| 1. |
- Amundin, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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A proposal to use distributional models to analyse dolphin vocalisation
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Vocal Interactivity in-and-between Humans, Animals and Robots, VIHAR 2017. - 9782956202905 ; , s. 31-32
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper gives a brief introduction to the starting points of an experimental project to study dolphin communicative behaviour using distributional semantics, with methods implemented for the large scale study of human language.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Söderström, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Weekday and weekend patterns of diurnal cortisol, activation and fatigue among people scoring high for burnout
- 2006
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Ingår i: SJWEH Supplements. - 1795-9926 .- 1795-9918. ; :2, s. 35-40:2, s. 35-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives The present pilot study attempted to investigate the diurnal pattern of cortisol, subjective activation, and mental fatigue among workers scoring high for burnout. The purpose was also to relate the cortisol data to objective sleep data.Methods One group with high (N=9) burnout scores and one with low (N=11) such scores were compared during a workday and a day off.Results The high-burnout group showed higher awakening cortisol during the workday than during the weekend. They also showed higher ratings for activation and mental fatigue during the weekend than the low-burnout group. A higher frequency of arousals during the prior sleep was associated with a higher diurnal amplitude and an earlier diurnal peak of cortisol during the workday.Conclusions The present results, which, due to the small sample size, should be interpreted with caution, may indicate that stress-induced frequency of arousal during sleep could contribute to the diurnal amplitude of cortisol. Furthermore, increased activation and mental fatigue during the weekend may reflect impaired recovery, which is of possible importance in the burnout process.
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| 4. |
- Fredenberg, Erik, 1979-
(författare)
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Spectral Mammography with X-Ray Optics and a Photon-Counting Detector
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Early detection is vital to successfully treating breast cancer, and mammography screening is the most efficient and wide-spread method to reach this goal. Imaging low-contrast targets, while minimizing the radiation exposure to a large population is, however, a major challenge. Optimizing the image quality per unit radiation dose is therefore essential. In this thesis, two optimization schemes with respect to x-ray photon energy have been investigated: filtering the incident spectrum with refractive x-ray optics (spectral shaping), and utilizing the transmitted spectrum with energy-resolved photon-counting detectors (spectral imaging). Two types of x-ray lenses were experimentally characterized, and modeled using ray tracing, field propagation, and geometrical optics. Spectral shaping reduced dose approximately 20% compared to an absorption-filtered reference system with the same signal-to-noise ratio, scan time, and spatial resolution. In addition, a focusing pre-object collimator based on the same type of optics reduced divergence of the radiation and improved photon economy by about 50%. A photon-counting silicon detector was investigated in terms of energy resolution and its feasibility for spectral imaging. Contrast-enhanced tumor imaging with a system based on the detector was characterized and optimized with a model that took anatomical noise into account. Improvement in an ideal-observer detectability index by a factor of 2 to 8 over that obtained by conventional absorption imaging was found for different levels of anatomical noise and breast density. Increased conspicuity was confirmed by experiment. Further, the model was extended to include imaging of unenhanced lesions. Detectability of microcalcifications increased no more than a few percent, whereas the ability to detect large tumors might improve on the order of 50% despite the low attenuation difference between glandular and cancerous tissue. It is clear that inclusion of anatomical noise and imaging task in spectral optimization may yield completely different results than an analysis based solely on quantum noise.
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| 5. |
- Rhen, Ida-Märta, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Inter- and intra-rater reliability of the OCRA checklist method in video-recorded manual work tasks
- 2020
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Ingår i: Applied Ergonomics. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0003-6870 .- 1872-9126. ; 84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Observation-based risk assessments are often used for evaluation of biomechanical workload and the condition of the workplace ergonomics. However, the inter- and intra-rater reliability of the methods used for the assessments are insufficiently studied. The OCRA checklist method, included as a reference method in the ISO and CEN standards regarding upper limb repetitive risk assessment, was in this study investigated regarding its reliability. Eleven ergonomists were educated within the method. Each ergonomist risk-assessed ten video-recorded manual work tasks, on two occasions. The average inter-rater agreement of the five overall risk levels was 39% and the linearly weighted kappa was 0.43, the intra-rater dittos were 45% and 0.52. Both indicating a moderate reliability, but lower than what could be expected. The levels might be sufficient for coarse surveys. However, for risk assessments before and after an intervention, complementing technical methods should be considered.
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| 6. |
- Roswall, Josefine, et al.
(författare)
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Developmental trajectory of the healthy human gut microbiota during the first 5 years of life
- 2021
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Ingår i: Cell Host & Microbe. - : Elsevier BV. - 1931-3128 .- 1934-6069. ; 29:5, s. 765-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The gut is inhabited by a densely populated ecosystem, the gut microbiota, that is established at birth. However, the succession by which different bacteria are incorporated into the gut microbiota is still relatively unknown. Here, we analyze the microbiota from 471 Swedish children followed from birth to 5 years of age, collecting samples after 4 and 12 months and at 3 and 5 years of age as well as from their mothers at birth using 16S rRNA gene profiling. We also compare their microbiota to an adult Swedish population. Genera follow 4 different colonization patterns during establishment where Methanobrevibacter and Christensenellaceae colonize late and do not reached adult levels at 5 years. These late colonizers correlate with increased alpha diversity in both children and adults. By following the children through age-specific community types, we observe that children have individual dynamics in the gut microbiota development trajectory.
