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- Winkel, Jörgen, et al.
(författare)
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An EMG-study of work methods and equipment in crane coupling as a basis for job redesign
- 1988
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Ingår i: Applied Ergonomics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0003-6870 .- 1872-9126. ; 19:3, s. 178-184
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous studies have shown that physical strain is perceived as the main work environment problem for crane couplers. During one year, 70% of the crane couplers at two Swedish steelworks (n = 124) indicated complaints of the locomotor system. An experimental field study comprising seven healthy female crane couplers was therefore carried out to determine if crane coupling implies too high a physical strain for healthy individuals, and to suggest ergonomics solutions to such problems if they occur. The significance of using different methods and equipment for reducing physical strain was evaluated by vocational EMG (four shoulder/neck and arm muscles), heart rate and ratings of perceived exertion.The data suggest that crane coupling may have harmful effects on the shoulder/neck. The investigated changes in work methods and equipment reduced the peak loads. If the crane coupler also has to operate the crane by radio control, this implies a rationalisation as well as a reduction in strain.
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- Linton, Steven J., 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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A controlled study of the effects of an early intervention on acute musculoskeletal pain problems
- 1993
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Ingår i: Pain. - : Elsevier. - 0304-3959 .- 1872-6623. ; 54:3, s. 353-359
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Current conceptions of chronic pain clearly suggest that proper care at the acute stage should prevent the development of chronic problems. Patients (198) seeking help for acute musculoskeletal pain (MSP), e.g., back and neck pain participated in two studies of the effects of an Early Active intervention which underscored 'well' behavior and function compared to a Treatment as Usual control group. The quantity of the Early Active treatment was a median of 1 doctor's appointment and 3 meetings with a physical therapist. Study I concerned patients with a prior history of sick-listing for MSP, while study II involved patients with no prior history of MSP. Treatment satisfaction, pain experience, activities and sickness absenteeism were assessed before, after and at a 12-month follow-up. In study I (patients with a history of MSP), the results showed significant improvements for both groups, but virtually no differences between the groups. Similarly, in study II (no history of MSP) both groups demonstrated significant improvements e.g., for pain intensity and activity levels. However, the Early Active treatment resulted in significantly less sick-listing relative to the control group. Moreover, the risk of developing chronic (> 200 sick days) pain was 8 times lower for the Early Activation group. This investigation shows that relatively simple changes in treatment result in reduced sickness absenteeism for 'first-time' sufferers only. Consequently, the content and timing of treatment for pain appear to be crucial. Properly administered early intervention may therefore decrease sick leave and prevent chronic problems, thus saving considerable resources.
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- Ekenberg, Lilly, et al.
(författare)
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Physiotherapy For Young People With Movement Disorders: Factors Influencing Commencement And Duration
- 1994
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Ingår i: Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. - : Wiley. - 0012-1622 .- 1469-8749. ; 36:3, s. 253-262
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A questionnaire sent to the parents of 105 patients aged between nine and 20 years with movement disorders was answered by 81 parents. 51 per cent of the patients were undergoing physiotherapy, and these had been having physiotherapy for almost all of their lives. Patients with lower mobility scores and those with both parents participating tended to continue with physiotherapy. Mobility scores were less of a determinant for girls than for boys for continuing or discontinuing physiotherapy. The diagnosis of cerebral palsy combined with an early start to physiotherapy also gave a higher continuation rate.
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- Myhr, Ulla, et al.
(författare)
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Improvement of functional sitting position for children with cerebral palsy
- 1991
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Ingår i: Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. - : Wiley. - 0012-1622 .- 1469-8749. ; 33:3, s. 246-256
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Twenty-three children with cerebral palsy were photographed and video-filmed in six different sitting positions--including a hypothetical functional position--and the video-films and photographs were analysed. It was found that pathological movements were minimised and postural control and arm and hand function best when the child was sitting in a forward-tipped seat, with a firm backrest supporting the pelvis, arms supported against a table and feet permitted to move backward.
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- Myhr, Ulla
(författare)
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Influence of different seat and backrest inclinations on the spontaneous positioning of the extremities in non-disabled children
- 1994
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Ingår i: Physiotherapy Theory and Practice. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0959-3985 .- 1532-5040. ; 10:4, s. 191-200
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The dynamics of linked body segments and the spontaneous positioning of the upper as well as the lower extremities relative to the axes of movement were investigated in different sitting positions in 10 non-disabled children, aged 4–9 years, in order to obtain a baseline for comparison with measurements of children with cerebral palsy. The children were photographed and video-filmed while performing standardised tasks. The results revealed that in positions with the backrest vertical and with the use of a hipbelt, all children held their feet posterior to the knee joint axis regardless of seat inclination, whereas the feet were more frequently held anterior to the knee joint axis when sitting reclined fastened across their trunks. The results of previous studies between non-disabled children and children with cerebral palsy indicated that both groups tended to position their extremities and linked body segments in a similar fashion when in comparable sitting positions. These findings may have further implications for the adaptation of chairs for children with cerebral palsy.
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| 9. |
- Myhr, Ulla, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of different sitting positions and abduction orthoses on leg muscle activity in children with cerebral palsy
- 1993
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Ingår i: Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. - : Wiley. - 0012-1622 .- 1469-8749. ; 35:10, s. 870-880
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A surface electromyogram (EMG) was recorded from four leg muscles to measure the effects of various seat inclinations and an abduction orthosis on eight children with cerebral palsy and controls during performance of an upper-extremity task and while listening to a story. EMG responses were lowest in the forward-leaning and horizontal positions with the abduction orthosis, and highest in reclined and horizontal positions without the orthosis for both groups of children during the performance of an upper-extremity task. While listening to a story, there was no median EMG activity in any muscles of the controls, but there were wide variations in those of the children with cerebral palsy. The results indicate that the use of an abduction orthosis and horizontal and forward-leaning seats decrease lower-extremity muscle activity, and so it is possible that it might also improve upper-extremity function.
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| 10. |
- Myhr, Ulla, et al.
(författare)
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Reducing spasticity and enhancing postural control for the creation of a functional sitting position in children with cerebral palsy: A pilot study
- 1990
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Ingår i: Physiotherapy Theory and Practice. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0959-3985 .- 1532-5040. ; 6:2, s. 65-76
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the aim of creating a functional sitting position and a method to identify factors which reduce spasticity and enhance postural control, a pilot study was conducted of two girls with severe cerebral palsy. The girls were photographed and videotaped seated in six various positions, including their original adapted chairs as well as after different interventions and even a hypothetical functional sitting position. These positions were varied by changing the inclination of the seat, either with or without an abduction orthosis and with or without a table in front of the child. The total time required for postural control was recorded. The children's pathologic/spastic movements were identified and counted. The children's upper bodies relative to the rotational axis at the ischial tuberosities were analysed from photographs. The greatest reduction of spasticity was gained and postural control was markedly superior when three factors were combined: the symmetrical fixation of the child by a belt anchored under the seat; the use of an abduction orthosis; and the placement of the line of gravity of the upper body anterior to the axis of rotation at the ischial tuberosities. These factors were combined with the seat inclined forwards or placed level with the child's forearms supported against a table. Changing the inclination of the seat alone showed no discernible effect.
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