| 1. |
- Wickford, Jenny, 1979, et al.
(författare)
-
Physiotherapy in Afghanistan - Needs and challenges for development.
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Disabil Rehabil.. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0963-8288 .- 1464-5165. ; 30:4, s. 305-313
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose. The aim of this paper is to describe and analyse the current situation of the physiotherapy component of the Rehabilitation of Afghans with Disability (RAD) programme, in order to identify the needs and challenges for further development. Method. The study was conducted as a field study with an anthropological approach by means of participant observation, unstructured and semi-structured interviews and photography. Results. The therapists in RAD work in isolation with little opportunity for further education or professional development. Their approach is mainly medical, where the work is dictated by the patients' expectations and doctors' recommendations. They use primarily passive methods of treatment, and their work is affected by cultural, religious and situational factors. They demonstrate a low capacity of clinical reasoning in their practical work. Conclusions. There is a need for further development of physiotherapy in Afghanistan. Active and individually adapted treatment methods, clinical reasoning processes and evidence-based practice should be encouraged. There are several challenges in this, based on Afghan culture and traditions, gender issues, religious factors, an authoritative society, a medical approach in treatment, and isolation and limitations in access to information. By means of an Action Research project the physiotherapists could be included in further development and research to promote a sustainable and culturally relevant development.
|
|
| 2. |
- Nilsagård, Ylva, et al.
(författare)
-
Evaluation of a single session with cooling garment for persons with multiple sclerosis-a randomized trial
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Disability and Rehabilitation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1748-3107 .- 1748-3115. ; 1:4, s. 225-233
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose. This research investigates the objective and subjective effects of wearing the Rehband® cooling garment. Method. A multi-centre, randomized crossover study was conducted regarding 43 heat-sensitive persons with multiple sclerosis (MS), comparing active treatment with placebo. Subjects were tested immediately before and after intervention. Ten- (10TW) and 30-metre timed walk (30TW), oral temperature, spasticity, standing balance and timed up and go (TUG) and nine-hole peg test (NHPT) performance were measured. A study-specific questionnaire was used to evaluate subjective experiences. Results. Active treatment produced statistically significant objective improvement in 10TW, 30TW, one-legged stance, tandem stance (right) and TUG; statistically significant subjective improvement was also found in fatigue, spasticity, weakness, balance, gait, transfers, ability to think clearly and time to recover. The coherence between the objective and subjective results indicates clinical relevance from the subjects' perspective. There were no statistically significant differences between treatments in terms of oral temperature, spasticity (measured by the modified Ashworth scale), tandem stance (left), step test or NHPT, or subjective signs such as difficulty in dressing, dysarthria or pain. Conclusions. Active cooling with a Rehband® vest is likely to have a positive effect on everyday life in heat-sensitive persons with MS.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Söderlund, Anne, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
-
Physical activity, diet and behaviour modification in the treatment of overweight and obese adults : a systematic review
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Perspectives in Public Health. - UK : SAGE Publications. - 1757-9139 .- 1757-9147. ; 129:3, s. 132-142
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: The aim was to extend the body of knowledge through a systematic review that combines the strengths and partly fills the gaps from earlier reviews. The aim is to review randomized controlled trials of the long-term effectiveness of physical exercise/activity with or without diet and/or behaviour modification therapy in terms of training effect, weight loss and improvement of body composition in overweight and obese, healthy adults. METHODS: Data for systematic review was collected via a search of databases for literature published between 1995 and 2006. The search yielded 12 articles. RESULTS: The studies showed that training intensity should be moderate. The treatment of overweight and obese individuals with training alone cannot be expected to result in any substantial weight loss but should be combined with diet and behaviour modification therapy. However training can be an important factor in preventing further weight gain, or in helping individuals maintain a lowered body weight. CONCLUSION: According to this systematic review of randomized controlled trials, the treatment that produced the best weight loss results included a combination of training, behaviour therapy and diet.
|
|
| 5. |
- von Heideken Wågert, Petra, et al.
(författare)
-
Falls in very old people : the population-based Umeå 85+ Study
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Archives of gerontology and geriatrics (Print). - Clare : Elsevier. - 0167-4943 .- 1872-6976. ; 49, s. 390-396
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to describe incidences of falls and fall-related injuries, and to identify predisposing factors for falls in very old people in a prospective population-based follow-up study for falls. The study is part of the Umeå 85+ Study which includes half of the population aged 85, and the total population aged 90 and ≥95 (−103), in Umeå, Sweden. Of the 253 people interviewed, 220 (87%) were followed up for falls for 6 months, of whom 109 lived in ordinary and 111 in institutional housing. A comprehensive geriatric baseline assessment was made through interviews and testing during home visits. Forty percent of the participants did fall a total 304 times, corresponding to 2.17 falls per Person Year (PY). It occurred 0.83 injuries per PY, including 0.14 fractures per PY. In a Cox regression analysis, the independent explanatory risk factors for time to first fall were dependency in activities of daily living (ADL), thyroid disorders, treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and occurrence of falls in the preceding year. It could be predicted that every seventh participant and every third of the people who did fall would suffer a fracture within 1 year. ADL, thyroid disorders and treatment with SSRIs should be considered in fall prevention programmes.
|
|
| 6. |
- Hammer, C., et al.