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| 7. |
- Frennert, Susanne, PhD, et al.
(författare)
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How Do Older People Think and Feel About Robots in Health- and Elderly Care?
- 2019
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Ingår i: Inclusive Robotics for a Better Society. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783030240745 - 9783030240738 ; , s. 167-174
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This extended abstract is a report on older people’s perception of interactive robots in health- and elderly care. A series of focus groups was conducted. In total 31 older people participated. The majority of the participants viewed interactive robots in health- and elderly care as an asset but they also voiced concerns regarding reliability, practical handling, costs and fear of mechanical care.
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| 8. |
- Lo Martire, Riccardo, et al.
(författare)
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Construction of a web-based questionnaire for longitudinal investigation of work exposure, musculoskeletal pain and performance impairments in high-performance marine craft populations
- 2017
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 7:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: High-performance marine craft personnel (HPMCP) are regularly exposed to vibration and repeated shock (VRS) levels exceeding maximum limitations stated by international legislation. Whereas such exposure reportedly is detrimental to health and performance, the epidemiological data necessary to link these adverse effects causally to VRS are not available in the scientific literature, and no suitable tools for acquiring such data exist. This study therefore constructed a questionnaire for longitudinal investigations in HPMCP.METHODS: A consensus panel defined content domains, identified relevant items and outlined a questionnaire. The relevance and simplicity of the questionnaire's content were then systematically assessed by expert raters in three consecutive stages, each followed by revisions. An item-level content validity index (I-CVI) was computed as the proportion of experts rating an item as relevant and simple, and a scale-level content validity index (S-CVI/Ave) as the average I-CVI across items. The thresholds for acceptable content validity were 0.78 and 0.90, respectively. Finally, a dynamic web version of the questionnaire was constructed and pilot tested over a 1-month period during a marine exercise in a study population sample of eight subjects, while accelerometers simultaneously quantified VRS exposure.RESULTS: Content domains were defined as work exposure, musculoskeletal pain and human performance, and items were selected to reflect these constructs. Ratings from nine experts yielded S-CVI/Ave of 0.97 and 1.00 for relevance and simplicity, respectively, and the pilot test suggested that responses were sensitive to change in acceleration and that the questionnaire, following some adjustments, was feasible for its intended purpose.CONCLUSIONS: A dynamic web-based questionnaire for longitudinal survey of key variables in HPMCP was constructed. Expert ratings supported that the questionnaire content is relevant, simple and sufficiently comprehensive, and the pilot test suggested that the questionnaire is feasible for longitudinal measurements in the study population.
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| 9. |
- Chilo, José, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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A flexible electronic nose for odor discrimination using different methods of classification
- 2009
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Ingår i: 2009 16th IEEE-NPSS Real Time Conference - Conference Record. - New York : IEEE. - 9781424444557 ; , s. 317-320, s. 317-320
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ovarian cancer is one of the leading causes of death from cancer in women. The lifetime risk is around 1.5%, which makes it the second most common gynecologic malignancy (the first one being breast cancer). To have a definitive diagnose, a surgical procedure is generally required and suspicious areas (samples) will be removed and sent for microscopic and other analysis. This paper describes the result of a pilot study in which an electronic nose is used to "smell" the aforementioned samples, analyze the multi-sensor signals and have a close to real-time answer on the detection of cancer. Besides being fast, the detection method is inexpensive and simple. Experimental analysis using real ovarian carcinoma samples shows that the use of proper algorithms for analysis of the multi-sensor data from the electronic nose yielded surprisingly good results with more than 77% classification rate. The electronic nose used in this pilot study was originally developed to be used as a "bomb dog" and can distinguish between e.g. TNT, Dynamex, Prillit. However, it was constructed to be a flexible multi-sensor device and the individual (16) sensors can easily be replaced/exchanged. This is suggestive for further investigations to obtain even better results with new, specific sensors. In another pilot experiment, headspace of an ovarian carcinoma sample and a control sample were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Significant differences in chemical composition and compound levels were recorded, which would explain the different response obtained with the electronic nose.
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| 10. |
- Neumann, W. Patrick, et al.
(författare)
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Innovation and employee injury risk in automotive disassembly operations
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Production Research. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0020-7543 .- 1366-588X. ; 56:9, s. 3188-3203
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Engineering innovations in car disassembly systems are studied for affects on system operators’ risk of repetitive strain injury (RSI). Objective instrumented measures of injury risk factors with synchronized video-based task analyses were used to examine changes in operators’ RSI risk during two cases of engineering innovation: 1) a shift in industrial model from traditional extracting saleable parts to line-based full material recovery, and 2) the prospective effects of a simulated “Lean” inspired process improvement in the line system.Both cases of innovation showed significantly increased movement speeds and reduced muscular recovery opportunities, implying increased RSI risk. This case study reveals a mechanism by which innovation may increase RSI risks for operators. Managers responsible for engineering innovation should ensure their teams have the tools and mandate necessary to control injury hazards as part of the development and design process. These cases suggest how failure to manage RSI hazards in the innovation process may allow increases of injury risks that can compromise operational performance. This “innovation pitfall” has implications for operator health and organizational sustainability. Alternative pathways are discussed.
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