| 1. |
- Rizzi, Maria C, et al.
(författare)
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The potential of different countermeasures to prevent injuries with high risk of health loss among bicyclists in Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: Traffic Injury Prevention. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1538-9588 .- 1538-957X. ; 21:3, s. 215-221
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: As bicyclists account for the largest share of serious injuries in Sweden, focus to improve safety for bicyclists is needed. While knowledge about fatal bicycle crashes is rather extensive, the number of studies that have investigated non-fatal injuries is still rather limited. The aim of this study was to estimate the potential of different countermeasures to reduce crashes resulting in injuries with high risk of health-loss among cyclists in Sweden. A further aim was to describe the residual—that is, crashes that were not considered to be addressed by the analyzed countermeasures. Methods: A sample of individuals with specific injury diagnoses was drawn from the Swedish national crash database Strada. A survey form was used to collect additional information about the crash and the health-related outcomes. The potential of countermeasures currently included in the Swedish Safety Performance Indicators, as well as of countermeasures that could be described as “existing but not fully implemented” was assessed. The overall potential of all countermeasures assessed was calculated, giving a grand total without double counting. Cases that were considered not to be addressed by any of the countermeasures included (i.e., the residual crashes) were described in more detail. Results: The current Swedish Safety Performance Indicators that relate to safe cycling addressed 22% of crashes. Improved maintenance by deicing and removal of snow from bicycle infrastructure was found to have the highest potential (8%), followed by improved crashworthiness of passenger cars (5%) and safer bicycle crossings (4%). The potential for existing but not fully implemented safety improvements was 56%. The greatest potential was found for Autonomous Emergency Braking with cyclist detection for passenger cars (12%), followed by studded winter tyres for bicycles (12%), and improved maintenance on non-bicycle infrastructure (11%). In total, taking double counting into consideration, all safety improvements could address 64% of all crashes. Among the residual crashes, the majority (69%) were single bicycle crashes of which most were related to wheel locking during braking and losing balance at low speed or stationary. Conclusions: Compared with fatal crashes that involve a majority of bicycle-car crashes, the crashes leading to health-loss are mostly single bicycle crashes. Therefore, innovation and development of additional countermeasures to improve safety for bicyclists should focus on single bicycle crashes.
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| 2. |
- Ärleskog, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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Balancing power in co-production: introducing a reflection model
- 2021
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Ingår i: Humanities & Social Sciences Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2662-9992. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The role and position of users in health and welfare has recently changed to become more active in co-production of care. When more co-production is preferred, challenges related to power need to be considered. In this paper, power is seen as the possibility to influence. The paper focuses on power in co-produced improvement work by introducing a reflection model based on Franzen's power triangle, further developed from improvement coaches' perceptions. First, empirical data from interviews with improvement coaches were analyzed and then the theoretical model was created. Twelve coaches were included in the interviews, all of them with experience of co-production and improvement work within a region in southeast Sweden. By combining the empirical results with the power triangle, a reflection model concerning power dimensions was developed. The results showed the necessity of reflection regarding several power-related factors. Resources were found to be important and depending on contextual settings. Attitudes and perceptions among personnel and users were also vital. To accomplish co-production, the power dimension must be considered, and the power triangle acknowledges different power dimensions and how they affect each other. The model has a systematic character and allows adjustments to the power dimensions within any other context. It can inspire and be used by improvers working with co-production to promote deeper professional and organizational reflection and thereby contribute to new insights on how to balance power in co-producing health and welfare services.
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| 3. |
- Huus, Karina, et al.
(författare)
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Physical Activity, Blood Glucose and C-Peptide in Healthy School-Children, a Longitudinal Study
- 2016
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Ingår i: Plos One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 11:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim To further elucidate the relationship between physical activity and several risk factors for development of diabetes (glucose, C-peptide and obesity) over time. A prospective longitudinal study where physical activity was measured on 199 children from Kalmar and Linkoping at age 8, and the same 107 children from Linkoping again at age 12. Anthropometric data was collected and blood was analyzed for C-peptide and f-glucose. The children in the study were representative for the general Swedish child population, and on an average lean. High physical activity was related to lower C-peptide at age 8 and 12. This correlation was especially pronounced in boys, who also were more physically active than girls at both time points. The association seen at 8 years of age was similar at age 12 in most children. Children with higher BMI Z-Score had a higher fasting C-peptide (age 12) but linear regression showed that children with more steps per day were less likely to have a higher fasting C-peptide irrespective of BMI. Longitudinal follow-up showed that a decrease in physical activity increased insulin resistance and beta-cell load. Already in young children, physical activity improves insulin sensitivity and decreases the need of C-peptide over time. This seems to become even more pronounced with increasing age when children are followed longitudinally. Low physical activity increases the load on insulin producing beta-cells, might increase the risk for both type 1- and 2 diabetes.
