1.
Amundin, Mats, et al.
(författare)
A proposal to use distributional models to analyse dolphin vocalisation
2017
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Vocal Interactivity in-and-between Humans, Animals and Robots, VIHAR 2017. - 9782956202905 ; , s. 31-32
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat) abstract
This paper gives a brief introduction to the starting points of an experimental project to study dolphin communicative behaviour using distributional semantics, with methods implemented for the large scale study of human language.
2.
Schötz, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
Phonetic Characteristics of Domestic Cat Vocalisations
2017
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Vocal Interactivity in-and-between Humans, Animals and Robots, VIHAR 2017. - 9782956202905 ; , s. 5-6
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat) abstract
The cat (Felis catus, Linneaus 1758) has lived around or with humans for at least 10,000 years, and is now one of the most popular pets of the world with more than 600 millionindividuals. Domestic cats have developed a more extensive, variable and complex vocal repertoire than most other members of the Carnivora, which may be explained by their social organisation, their nocturnal activity and the long period of association between mother and young. Still, we know surprisingly little about the phonetic characteristics of these sounds, and about the interaction between cats and humans.Members of the research project Melody in human–cat communication (Meowsic) investigate the prosodic characteristics of cat vocalisations as well as the communication between human and cat. The first step includes a categorisation of cat vocalisations. In the next step it will be investigated how humans perceive the vocal signals of domestic cats. This paper presents an outline of the project which has only recently started.
3.
Posthumanistiska nyckelstexter
2012. - 1
Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat) abstract
Den här boken introducerar några viktiga författare på samtidsaktuella teoriområden. Donna Haraway, Karen Barad, Rosi Braidotti, Michel Callon, Gilles Deleuze, Félix Guattari, Michel Serres och Annemarie Mol presenteras i boken, som också innehåller översatta texter av dessa namn. Boken ger en bakgrund till och en överblick över ett område i intensiv teoriutveckling. Här presenteras den så kallade materiella, posthumana eller ontologiska vändningen. Här kartläggs grunderna för olika posthumanistiska förhållningssätt till de både mänskliga och icke-mänskliga (djur, miljö, teknik) krafterna i vår värld så som de begreppsliggjorts inom filosofi, feministisk teori, kulturstudier och samhällsvetenskapliga studier av naturvetenskap, medicin och teknik. Genom lästips och en omfattande litteraturlista öppnar boken för fortsatta studier och vidare diskussioner. Avslutningsvis finns också en omfattande ordlista med viktiga nyckelbegrepp som i sig ger en introduktion till ett heterogent forskningsfält. Boken riktar sig till studenter, doktorander och andra nyfikna forskare inom olika tvärvetenskapliga eller disciplinära former av humaniora och samhällsvetenskap.POSTHUMANISTISKA NYCKELTEXTER ger i de inledande kapitlen en överblick och en introduktion till posthumanistiska studier och till materiell-semiotik. Här behandlas tankeströmningar som rör det humanas natur, humanismens etik och humanvetenskapernas framtid. Boken ger en introduktion till det som inom genusvetenskap och tekniksociologi kommit att kallas den ontologiska vändningen mot de materiaaliteter och världsliga relationer som både gör och förgör oss. Här kartläggs grunderna för posthumanistiska förhållningssätt till de både mänskliga och icke-mänskliga (djur, miljö, teknik) dimensionerna av vår värld så som de begreppsliggjorts inom filosofi, feministisk teori, kulturstudier och sociala studier av vetenskap och teknik. POSTHUMANISTISKA NYCKELTEXTER erbjuder introduktioner till viktiga författare och översättningar av nyckeltexter skrivna av Donna Haraway, Karen Barad, Rosi Braidotti, Michel Callon, Gilles Deleuze med Felix Guattari, Michel Serres och Annemarie Mol. Boken innehåller även en omfattande ordlista med viktiga nyckelbegrepp som i sig ger en introduktion till ett mångfaldigt forskningsfält.
4.
