| 1. |
- Nordsborg, N. B., et al.
(författare)
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Oxidative capacity and glycogen content increase more in arm than leg muscle in sedentary women after intense training
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 8750-7587 .- 1522-1601. ; 119:2, s. 116-123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The hypothesis that the adaptive capacity is higher in human upper- than lower-body skeletal muscle was tested. Furthermore, the hypothesis that more pronounced adaptations in upper-body musculature can be achieved by "low-volume high-intensity" compared with "high-volume low-intensity" exercise training was evaluated. A group of sedentary premenopausal women aged 45 +/- 6 yr (+/- SD) with expected high adaptive potential in both upper- and lower-extremity muscle groups participated. After random allocation to high-intensity swimming (HIS, n = 21), moderate-intensity swimming (MOS, n = 21), soccer (SOC, n = 21) or a nontraining control group (CON, n = 20), the training groups completed three workouts per week for 15 wk. Resting muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis muscle and deltoideus muscle before and after the intervention. After the training intervention, a larger (P < 0.05) increase existed in deltoideus muscle of the HIS group compared with vastus lateralis muscle of the SOC group for citrate synthase maximal activity (95 +/- 89 vs. 27 +/- 34%), citrate synthase protein expression (100 +/- 29 vs. 31 +/- 44%), 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase maximal activity (35 +/- 43 vs. 3 +/- 25%), muscle glycogen content (63 +/- 76 vs. 20 +/- 51%), and expression of mitochondrial complex II, III, and IV. Additionally, HIS caused higher (P < 0.05) increases than MOS in deltoideus muscle citrate synthase maximal activity, citrate synthase protein expression, and muscle glycogen content. In conclusion, the deltoideus muscle has a higher adaptive potential than the vastus lateralis muscle in sedentary women, and "high-intensity low-volume" training is a more efficient regime than "low-intensity high-volume" training for increasing the aerobic capacity of the deltoideus muscle.
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| 2. |
- Mohr, Magni, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Gender-dependent evaluation of football as medicine for prediabetes
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Journal of Applied Physiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1439-6319 .- 1439-6327. ; 119:9, s. 2011-2024
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose Training intensity and health effects of football were investigated gender specifically in individuals with prediabetes. Methods Participants with prediabetes (age 60 +/- 6 years) were randomised into a football and dietary advice group (FD-men n = 13 and FD-women n = 14) or a dietary advice only group (D-men n = 12 and D-women n = 11). FD performed football training (twice/week for 16 weeks), while both groups received dietary advice. Body composition, bone variables, blood pressure, blood lipid profile and peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) were determined pre- and post-intervention. Results Mean heart rate during football training was 79 +/- 2 and 80 +/- 3% HRmax for FD-men and FD-women, respectively, with peak heart rate values of 96 +/- 1 and 97 +/- 2% HRmax, with no gender differences. VO2peak increased more (P < 0.05) in FD-men and FD-women than in D-men and D-women. However, relative delta change in VO2peak was 21 +/- 14% in FD-women, which was greater (P < 0.05) than in FD-men (11 +/- 12%). Reduction in SBP and DBP, respectively, was similar in FD-men (- 10.8 +/- 13.0 and - 7.3 +/- 11.8 mmHg) and FD-women (- 11.3 +/- 11.0 and - 7.1 +/- 6.2 mmHg), with within-gender differences for men. Total plasma cholesterol and LDL cholesterol decreased (P < 0.05) by - 0.7 +/- 1.1 and - 0.5 +/- 0.9 mmol L-1, respectively, in FD-women and - 0.2 +/- 0.4 and - 0.2 +/- 0.3 mmol L-1 in FD-men, with no significant gender differences (P = 0.08). Body fat content was lowered (P < 0.05) by 3 and 4%-points in FD-men and FD-women, respectively. Conclusion Gender-mixed football training combined with dietary advice causes broad-spectrum health effects for men and women with prediabetes, with minor gender-specific differences. Thus, the intensity and training-induced effects of football training are also high for elderly women with prediabetes.
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| 3. |
- Skoradal, M. B., et al.
