| 1. |
- Frögéli, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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The Importance of Effective Organizational Socialization for Preventing Stress, Strain, and Early Career Burnout : An Intensive Longitudinal Study of New Professionals
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 19:12, s. 7356-7356
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Burnout was originally conceptualized based on experiences of new professionals. Role clarity, task mastery, and social acceptance are recognized as key resources enabling new professionals’ management of the challenges of the new profession. However, relations between these resources and stress, strain, and burnout have not yet been thoroughly investigated at professional entry. Increased understanding of these relations could have implications for strategies to prevent burnout. The aim of the study was to investigate within- and between-individual effects over the first months and relations to burnout at one-year post-entry. Data (n = 322) was collected weekly over the first 13 weeks and again 9 months later. Relationships were modelled using a multilevel regression model and correlation analysis. Results showed that on weeks when participants experienced higher role clarity, task mastery, and social acceptance, they reported significantly less stress, and that participants who experienced higher levels of the resources in general, reported significantly less strain. Levels of the resources at three months were related to symptoms of burnout at 12 months. The study findings provide support of the role of task mastery, role clarity, and social acceptance as resources buffering the impact of demands at professional entry on experiences of stress, strain, and burnout.
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| 2. |
- Bundschuh, Jochen, et al.
(författare)
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Medical geology in the framework of the sustainable development goals
- 2017
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 581, s. 87-104
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exposure to geogenic contaminants (GCs) such as metal(loid)s, radioactive metals and isotopes as well as transuraniums occurring naturally in geogenic sources (rocks, minerals) can negatively impact on environmental and human health. The GCs are released into the environment by natural biogeochemical processes within the near-surface environments and/or by anthropogenic activities such as mining and hydrocarbon exploitation as well as exploitation of geothermal resources. They can contaminate soil, water, air and biota and subsequently enter the food chain with often serious health impacts which are mostly underestimated and poorly recognized. Global population explosion and economic growth and the associated increase in demand for water, energy, food, and mineral resources result in accelerated release of GCs globally. The emerging science of "medical geology" assesses the complex relationships between geo-environmental factors and their impacts on humans and environments and is related to the majority of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals in the 2030 Agenda of the United Nations for Sustainable Development. In this paper, we identify multiple lines of evidence for the role of GCs in the incidence of diseases with as yet unknown etiology (causation). Integrated medical geology promises a more holistic understanding of the occurrence, mobility, bioavailability, bio-accessibility, exposure and transfer mechanisms of GCs to the food-chain and humans, and the related ecotoxicological impacts and health effects. Scientific evidence based on this approach will support adaptive solutions for prevention, preparedness and response regarding human and environmental health impacts originating from exposure to GCs.
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| 3. |
- Hedström, Jenny, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Women’s sexual and reproductive health in war and conflict : are we seeing the full picture?
- 2023
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Ingår i: Global Health Action. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1654-9716 .- 1654-9880. ; 16:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is well established that women’s sexual and reproductive health (SRHR) is negatively affected by war. While global health research often emphasises infrastructure and systematic factors as key impediments to women’s SRHR in war and postwar contexts, reports from different armed conflicts indicate that women’s reproduction may be controlled both by state and other armed actors, limiting women’s choices and access to maternal and reproductive health care even when these are available. In addition, it is important to examine and trace disparities in sexual reproductive health access and uptake within different types of wars, recognising gendered differences in war and postwar contexts. Adding feminist perspectives on war to global health research explanations of how war affects women's sexual and reproductive health might then contribute to further understanding the complexity of the different gendered effects war and armed conflicts have on women’s sexual and reproductive health.
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| 4. |
- Saleby, Matilda, et al.
(författare)
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Descriptive analysis of diseases, non-battle injuries and climate among deployed Swedish military personnel
- 2024
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Ingår i: BMJ military health. - 2633-3775.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction Historically, diseases and non-battle injuries (DNBI) typically stand for 70%‒95% of all medical events during military missions. There is, however, no comprehensive compilation of medical statistics for Swedish soldiers during deployment.Method During United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali, climate data and medical outpatient health surveillance data were compiled for Swedish soldiers deployed to Timbuctoo, between 2015 and 2019. Correlations between climate data and medical outpatient health surveillance data were analysed.Results Battle injuries accounted for 0.4% of the visits to healthcare, while diseases accounted for 53.6%, and non-battle injuries for 46%, the majority being musculoskeletal injuries. The combination of high temperature, humidity, sun radiation and good visibility, during summer rotation weeks, caused more events of injuries and heat stress than any other period.Conclusion Musculoskeletal injuries were the major cause for visits to the Swedish camp hospital. Injuries and heat stress increased during periods of high temperature, humidity, sun radiation and good visibility. Lack of medical data, i.e. unknown number of unique patients seeking healthcare, cause codes not always connected to a primary diagnosis, and revisits not being connected to a diagnose, complicated interpretation of health risk factors.
