Prostate Cancer Register of Sweden
- 2016
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Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 55:12, s. 1461-1466
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Knowledge on missing data in a clinical cancer register is important to assess the validity of research results. For analysis of prostate cancer (Pca), risk category, a composite variable based on serum levels of prostate specific antigen (PSA), stage, and Gleason score, is crucial for treatment decisions and a strong determinant of outcome. The aim of this study was to assess the proportion and characteristics of men in the National Prostate Cancer Register (NPCR) of Sweden with unknown risk category.Material and methods: Men diagnosed with prostate cancer between 1998 and 2012 registered in NPCR with known or unknown risk category were compared with respect to age, socioeconomic factors, comorbidity, cancer characteristics, cancer treatment, and mortality from Pca and other causes.Results: In total, 3 315 out of 129 391 (3%) men had unknown risk category. Compared to other men in NPCR, these men more often had a concomitant bladder cancer diagnosis, 19% vs. 1%, diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia 31% vs. 5%, received unspecified Pca cancer treatment 16% vs. 3%, had higher comorbidity, Charlson Comorbidity Index 2 or higher, 34% vs. 13%, and had lower Pca mortality 12% vs. 30%, but similar mortality from other causes.Conclusion: Men with unknown risk category were rare in NPCR but distinctly different from other men in many aspects in particular regarding comorbidity and Pca mortality.
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| 2. |
- Carlsson, Sigrid, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Population-based study of long-term functional outcomes after prostate cancer treatment
- 2016
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Ingår i: BJU International. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1464-4096 .- 1464-410X. ; 117:6B, s. E36-E45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To evaluate long-term urinary, sexual and bowel functional outcomes after prostate cancer treatment at a median follow-up of 12 years (IQR 11-13).PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this nationwide, population-based study, we identified from the National Prostate Cancer Register, Sweden, 6,003 men diagnosed with localized prostate cancer (clinical local stage T1-2, any Gleason score, prostate specific antigen < 20 ng/mL, NX or N0, MX or M0) between 1997 and 2002 who were ≤70 years at diagnosis. 1,000 prostate cancer-free controls were selected, matched for age and county of residence. Functional outcomes were evaluated with a validated self-reported questionnaire.RESULTS: Responses were obtained from 3,937/6,003 cases (66%) and 459/1,000 (46%) controls. Twelve years post diagnosis, at a median age of 75 years, the proportion of cases with adverse symptoms was 87% for erectile dysfunction or sexually inactive, 20% for urinary incontinence and 14% for bowel disturbances. The corresponding proportions for controls were 62%, 6% and 7%, respectively. Men with prostate cancer, except those on surveillance, had an increased risk of erectile dysfunction, compared to control men. Radical prostatectomy was associated with increased risk of urinary incontinence (odds ratio; OR 2.29 [95% CI 1.83-2.86] and radiotherapy increased the risk of bowel dysfunction (OR 2.46 [95% CI 1.73-3.49]) compared to control men. Multi-modal treatment, in particular including androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), was associated with the highest risk of adverse effects; for instance radical prostatectomy followed by radiotherapy and ADT was associated with an OR of 3.74 [95 CI 1.76-7.95] for erectile dysfunction and OR 3.22 [95% CI 1.93-5.37] for urinary incontinence.CONCLUSION: The proportion of men who suffer long-term impact on functional outcomes after prostate cancer treatment was substantial.
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| 3. |
- Bonde, Tiago M., et al.