Petersson, Jesper, 1974
(författare)
Medicine At A Distance In Sweden: Spatiotemporal Matters In Accomplishing Working Telemedicine
2011
Ingår i: Science Studies. - 0786-3012. ; 24:2, s. 43-62
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
This paper examines the accomplishment of making technology work, using the discourse around telemedicine in Swedish healthcare during 1994-2003. The paper will compare four projects launched in the mid-1990s and policymakers’ visions of healthcare through telemedicine. I will employ a sociotechnical approach developed within Actor-Network Theory that understands functioning technology not as something intrinsic but as an outcome of an ongoing process of negotiations. In the paper, I will extend the sociotechnical approach of what constitutes working technology to include spatiotemporal matters. I will also approach the closely related issue of space that has become a concern of Actor-Network Theory scholars interested in the accomplishment and continued workings of technology as it travels. In this discussion, an emphasis on fixed relations (network space) has been challenged by investigations into changing relations (fluid space). This paper suggests that in order to travel well, technology must be both fixed and fluid.⁰
5.
Petersson, Jesper, 1974, et al.
(författare)
Off the record: The invisibility work of doctors in a patient-accessible electronic health record information service.
2021
Ingår i: Sociology of health & illness. - : Wiley. - 1467-9566 .- 0141-9889. ; 43:5, s. 1270-1285
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
In this article, we draw on Michael Lipsky's work on street-level bureaucrats and discretion to analyse a real case setting comprising an interview study of 30 Swedish doctors regarding their experiences of changes in clinical work following patients being given access to medical records information online. We introduce the notion of invisibility work to capture how doctors exercise discretion to preserve the invisibility of their work, in contrast to the well-established notion of invisible work, which denotes work made invisible by parties other than those performing it. We discuss three main forms of invisibility work in relation to records: omitting information, cryptic writing and parallel note writing. We argue that invisibility work is a way for doctors to resolve professional tensions arising from the political decision to provide patients with online access to record information. Although invisibility work is understood by doctors as a solution to government-initiated visibility, we highlight how it can create difficulties for doctors concerning accountability towards patients, peers and authorities.
6.
7.
Munthe, Christian, 1962
(författare)
Etiska aspekter på regenerativ medicin : Ethical aspects on regenerative medicine
2003
Ingår i: SNIB-konferensen 2003, Chalmers tekniska högskola, Göteborg, 16-18 maj 2003.
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt) abstract
Inom den regenerativa medicinen strävar man efter att ersätta skadat eller sjukligt biologiskt mänskligt material (celler, organ, kroppsdelar) med nya biologiska komponenter. Området aktualiserar en rad etiska frågeställningar vad gäller (1) produktionen av ersättningsmaterialet (t.ex. embryonala stamceller eller införskaffande av transplantationsvävnad från donatorer), (2) risker i samband med försök på människa (genmodifierat material, material från djur), samt (3) gränserna för hur långt man bör gå i denna slags försök att förlänga människans livsspann. Föredraget ger en kort översikt över dessa frågeställningar, ståndpunkter och argument i debatten kring dem.
8.
Cutas, Daniela, 1978, et al.
(författare)
Legal imperialism in the regulation of stem cell research and therapy: the problem of extraterritorial jurisdiction
2010
Ingår i: Capps BJ & Campbell AV (eds.). CONTESTED CELLS: Global Perspectives on the Stem Cell Debate. - London : Imperial College Press. - 9781848164376 ; , s. 95-119
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt) abstract
Countries worldwide have very different national regulations on human embryonic stem (ES) cell research, informed by a range of ethical values. Some countries find reason to extend the applicability of their regulations on such research to its citizens when they visit other countries. Extraterritorial jurisdiction has recently been identified as a potential challenge towards global regulation of ES cell research. This chapter explores the implications and impact of extraterritorial jurisdiction and global regulation of ES cell research on researchers, clinicians and national health systems, and how this may affect patients. The authors argue that it would make ethical sense for ES cell restrictive countries to extend its regulations on ES cell research beyond its borders, because, if these countries really consider embryo destruction to be objectionable on the basis on the status of the embryo, then they ought to count it morally on par with murder (and thus have a moral imperative to protect embryos from the actions of its own citizens). However, doing so could lead to a legal situation that would result in substantial harm to central values in areas besides research, such as health care, the job market, basic freedom of movement, and strategic international finance and politics. Thus, it seems that restrictive extraterritorial jurisdiction in respect to ES cell research would be deeply problematic, given that the ethical permissibility of ES cell research is characterised by deep and wide disagreement.