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| 5. |
- Saleby, Matilda, et al.
(författare)
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Descriptive analysis of diseases, non-battle injuries and climate among deployed Swedish military personnel
- 2024
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Ingår i: BMJ Military Health. - 2633-3767 .- 2633-3775. ; , s. e002685-e002685
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionHistorically, diseases and non-battle injuries (DNBI) typically stand for 70%‒95% of all medical events during military missions. There is, however, no comprehensive compilation of medical statistics for Swedish soldiers during deployment.MethodDuring United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali, climate data and medical outpatient health surveillance data were compiled for Swedish soldiers deployed to Timbuctoo, between 2015 and 2019. Correlations between climate data and medical outpatient health surveillance data were analysed.ResultsBattle injuries accounted for 0.4% of the visits to healthcare, while diseases accounted for 53.6%, and non-battle injuries for 46%, the majority being musculoskeletal injuries. The combination of high temperature, humidity, sun radiation and good visibility, during summer rotation weeks, caused more events of injuries and heat stress than any other period.ConclusionMusculoskeletal injuries were the major cause for visits to the Swedish camp hospital. Injuries and heat stress increased during periods of high temperature, humidity, sun radiation and good visibility. Lack of medical data, i.e. unknown number of unique patients seeking healthcare, cause codes not always connected to a primary diagnosis, and revisits not being connected to a diagnose, complicated interpretation of health risk factors.
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| 6. |
- Schüler, Martin
(författare)
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Firearm Safety Dimensions, an Extension of the Military Safety Climate Questionnaire
- 2024
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting. - 1071-1813 .- 2169-5067.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this pilot study is to identify specific safety climate dimensions pertaining to firearm safety and accidental discharge of firearms. New items capture the seriousness in firearms training pertaining to safety, handling and learning. The new items were developed in cooperation with the Swedish Armed Forces. The new items together with the Nordic safety climate questionnaire and the military safety climate questionnaire were distributed to one regiment within the Swedish Armed Forces. Data was collected and analyzed through statistical methods. An exploratory factor analysis initially indicated two new factors. The confirmatory factor analysis rejected one new factor keeping Serious firearms training. A two-level factor model was created influenced by accidents and incidents relating to firearms. Two latent variables were identified Safety Voice and Safety engagement both affected by accidents and incidents relating to firearms. The employee category squad leaders, soldiers or sailors at the lowest level of the organization, display significant differences compared to others in creating a climate were incidents and accidents might not be discussed or learnt from preventing unsafe behavior. The results from this study have one dominant limitation, this being that the sample size is only from one regiment. The new factor Serious firearms training need additional testing and validation before being adopted into an instrument. Future research should focus on verifying the two-level factor model with additional data from other military installations and to incorporate other types of variables into the model.
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| 7. |
- Tagliacozzo, Serena, et al.
(författare)
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Public agencies tweeting the COVID-19 pandemic : cross-country comparison of must have and forgotten communication topics
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Communication. - 2297-900X. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Despite the importance of national-level public health agenciesin times of a pandemic, there is limited comparative understanding of their must-have and forgotten pandemic-related communication topics.Methods: To fill this gap in the literature, this article presents an analysis of COVID related communication topics by national-level health agencies in Italy, Sweden, and the United States using the IDEA (Internalization, Distribution, Explanation,Action) model on crisis message framing. The public health agencies included in the study are the Italian National Institute of Health (Istituto Superiore di Sanità;ISS), the Public Health Agency of Sweden (Folkhälsomyndigheten), and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the US.Results: Based on these agencies’ Twitter posts (n = 856) in the first 3 monthsof the pandemic, the article reveals a greater attention paid to action oriented (e.g., disease prevention) and explanatory messages (e.g., disease trends) than to distribution (e.g., transmission) and internalizing messages (e.g., risk factors) inall three countries. The study also highlights dierences in terms of referrals to other communication channels and communication topics, especially in terms of these agencies’ emphasis on individual risk factors (related to the risk of a personsuering from serious COVID-19-related health consequences) and social risk factors (related to the chance of an individual to become infected with COVID-19 because of the social context).Discussion: The study’s findings call for better incorporation of information that is directly relevant to the receivers (internalizing messages) by public health agencies.