(författare)
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Risk of prostate cancer death after radical radiotherapy with neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy with bicalutamide or gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists
- 2023
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Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 62:12, s. 1815-1821
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Oncological outcome after radical radiotherapy (RRT) combined with neoadjuvant and adjuvant androgen suppression therapy (AST) may differ according to type of AST. The aim of this nationwide register-based study was to investigate risk of prostate cancer (Pca) death after different neoadjuvant and adjuvant ASTs; (i) bicalutamide, (ii) gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRH) or (iii) combined bicalutamide and GnRH (CAB), together with RRT.Materials and MethodsData for 6882 men diagnosed with high-risk Pca between 2007 and 2020 and treated with primary RRT was retrieved from Prostate Cancer data Base Sweden (PCBaSe) 5.0. Time to Pca death according to type of neoadjuvant and adjuvant AST was assessed by use of Kaplan-Meier plots and Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for putative confounders.Results: Data were stratified by RRT type since the effect of AST in risk of Pca death differed according to type of RRT. Compared with the reference RRT combined with neoadjuvant CAB/adjuvant GnRH, risk of Pca death for men treated with CAB/bicalutamide and conventionally fractionated external beam radiotherapy (CF-EBRT) was hazard ratio (HR) 0.73 (95% CI: 0.50-1.04), hypofractionated EBRT (HF-EBRT), HR 1.35 (95% CI: 0.65-2.81) and EBRT with high dose rate brachytherapy (EBRT-HDRBT), HR 0.85 (95% CI: 0.37-1.95). Risk of Pca death for men treated with bicalutamide/bicalutamide and: (i) CF-EBRT was HR 2.35 (95% CI: 1.42-3.90), (ii) HF-EBRT, HR 0.70 (95% CI: 0.26-1.85), (iii) HF-EBRT, HR 4.07 (95% CI: 1.88-8.77) vs the reference.Conclusion: In this observational study, risk of Pca death between men receiving different combinations of AST varied according to RRT type. No difference was found in risk of Pca death for men treated with bicalutamide or GnRH as adjuvant therapy to RRT following neoadjuvant CAB. Risk of Pca death was increased for men with monotherapy neo-/adjuvant bicalutamide in combination with CF-EBRT or EBRT-HDRBT.
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| 4. |
- Bratt, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Satsa på MRT för diagnostik av prostatacancer.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - : Läkartidningen Förlag. - 1652-7518 .- 0023-7205. ; 112:Apr 20, s. DFZ3-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 5. |
- Fridriksson, Jón O., et al.
(författare)
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Long-term adverse effects after curative radiotherapy and radical prostatectomy : population-based nationwide register study
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Urology. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 2168-1805 .- 2168-1813. ; 50:5, s. 338-345
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the risk of serious adverse effects after radiotherapy (RT) with curative intention and radical prostatectomy (RP). Materials and methods: Men who were diagnosed with prostate cancer between 1997 and 2012 and underwent curative treatment were selected from the Prostate Cancer data Base Sweden. For each included man, five prostate cancer-free controls, matched for birth year and county of residency, were randomly selected. In total, 12,534 men underwent RT, 24,886 underwent RP and 186,624 were controls. Adverse effects were defined according to surgical and diagnostic codes in the National Patient Registry. The relative risk (RR) of adverse effects up to 12 years after treatment was compared to controls and the risk was subsequently compared between RT and RP in multivariable analyses. Results: Men with intermediate- and localized high-risk cancer who underwent curative treatment had an increased risk of adverse effects during the full study period compared to controls: the RR of undergoing a procedures after RT was 2.64 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.56–2.73] and after RP 2.05 (95% CI 2.00–2.10). The risk remained elevated 10–12 years after treatment. For all risk categories of prostate cancer, the risk of surgical procedures for urinary incontinence was higher after RP (RR 23.64, 95% CI 11.71–47.74), whereas risk of other procedures on the lower urinary tract and gastrointestinal tract or abdominal wall was higher after RT (RR 1.67, 95% CI 1.44–1.94, and RR 1.86, 95% CI 1.70–2.02, respectively). Conclusion: The risk of serious adverse effects after curative treatment for prostate cancer remained significantly elevated up to 12 years after treatment.
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| 6. |
- Loeb, Stacy, et al.