(författare)
-
Mechanical diagnosis and therapy in back pain : Compliance and social cognitive theory
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Advances in Physiotherapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1403-8196 .- 1651-1948. ; 9:4, s. 190-197
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to describe social cognitive theory (SCT) constructs and exercise compliance, and to explore relations between SCT variables and exercise compliance in patients with lumbar derangement syndrome during mechanical diagnosis and therapy (MDT) treatment. Fifty-eight subjects completed the study. The data collection included measures relevant to SCT constructs and compliance: outcome expectations and expectancies, self-efficacy expectations, behavioural capability, and self-reported frequency of exercise occasions, as well as treatment outcomes regarding pain intensity and disability. Data were collected at five occasions during treatment and during a 2-month follow-up period. The subjects received a mean of three movements (range one to five) as home exercises. The mean number of weeks with these exercises was 4 (range 1-6). High median scores were found in all variables related to SCT. The median compliance rates varied between 79% (week 1) and 91% (week 3) during treatment. During the first follow-up month, the compliance rate was 79% and during the second month of follow-up 62%. Pain intensity and disability decreased during treatment. Although there were no significant correlations between the SCT variables and exercise compliance, the descriptive data are in line with SCT.
|
|
| 7. |
- Johansson, Ann-Christin, et al.
(författare)
-
Clinic-based training in comparison to home-based training after first-time lumbar disc surgery : a randomised controlled trial
- 2009
-
Ingår i: European spine journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0940-6719 .- 1432-0932. ; 18:3, s. 398-409
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effectiveness of physiotherapy after first-time lumbar disc surgery is still largely unknown. Studies in this field are heterogeneous and behavioural treatment principles have only been evaluated in one earlier study. The aim of this randomised study was to compare clinic-based physiotherapy with a behavioural approach to a home-based training programme regarding back disability, activity level, behavioural aspects, pain and global health measures. A total of 59 lumbar disc patients without any previous spine surgery or comorbidity participated in the study. Clinic-based physiotherapy with a behavioural approach was compared to home-based training 3 and 12 months after surgery. Additionally, the home training group was followed up 3 months after surgery by a structured telephone interview evaluating adherence to the exercise programme. Outcome measures were: Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), physical activity level, kinesiophobia, coping, pain, quality of life and patient satisfaction. Treatment compliance was high in both groups. There were no differences between the two groups regarding back pain disability measured by ODI 3 and 12 months after surgery. However, back pain reduction and increase in quality of life were significantly higher in the home-based training group. The patients in the clinic-based training group had significantly higher activity levels 12 months after surgery and were significantly more satisfied with physiotherapy care 3 months after surgery compared to the home-based training group. Rehabilitation after first-time lumbar disc surgery can be based on home training as long as the patients receive both careful instructions from a physiotherapist and strategies for active pain coping, and have access to the physiotherapist if questions regarding training arise. This might be a convenient treatment arrangement for most patients.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Engh, L, et al.
(författare)
-
Intra- and inter-rater reliability of goniometric method of measuring head posture
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Physiotherapy Theory and Practice. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0959-3985 .- 1532-5040. ; 19:3, s. 175-182
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate the intra- and inter-rater reliability of a method aimed to measure the head position relative to shoulders with a universal goniometer. The subjects included 31 healthy individuals with mean age 31.5 years. To examine intra-rater reliability, two assistants carried out the measurements on two occasions with an interval of eight days. To examine inter-rater reliability, four assistants carried out the measurements. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC based on one factor repeated measures ANOVA) was 0.91 for the first assistantand 0.94 for the second. No significant difference was evident between the two assessment occasions for the two assistants. ICC was also used to estimate the inter-rater reliability of the four assistants' measurements and was 0.95. The mean difference between the four assistants' reading varied from 0.1 to 1.6 degrees. It was concluded that the measurement of head position relative to shoulders with a goniometer is a reliable method. However, standardisation of method is important to get reliable measurement results in this method, as it is in any measurement method.
|
|
| 10. |
- Kyhlbäck, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Prognostic factors in whiplash-associated disorders
- 2002
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Rehabilitation Research. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0342-5282 .- 1473-5660. ; 25:3, s. 181-187
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Whiplash-associated disorders (WADs) have become an increasing problem over the years and many authors have addressed the issue. The aim of the present study is to identify predictors for perceived disability and self-registered pain from a functional perspective, as well as to study the temporal evolution of patients' complaints. Eighty-three patients suffering from pain in the neck following acute whiplash injury were included in the study and they were consecutively monitored at three weeks, three months and one year after injury. The results suggest that a linear combination of sex, self-efficacy and WAD grade significantly explains 24% of the variation observed in pain intensity at the one-year follow-up, whereas a linear combination of self-efficacy, sex and age significantly explains 36% of the variation observed in disability at the one-year follow-up. Five per cent of the patients were non-symptomatic at the first monitoring occasion and 16% at the one-year follow-up. It is concluded that WAD patients' self-efficacy at an early stage after whiplash injury significantly predicts the temporal development of pain intensity and disability. It may therefore be suggested that patients' confidence in performing daily activities should be reinforced in order to optimize treatment after whiplash injury.
|
|