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| 8. |
- Schüler, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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The Swedish pandemic landscape on twitter : An exploratory study using statistical methods
- 2021
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Ingår i: 26th International Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium (ICCRTS). - Washington : Alberts, David. ; , s. 1-7
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the Covid-19 pandemic social media have become an important tool for spreading information from government agencies regarding restrictions. Government accounts and public health care organizations have used different social media platforms such as Twitter to communicate with the Swedish public. The Swedish public have interacted with the information, arguing for a stricter or a more relaxed approach to Covid-19 recommendations. This social network analysis aims at exploring statistical methods to investigate patterns made by twitter accounts commenting the Swedish Armed Forces field hospital activities and the national Covid-19 strategy during the Covid-19 pandemic. Data was collected using the twitter platform and the Ncapture add-on with Google Chrome. The interactions stored in the tweets and replies section (TRS) from 227 twitter accounts were collected and coded with the NVivo auto code function. Twitter usernames that occurred in less than 35 % of the 227 TRS were deleted. The 227 extracted TRS were treated as scale items and occurring twitter-names which interacted with the TRS as respondents n=761. Analysis of the factor structure with PCA and CFA indicated four factors: 1) Military policy, 2) Right wing politics, 3) Law enforcement, 4) Politics and strategy. Structural Equation Modelling revealed interrelationships between the factors. Thus, Military policy, Law enforcement and Politics and strategy had a direct effect on Right wing politics. Politics and strategy had a direct effect on Military policy and Law enforcement. This study revealed that PCA, CFA and SEM have the potential to discover the core of a thought collective. Despite the obvious dangers with misinformation and political extremism on social media, policymakers need to tackle misinformation and disinformation, protecting electoral processes and facilitating public discussion, built on the three fundamental democratic principles of equality, representation and participation.
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| 9. |
- Sjöberg, Misa, et al.
(författare)
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Leadership in complex, stressful rescue operations : A quantitative test of a qualitatively developed model
- 2011
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Ingår i: Disaster Prevention and Management. - : Emerald. - 0965-3562 .- 1758-6100. ; 20:2, s. 199-212
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose - The purpose of the paper is to explore the universality of a qualitatively (grounded theory) developed model of leadership in complex and/or stressful rescue operations.Design - The model was operationalised and tested on leaders (n = 385) from the ambulance service, the police force, and the rescue services in Sweden. A questionnaire was operationalised from the codes and categories of the previously developed model.Findings - The study showed that the most important factors in explaining the outcome of complex rescue operations were organisational climate before the incident, positive stress reactions, and personal knowledge of the co-actors during the episode. Cases where the leader appraised that the situation could not be resolved with the available resources were characterised by less favourable ratings, irrespective of whether humans were perceived as being threatened or not. The strength of this controllability aspect was interpreted in terms of a professional action-oriented identity.Research limitations/implications - The results were affected by a high dropout rate and the fact that there were comparatively few large-scale rescue operations.Practical implications - The results may be valuable in both training and exercises with rescue operation commanders.Originality/value - The paper presents a validation of a new, integrative, theoretical process model of leadership in complex, stressful rescue operations.
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| 10. |
- Kennedy, Beatrice, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Sociodemographic characteristics and COVID-19 testing rates : spatiotemporal patterns and impact of test accessibility in Sweden
- 2024
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press. - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 34:1, s. 14-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundDiagnostic testing is essential for disease surveillance and test–trace–isolate efforts. We aimed to investigate if residential area sociodemographic characteristics and test accessibility were associated with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) testing rates.MethodsWe included 426 224 patient-initiated COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction tests from Uppsala County in Sweden from 24 June 2020 to 9 February 2022. Using Poisson regression analyses, we investigated if postal code area Care Need Index (CNI; median 1.0, IQR 0.8–1.4), a composite measure of sociodemographic factors used in Sweden to allocate primary healthcare resources, was associated with COVID-19 daily testing rates after adjustments for community transmission. We assessed if the distance to testing station influenced testing, and performed a difference-in-difference-analysis of a new testing station targeting a disadvantaged neighbourhood.ResultsWe observed that CNI, i.e. primary healthcare need, was negatively associated with COVID-19 testing rates in inhabitants 5–69 years. More pronounced differences were noted across younger age groups and in Uppsala City, with test rate ratios in children (5–14 years) ranging from 0.56 (95% CI 0.47–0.67) to 0.87 (95% CI 0.80–0.93) across three pandemic waves. Longer distance to the nearest testing station was linked to lower testing rates, e.g. every additional 10 km was associated with a 10–18% decrease in inhabitants 15–29 years in Uppsala County. The opening of the targeted testing station was associated with increased testing, including twice as high testing rates in individuals aged 70–105, supporting an intervention effect.ConclusionsEnsuring accessible testing across all residential areas constitutes a promising tool to decrease inequalities in testing.
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