(författare)
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Football training improves metabolic and cardiovascular health status in 55-to 70-year-old women and men with prediabetes
- 2018
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. - : Wiley. - 0905-7188. ; 28, s. 42-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examined the effects of 16 weeks of football training and dietary advice on blood glucose control and health status in 55- to 70-year-old women and men with prediabetes. Fifty participants with prediabetes (age; 61 +/- 6 years, BMI; 29.6 +/- 4.7; VO2max 22.3 +/- 5.7 mL.min(-1).kg(-1)) were randomized into a football and dietary ad- vice group (F+D; n = 27) and a dietary advice group (D; n = 23). F+D performed football training (twice weekly 30- to 60-minutes sessions) and received dietary advice, while D only received dietary advice. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was completed pre and post the 16-week period. Body composition, blood pressure, and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) were additionally measured. Both groups demonstrated a decrement (P < .05) in fasting blood glucose (-0.4 +/- 0.5 mmol.L-1) and lowered blood glucose throughout OGTT. F+D displayed lower values than D (P < .05) after 60 minutes (9.0 +/- 2.7 vs 10.6 +/- 2.9 mmol.L-1) and 120 minutes (5.7 +/- 1.6 vs 7.5 +/- 2.4 mmol.L-1). VO(2max )increased by 14% in F+D, with a higher (P < .05) change score than in D (2%). Mean arterial pressure declined more (P < .05) in F+D than in D (-8 +/- 9 vs -4 +/- 11 mm Hg). Fat loss was greater (P < .05) in F+D than in D (-3.4 +/- 2.8 vs -1.2 +/- 2.0 kg), and the increase in lean body mass was also greater (P < .05) in F+D than in D (0.7 +/- 1.5 vs -0.3 +/- 1.6 kg). In conclusion, football training combined with dietary advice has broad-spectrum effects on metabolic and cardiovascular health profile with greater overall effects than professional dietary advice per se for 55- to 70-year-old women and men with prediabetes.
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| 4. |
- Skoradal, M. B., et al.
(författare)
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Osteogenic impact of football training in 55-to 70-year-old women and men with prediabetes
- 2018
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. - : Wiley. - 0905-7188. ; 28, s. 52-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of football training on bone health were examined in 55- to 70-year-old sedentary women and men with prediabetes. Patients (n = 50) with prediabetes (age; 61 +/- 9 years, BMI 29.7 +/- 0.6 kg/m(2), body fat content; 37 +/- 1%, VO2max; 22.7 +/- 0.8 mL/min/kg and mean arterial pressure; 104 +/- 3 mm Hg) were randomized into a football training group (FTG; n = 27, 14 women) and a control group (CON; n = 23, 11 women). At baseline, 73% and 24% were diagnosed with femur osteopenia and osteoporosis, respectively. FTG performed football training twice weekly 30-60-minute sessions in 16 weeks, and both FTG and CON received professional dietary advice. Pre- and post-intervention whole-body and regional bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) were determined with DXA-scans, and venous blood samples were drawn and analyzed for plasma bone turnover markers. Change scores were greater (P < 0.05) in FTG compared to CON in leg BMD (0.023 +/- 0.005 vs -0.004 +/- 0.001 g/cm(2)) and in leg BMC (32 +/- 8 vs -4 +/- 6 g). Between-group changes in favor of FTG (P < 0.05) also occurred in the femur neck BMD (3.2%) and femur shaft BMD) (2.5%). Whole-body BMC and BMD were unchanged in both groups during the intervention. In FTG, resting plasma osteocalcin, P1NP, and CTX-1 rose (P < 0.05) by 23 +/- 8, 52 +/- 9 and 38 +/- 7%, with greater change scores (P < 0.05) than in CON. Finally, P1NP (formation)/CTX-1 (resorption) ratio increased (P < 0.05) in FTG (127 +/- 15 vs 150 +/- 11) from pre- to post-intervention, with no change in CON (124 +/- 12 and 123 +/- 12). In conclusion, football training provides a powerful osteogenic stimulus and improves bone health in 55- to 70-year-old women and men diagnosed with prediabetes.
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| 5. |
- Krustrup, P., et al.