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| 4. |
- Algurén, Beatrix, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Content comparison and person-centeredness of standards for quality improvement in cardiovascular health care
- 2021
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 16:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Quality standards are important for improving health care by providing compelling evidence for best practice. High quality person-centered health care requires information on patients' experience of disease and of functioning in daily life. Objective To analyze and compare the content of five Swedish National Quality Registries (NQRs) and two standard sets of the International Consortium of Health Outcomes Measurement (ICHOM) related to cardiovascular diseases. Materials and methods An analysis of 2588 variables (= data items) of five NQRs—the Swedish Registry of Congenital Heart Disease, Swedish Cardiac Arrest Registry, Swedish Catheter Ablation Registry, Swedish Heart Failure Registry, SWEDEHEART (including four sub-registries) and two ICHOM standard sets–the Heart Failure Standard Set and the Coronary Artery Disease Standard Set. According to the name and definition of each variable, the variables were mapped to Donabedian’s quality criteria, whereby identifying whether they capture health care processes or structures or patients’ health outcomes. Health outcomes were further analyzed whether they were clinician- or patient-reported and whether they capture patients’ physiological functions, anatomical structures or activities and participation. Results In total, 606 variables addressed process quality criteria (31%), 58 structure quality criteria (3%) and 760 outcome quality criteria (38%). Of the outcomes reported, 85% were reported by clinicians and 15% by patients. Outcome variables addressed mainly ‘Body functions’ (n = 392, 55%) or diseases (n = 209, 29%). Two percent of all documented data captured patients’ lived experience of disease and their daily activities and participation (n = 51, 3% of all variables). Conclusions Quality standards in the cardiovascular field focus predominately on processes (e.g. treatment) and on body functions-related outcomes. Less attention is given to patients’ lived experience of disease and their daily activities and participation. The results can serve as a starting-point for harmonizing data and developing a common person-centered quality indicator set.
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| 5. |
- Riveiro, Maria, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Supporting Golf Coaching and Swing Instruction with Computer-Based Training Systems
- 2015
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Ingår i: Learning and Collaboration Technologies. - Cham : Springer International Publishing Switzerland. - 9783319206080 - 9783319206097 ; , s. 279-290
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Golf is a popular sport around the world. Since an accomplished golf swing is essential for succeeding in this sport, golf players spend a considerable amount of time perfecting their swing. In order to guide the design of future computer-based training systems that support swing instruction, this paper analyzes the data gathered during interviews with golf instructors and participant observations of actual swing coaching sessions. Based on our field work, we describe the characteristics of a proficient swing, how the instructional sessions are normally carried out and the challenges professional instructors face. Taking into account these challenges, we outline which desirable capabilities future computer-based training systems for professional golf instructors should have.
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| 6. |
- Bertills, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Measuring self-efficacy, aptitude to participate and functioning in students with and without impairments
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Journal of Special Needs Education. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0885-6257 .- 1469-591X. ; 33:4, s. 572-583
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Including vulnerable groups of students such as students with learning disabilities in mainstream school research, require ethical considerations and questionnaire adaptation. These students are often excluded, due to low understanding or methodologies generating inadequate data. Students with disability need be studied as a separate group and provided accessible questionnaires. This pilot study aims at developing and evaluating student self-reported measures, rating aspects of student experiences of school-based Physical Education (PE). Instrument design, reliability and validity were examined in Swedish secondary school students (n = 47) including students, aged 13, with intellectual disability (n = 5) and without impairment and test–retested on 28 of these students. Psychometric results from the small pilot-study sample were confirmed in analyses based on replies from the first wave of data collection in the main study (n = 450). Results show adequate internal consistency, factor structure and relations between measures. In conclusion, reliability and validity were satisfactory in scales to measure self-efficacy in general, in PE, and aptitude to participate. Adapting proxy ratings for functioning into self-reports indicated problems. Adequacy of adjustments made were confirmed and a dichotomous scale for typical/atypical function is suggested for further analyses.