(författare)
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Risk of localized and advanced prostate cancer among immigrants versus native-born Swedish men: a nation-wide population-based study.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Cancer causes & control : CCC. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-7225 .- 0957-5243. ; 24:2, s. 383-390
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: Prostate cancer (PCa) incidence and prognosis vary geographically. We examined possible differences in PCa risk by clinical risk category between native-born and immigrant populations in Sweden. Our hypothesis was that lower PSA-testing uptake among foreign-born men would result in lower rates of localized disease, and similar or higher risk of metastatic disease. METHODS: Using the Prostate Cancer database Sweden, we identified 117,328 men with PCa diagnosed from 1991 to 2008, of which 8,332 were foreign born. For each case, 5 cancer-free matched controls were randomly selected from the population register. Conditional logistic regression was used to compare low risk, intermediate risk, high risk, regionally metastatic, and distant metastatic PCa based upon region of origin. RESULTS: Across all risk categories, immigrants had significantly lower PCa risk than native-born Swedish men, except North Americans and Northern Europeans. The lowest PCa risk was observed in men from the Middle East, Southern Europe, and Asia. Multivariable adjustment for socioeconomic factors and comorbidities did not materially change risk estimates. Older age at immigration and more recent arrival in Sweden were associated with lower PCa risk. Non-native men were less likely to be diagnosed with PCa through PSA testing during a health checkup. CONCLUSIONS: The risk for all stages of PCa was lower among first-generation immigrants to Sweden compared with native-born men. Older age at immigration and more recent immigration were associated with particularly low risks. Patterns of PSA testing appeared to only partly explain the differences in PCa risk, since immigrant men also had a lower risk of metastatic disease.
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| 7. |
- Robinson, David, et al.
(författare)
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Prediction of survival of metastatic prostate cancer based on early serial measurements of prostate specific antigen and alkaline phosphatase
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Urology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0022-5347 .- 1527-3792. ; 179:1, s. 117-122
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: We determined how serial measurements of prostate specific antigen and alkaline phosphatase can be used to predict survival early in the course of hormone treated metastatic prostate cancer. Materials and Methods: The study was based on a prospective randomized trial of 915 patients with metastatic prostate carcinoma designed to compare parenteral estrogen (polyestradiol phosphate) vs total androgen blockade. We included 697 men who survived at least 6 months and had complete serial measurements of prostate specific antigen and alkaline phosphatase. Six models were constructed based on prostate specific antigen and alkaline phosphatase at start, and after 6 months of treatment, alkaline phosphatase flare and relative prostate specific antigen velocity. We constructed time dependent receiver operating characteristic curves with corresponding area under the curve to predict death from prostate cancer within 3 years. Results: The best variables to predict outcome were alkaline phosphatase at 6 months (AUC 0.79 for polyestradiol phosphate and 0.72 for total androgen blockade), alkaline phosphatase at baseline (AUC 0.70 for polyestradiol phosphate and total androgen blockade) and prostate specific antigen at 6 months (AUC 0.70 for polyestradiol phosphate and total androgen blockade). Prostate specific antigen and alkaline phosphatase levels 6 months after start of treatment give better prediction of survival than baseline levels. Conclusions: Alkaline phosphatase at start of treatment and alkaline phosphatase and prostate specific antigen after 6 months can be used to predict survival of hormone treated metastatic prostate cancer.
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| 8. |
- Wilberg Orrason, Andri, et al.
(författare)
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Diagnostic activity impacts lifetime risk of prostate cancer diagnosis more strongly than life expectancy
- 2022
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 17:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The main aim of the study was to determine the impact of diagnostic activity and life expectancy on the lifetime risk of a prostate cancer diagnosis. We used a state transition simulation model based on Swedish population-based data to simulate life trajectories for 2,000,000 men from age 40 to 100 in order to estimate the lifetime risk of a prostate cancer diagnosis. Risk estimates were determined by the level of diagnostic activity and estimated life expectancy. Higher exposure to diagnostic activity resulted in more prostate cancer diagnoses. This was especially true for men diagnosed with low or intermediate grade disease. Men exposed to high diagnostic compared to low diagnostic activity had a five-fold increased lifetime risk (22% vs. 5%) of being diagnosed with a low or intermediate-risk prostate cancer and half the risk of being diagnosed with a high-risk prostate cancer (6% vs. 13%). Men with a long life expectancy had a higher lifetime risk of a prostate cancer diagnosis both overall (21% vs. 15%) and in all risk categories when compared to men with a short life expectancy. The lifetime risk of a prostate cancer diagnosis is strongly influenced by diagnostic activity and to a lesser degree by life expectancy.