(författare)
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Sodium bicarbonate intake improves high-intensity intermittent exercise performance in trained young men
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1550-2783. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Sodium bicarbonate intake has been shown to improve exercise tolerance, but the effects on high-intensity intermittent exercise are less clear. Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine the effect of sodium bicarbonate intake on Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 2 performance in trained young men. Method: Thirteen men aged 23 +/- 1 year (height: 180 +/- 2 cm, weight: 78 +/- 3 kg; VO(2)max: 61.3 +/- 3.3 mlO(2).kg(-1).min(-1); means +/- SEM) performed the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 2 (Yo-Yo IR2) on two separate occasions in randomized order with (SBC) and without (CON) prior intake of sodium bicarbonate (0.4 g.kg(-1) body weight). Heart rate and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured during the test and venous blood samples were taken frequently. Results: Yo-Yo IR2 performance was 14 % higher (P = 0.04) in SBC than in CON (735 +/- 61 vs 646 +/- 46 m, respectively). Blood pH and bicarbonate were similar between trials at baseline, but higher (P = 0.003) immediately prior to the Yo-Yo IR2 test in SBC than in CON (7.44 +/- 0.01 vs 7.32 +/- 0.01 and 33.7 +/- 3.2 vs 27.3 +/- 0.6 mmol.l(-1), respectively). Blood lactate was 0.9 +/- 0.1 and 0.8 +/- 0.1 mmol.l(-1) at baseline and increased to 11.3 +/- 1.4 and 9.4 +/- 0.8 mmoL.l(-1) at exhaustion in SBC and CON, respectively, being higher (P = 0.03) in SBC. Additionally, peak blood lactate was higher (P = 0.02) in SBC than in CON (11.7 +/- 1.2 vs 10.2 +/- 0.7 mmol.l(-1)). Blood glucose, plasma K+ and Na+ were not different between trials. Peak heart rate reached at exhaustion was 197 +/- 3 and 195 +/- 3 bpm in SBC and CON, respectively, with no difference between conditions. RPE was 7 % lower (P = 0.003) in SBC than in CON after 440 m, but similar at exhaustion (19.3 +/- 0.2 and 19.5 +/- 0.2). Conclusion: In conclusion, high-intensity intermittent exercise performance is improved by prior intake of sodium bicarbonate in trained young men, with concomitant elevations in blood alkalosis and peak blood lactate levels, as well as lowered rating of perceived exertion.
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| 6. |
- Krustrup, P., et al.
(författare)
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Broad-spectrum health improvements with one year of soccer training in inactive mildly hypertensive middle-aged women
- 2017
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. - : Wiley. - 0905-7188. ; 27:12, s. 1893-1901
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study tested the hypothesis that long-term soccer training has positive impact on cardiovascular profile, body composition, bone health, and physical capacity in inactive, pre-menopausal women with mild hypertension. The study applied a randomized controlled design in which physically inactive middle-aged women were separated into a soccer training group (n=19; SOC) and a control group (n=12; CON). SOC performed 128 +/- 29 (+/- SD) one-h small-sided soccer training sessions over one year. Blood pressure, body composition, blood lipid profile, and fitness level were determined pre- and post-intervention. Over one year, mean arterial pressure decreased more in SOC than in CON (-5 +/- 7 vs +4 +/- 5mmHg; P<.05). Total-body fat mass decreased more (P<.05) in SOC than in CON (-2.5 +/- 2.5 vs +0.6 +/- 3.2kg; P<.05), while the change scores for lean body mass were not significantly different in SOC (2.6 +/- 2.7kg) compared to CON (1.1 +/- 1.9kg, P=.09). Over one year, change scores in whole-body bone mineral density (0.004 +/- 0.032 vs -0.019 +/- 0.026gcm2) as well as bone mineral content (30 +/- 70 vs -39 +/- 113g) were positive in SOC compared to CON (P<.05). Post-intervention plasma triglycerides decreased more (-0.1 +/- 0.7 vs +0.2 +/- 0.2mmolL-1) and HDL cholesterol increased more (0.2 +/- 0.7 vs -0.2 +/- 0.2mmolL-1) in SOC than in CON (P<.05). Yo-Yo intermittent endurance level 1 (122 +/- 105 vs 2 +/- 21%) and 20-m sprint performance (6 +/- 6 vs -1 +/- 2%) increased more (P<.05) in SOC than in CON. In conclusion, long-term soccer training resulted in broad-spectrum improvements in the health profile of untrained, pre-menopausal women with mild hypertension, including cardiovascular, metabolic, and musculo-skeletal benefits.