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| 7. |
- Nilsson, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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Mindfulness Therapies and Assessment Scales : A Brief Review
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Psychological Studies. - : Canadian Center of Science and Education. - 1918-7211 .- 1918-722X. ; 8:1, s. 11-19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- <p>Over the past 20 years or so, the uptake of mindfulness within psychology, neuroscience and medicine has been celebrated as a new exciting development. It is within the realm of an assessment and therapeutic framework that mindfulness training has proved itself effective in terms of bettering the lot of many individuals. The primary purpose of this paper is to provide a brief review but also to undertake a more critical examination of the most common and popular forms of Western mindfulness intervention methods and the various scales that have been devised to measure their success in this regard.</p>
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| 8. |
- Flyckt, Jonatan, et al.
(författare)
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Explaining rifle shooting factors through multi-sensor body tracking
- 2023
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Ingår i: Intelligent Data Analysis. - : IOS Press. - 1088-467X .- 1571-4128. ; 27:2, s. 535-554
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a lack of data-driven training instructions for sports shooters, as instruction has commonly been based on subjective assessments. Many studies have correlated body posture and balance to shooting performance in rifle shooting tasks, but have mostly focused on single aspects of postural control. This study has focused on finding relevant rifle shooting factors by examining the entire body over sequences of time. A data collection was performed with 13 human participants carrying out live rifle shooting scenarios while being recorded with multiple body tracking sensors. A pre-processing pipeline produced a novel skeleton sequence representation, which was used to train a transformer model. The predictions from this model could be explained on a per sample basis using the attention mechanism, and visualised in an interactive format for humans to interpret. It was possible to separate the different phases of a shooting scenario from body posture with a high classification accuracy (80%). Shooting performance could be detected to an extent by separating participants using their strong and weak shooting hand. The dataset and pre-processing pipeline, as well as the techniques for generating explainable predictions presented in this study have laid the groundwork for future research in the sports shooting domain.
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| 9. |
- Blomstrand, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of a single exercise workout on memory and learning functions in young adults—A systematic review
- 2021
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Ingår i: Translational Sports Medicine. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2573-8488. ; 4:1, s. 115-127
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the current literature examining the acute effects of a single exercise workout on learning and memory functions in young adults.Methods The review was conducted in alignment with the PRISMA guidelines. Studies were included if they were indexed in PubMed, published between 2009 and 2019, used an experimental study design and conducted on young human adults. The MeSH terms “exercise,” “learning,” and “young adults” were used together with the filters Publication dates—10 years; Human Species; and Article types—Clinical Trial.Results Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were evaluated. The types of exercise stimulus that were used was walking, running, or bicycling. Several different test instruments were used such as Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, Trail Making Test A and B, and Stroop Color Word Test. Exercise for two minutes to one hour at moderate to high intensity had a favorable effect on learning and memory functions in the selected studies.Conclusions This systematic review shows that aerobic, physical exercise before encoding improves learning and memory functions in young adults.
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| 10. |
- Kristén, Lars, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Conceptions of Children and Adolescents with Physical Disabilities about Their Participation in a Sports Programme
- 2002
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Ingår i: European Physical Education Review. - London : Sage Publications. - 1356-336X .- 1741-2749. ; 8:2, s. 139-156
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sport and leisure can be of significant importance for the well-being and social support of children and adolescents with physical disabilities. However, it has been established that organized sport sometimes has a social construction, in that those without disabilities are favoured at the expense of others. The aim of this study was, therefore, to describe conceptions of children and adolescents with physical disabilities about their participation in a sports programme. Using questions based on a holistic view of the human being, 20 children and adolescents were interviewed. The method of analysis used was inspired by phenomenography. Six categories emerged: Getting new friends, learning, strengthening one’s physique, becoming someone, experiencing nature and having a good time. The findings show the great diversity of sports participation. Further, the conceptions mirror the difficulty of dividing people into groups and of delimiting important areas. The findings highlight the importance of programmes where actors from different sections of society cooperate. Even if the findings cannot be generalized, they nevertheless demonstrate that physical activity involves many positive factors both at the individual and at the society level. © 2002, North West Counties Physical Education Association and SAGE Publications. All rights reserved.
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