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| 9. |
- Wirén, Sara, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Fatherhood status and risk of prostate cancer : nationwide, population-based case-control study
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 133:4, s. 937-943
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous studies have shown a decreased risk of prostate cancer for childless men; however, the cause of the association remains to be elucidated. The aim of our study was to assess the risk of prostate cancer by fatherhood status, also considering potential confounding factors. In a case–control study in Prostate Cancer data Base Sweden 2.0, a nationwide, population-based cohort, data on number of children, marital status, education, comorbidity and tumor characteristics obtained through nationwide healthcare registers and demographic databases for 117,328 prostate cancer cases and 562,644 controls, matched on birth year and county of residence, were analyzed. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for prostate cancer overall and by risk category, adjusting for marital status and education. Childless men had a decreased risk of prostate cancer compared to fathers, OR = 0.83 (95% CI = 0.82–0.84), and risk was lower for low-risk prostate cancer, OR = 0.74 (95% CI = 0.72–0.77), than for metastatic prostate cancer, OR = 0.93 (95% CI = 0.90–0.97). Adjustment for marital status and education attenuated the association in the low-risk category, adjusted OR = 0.87 (95% CI = 0.84–0.91), whereas OR for metastatic cancer remained virtually unchanged, adjusted OR = 0.92 (95% CI = 0.88–0.96). Our data indicate that the association between fatherhood status and prostate cancer to a large part is due to socioeconomic factors influencing healthcare-seeking behavior including testing of prostate-specific antigen levels.
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| 10. |
- Corsini, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Patient-reported Side Effects 1 Year After Radical Prostatectomy or Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer : A Register-based Nationwide Study
- 2024
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Ingår i: European Urology Oncology. - : Elsevier. - 2588-9311. ; 7:3, s. 605-613
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Data on functional and psychological side effects following curative treatment for prostate cancer are lacking from large, contemporary, unselected, populationbased cohorts. Objective: To assess urinary symptoms, bowel disturbances, erectile dysfunction (ED), and quality of life (QoL) 12 mo after robot -assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) and radiotherapy (RT) using patient -reported outcome measures in the Swedish prostate cancer database. Design, setting, and participants: This was a nationwide, population -based, cohort study in Sweden of men who underwent primary RARP or RT between January 1, 2018 and December 31, 2020. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: Absolute proportions and odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using multivariable logistic regression, with adjustment for clinical characteristics. Results and limitations: A total of 2557 men underwent RARP and 1741 received RT. Men who underwent RT were older (69 vs 65 yr) and had more comorbidities at baseline. After RARP, 13% of men experienced incontinence, compared to 6% after RT. The frequency of urinary bother was similar, at 18% after RARP and 18% after RT. Urgency to defecate was reported by 14% of men after RARP and 34% after RT. At 1 yr, 73% of men had ED after RARP, and 77% after RT. High QoL was reported by 85% of men after RARP and 78% of men after RT. On multivariable regression analysis, RT was associated with lower risks of urinary incontinence (OR 0.25, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.19- 0.33), urinary bother (OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.66-0.95), and ED (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.46-0.65), but higher risk of bowel symptoms (OR 2.86, 95% CI 2.42-3.39). QoL was higher after RARP than after RT (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.12-1.61). Conclusions: Short-term specific side effects after curative treatment for prostate cancer significantly differed between RARP and RT in this large and unselected cohort. Nevertheless, the risk of urinary bother was lower after RT, while higher QoL was common after RARP. Patient summary: In our study of patients treated for prostate cancer, urinary bother and overall quality of life are comparable at 1 year after surgical removal of the prostate in comparison to radiotherapy, despite substantial differences in other side effects. (c) 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of European Association of Urology. This is an open access article under the CC BY -NC -ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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