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| 7. |
- Pettersen, S. A., et al.
(författare)
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Caffeine supplementation does not affect match activities and fatigue resistance during match play in young football players
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Sports Sciences. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0264-0414 .- 1466-447X. ; 32:20, s. 1958-1965
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study examined the effect of caffeine supplementation on match activities and development of fatigue during a football match. In a randomised, double-blind cross-over design, two experimental football games separated by 7days were organised between the junior teams of two professional football clubs (17.6 +/- 1.1years (+/- s), 71.7 +/- 6.9kg, 13.9%+/- 5.0% body fat). The players ingested either a capsule of 6mg center dot kg(-1)b.w. caffeine or placebo (dextrose) 65min prior to the matches. Match activities were assessed using the ZXY match analysis system, and a Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test-level 2 (Yo-Yo IR2) was conducted immediately post-game. Heart rate was monitored throughout the game, and blood samples were obtained at baseline, half-time and after the game. There were no differences between caffeine and placebo regarding total distance covered (10,062 +/- 916 vs 9854 +/- 901m), high-intensity running (557 +/- 178 vs 642 +/- 240m), sprinting distance (109 +/- 58 vs 112 +/- 69m) or acceleration counts (123 +/- 31 vs 126 +/- 24). In both trials, players displayed lower (P<0.05) values in total distance and acceleration counts in the last 15min compared to all other 15-min periods of the matches. Post-game Yo-Yo IR2 performance was not different between game trials (caffeine: 829 +/- 322m; placebo 819 +/- 289m). In conclusion, oral caffeine administration does not appear to have an ergogenic effect in young football players during match play.
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| 8. |
- Purkhus, E., et al.
(författare)
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HIGH-INTENSITY TRAINING IMPROVES EXERCISE PERFORMANCE IN ELITE WOMEN VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS DURING A COMPETITIVE SEASON
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1064-8011. ; 30:11, s. 3066-3072
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Elite women volleyball players (n = 25; mean +/- SD: age, 19 +/- 5 years; height, 171 +/- 7 cm; weight, 63 +/- 10 kg) volunteered to participate in the study. They were randomized into a high-intensity training (HIT; n = 13) group and a control (CON; n = 12) group. In addition to the normal team training and games, HIT performed 6-10 x 30-seconds all-out running intervals separated by 3-minute recovery periods 3 times per week during a 4-week in-season period whereas CON only completed the team training sessions and games. Preintervention and postintervention, all players completed the arrowhead agility test (AAT), a repeated sprint test (RST; 5 x 30 meters separated by 25 seconds of recovery), and the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery level 2 test (Yo-Yo IR2) followed by a-10 minute rest period and the Yo-Yo IR1 test. Mean running distance during HIT in week 1 was 152 +/- 4 m and increased (p <= 0.05) by 4.6% (159 +/- 3 m) in week 4. The AAT performance improved (p <= 0.05) by 2.3% (18.87 6 0.97-18.44 +/- 1.06 seconds) and RST by 4.3% postintervention in the HIT group only. Baseline RST fatigue index was 7.0 +/- 2.9 and 6.2 +/- 5.0% in HIT and CON, respectively, but was lowered (p <= 0.05) to 2.7 +/- 3.0% posttraining in HIT and remained unaltered in CON (5.5 +/- 5.0%). In HIT, Yo-Yo IR2 and Yo-Yo IR1 performance improved by 12.6 and 18.3% postintervention, respectively, with greater (p <= 0.05) Yo-yo IR1 change scores than in CON. In conclusion, additional high-intensity in-season training performed as interval running improved agility, repeated sprint ability, and high-intensity intermittent exercise performance in elite women volleyball players.
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| 9. |
- Connolly, L. J., et al.
(författare)
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Low-volume high-intensity swim training is superior to high-volume low-intensity training in relation to insulin sensitivity and glucose control in inactive middle-aged women
- 2016
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Ingår i: European Journal of Applied Physiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1439-6319 .- 1439-6327. ; 116:10, s. 1889-1897
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We tested the hypothesis that low-volume high-intensity swimming has a larger impact on insulin sensitivity and glucose control than high-volume low-intensity swimming in inactive premenopausal women with mild hypertension. Sixty-two untrained premenopausal women were randomised to an inactive control (n = 20; CON), a high-intensity low-volume (n = 21; HIT) or a low-intensity high-volume (n = 21; LIT) training group. During the 15-week intervention period, HIT performed 3 weekly 6-10 x 30-s all-out swimming intervals (average heart rate (HR) = 86 +/- 3 % HRmax) interspersed by 2-min recovery periods and LIT swam continuously for 1 h at low intensity (average HR = 73 +/- 3 % HRmax). Fasting blood samples were taken and an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was conducted pre- and post-intervention. After HIT, resting plasma [insulin] was lowered (17 +/- 34 %; P < 0.05) but remained similar after LIT and CON. Following HIT, 60-min OGTT plasma [insulin] and [glucose] was lowered (24 +/- 30 % and 10 +/- 16 %; P < 0.05) but remained similar after LIT and CON. Total area under the curve for plasma [glucose] was lower (P < 0.05) after HIT than LIT (660 +/- 141 vs. 860 +/- 325 mmol min L-1). Insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IR) had increased (P < 0.05) by 22 +/- 34 % after HIT, with no significant change after LIT or CON, respectively. Plasma soluble intracellular cell adhesion molecule 1 was lowered (P < 0.05) by 4 +/- 8 and 3 +/- 9 % after HIT and CON, respectively, while plasma soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 had decreased (P < 0.05) by 8 +/- 23 % after HIT only. These findings suggest that low-volume high-intensity intermittent swimming is an effective and time-efficient training strategy for improving insulin sensitivity, glucose control and biomarkers of vascular function in inactive, middle-aged mildly hypertensive women.
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| 10. |
- Skoradal, M. B., et al.
(författare)
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"FIFA 11 for Health" for Europe in the Faroe Islands: Effects on health markers and physical fitness in 10-to 12-year-old schoolchildren
- 2018
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. - : Wiley. - 0905-7188. ; 28, s. 8-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We evaluated effects of the school-based intervention "FIFA 11 for Health - for Europe on health and fitness profile in 10- to 12-year-old Faroese schoolchildren. 392 fifth-grade children were randomized into a control group (CG: n = 100, 11.1 +/- 0.3 years, 149.0 +/- 6.7 cm, 42.4 +/- 10.2 kg) and an intervention group (IG: n = 292, 11.1 +/- 0.3 years, 150.6 +/- 6.9 cm, 44.2 +/- 9.4 kg). IG underwent an 11week intervention in which 2 weekly sessions of 45 minutes were included in the school curriculum focusing on health aspects, football skills, and 3v3 small-sided games. CG continued with their regular activities. Body composition, blood pressure, and resting heart rate, as well as Yo-Yo intermittent recovery children's test (YYIR1C) performance, horizontal jumping ability and postural balance were assessed pre and post intervention. Systolic blood pressure decreased more (-2.8 +/- 9.9 vs 2.9 +/- 8.4 mm Hg, P < .05) in IG than in CG. Lean body mass (1.0 +/- 1.7 vs 0.7 +/- 1.6 kg), postural balance (0.3 +/- 3.9 vs -1.2 +/- 5.9 seconds) and horizontal jump performance (5 +/- 9 vs -5 +/- 10 cm) increased more (P < .05) in IG than in CG. YYIR1C performance improved in CG (17%, 625 +/- 423 to 730 +/- 565 m) and IG (18%, 689 +/- 412 vs 813 +/- 391 m), but without between-group differences. A within-group decrease from 23.1 +/- 8.4 to 22.5 +/- 8.3% (P < .05) was observed in body fat percentage in IG only. In conclusion, the "FIFA 11 for Health" for Europe program had beneficial effects on SBF, body composition, jump performance and postural balance in 10- to 12-year-old Faroese schoolchildren, supporting the notion that school-based football interventions can facilitate health of children in a small-scale society and serve as an early step in the prevention of non-communicable diseases.
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