9.
Munthe, Christian, 1962
(författare)
The Price of Precaution and the Ethics of Risk
2011
Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt) abstract
Since a couple of decades, the notion of a precautionary principle plays a central and increasingly influential role in international as well as national policy and regulation regarding the environment and the use of technology. Urging society to take action in the face of potential risks of human activities in these areas, the recent focus on climate change has further sharpened the importance of this idea. However, the idea of a precautionary principle has also been problematised and criticised by scientists, scholars and policy activists, and been accused of almost every intellectual sin imaginable: unclarity, impracticality, arbitrariness and moral as well as political unsoundness. In that light, the very idea of precaution as an ideal for policy making rather comes out as a dead end. On the basis of these contrasting starting points, Christian Munthe undertakes an innovative, in-depth philosophical analysis of what the idea of a precautionary principle is and should be about. A novel theory of the ethics of imposing risks is developed and used as a foundation for defending the idea of precaution in environmental and technological policy making against its critics, while at the same time avoiding a number of identified flaws. The theory is shown to have far-reaching consequences for areas such as bio-, information- and nuclear technology, and global environmental policy in areas such as climate change. The author argues that, while the price we pay for precaution must not be too high, we have to be prepared to pay it in order to act ethically defensible. A number of practical suggestions for precautionary regulation and policy making are made on the basis of this, and some challenges to basic ethical theory as well as consumerist societies, the global political order and liberal democracy are identified
10.
Masterton, Malin, 1979-, et al.
(redaktör/utgivare, creator_code:cre_t)
ORU2015 Örebro University Research Evaluation 2015 : Evaluation Report
2015
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt) abstract
ORU2015 – Executive SummaryDuring 2015, all research performed from 2008 to 2014 at Örebro University, as well as research at Örebro University Hospital, has been evaluated. This report – ORU2015 – presents the background, planning and implementation of the research assessment and its results. Chapter I includes the panel evaluations, and chapter II presents the bibliometric data. Of the 38 subunits of evaluation, 8 are within the Faculty of Business, Science and Engineering, 17 are within the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, 7 within the Faculty of Medicine and Health, and 6 at Region Örebro County’s University Hospital. The evaluation had a meta-analytical approach (see Annex A), and the external multidisciplinary panel assessed the research in each subunit of evaluation (see Annex B). The panel’s evaluation material consisted of a research overview, documentation on academic staff and competence, as well as on funding, self-evaluations and bibliometric data. The self-evaluations by each subunit addressed (i) scientific quality and scientific impact, (ii) impact and outreach, (iii) internationalisation, and (iv) research – education interaction. Each overarching evaluation unit was also assessed, including a SWOT analysis, by the respective heads of schools and deans. Apart from the self-evaluations, the material was retrieved from the university databases, Web of Science and Academic Archive Online (DiVA). The subunits had the opportunity to update their research information for the research overview prior to making the material available to the panel. The fourteen panellists, representing economics, natural sciences and technology, humanities, social sciences, medicine and health sciences, met for two days in October at Örebro University for the evaluation discussions. The agreed evaluation statements were delivered shortly thereafter. The great variability in the subunits’ scientific practices, scale, and establishment had to be accounted for in the panel evaluations. The evaluation subunits range from very large (up to 60 researchers), to medium sized (about 20 researchers), and to quite small subunits (fewer than nine researchers). The points of reference for the panel’s statements were the (i) quality of research, (ii) research environment and infrastructure, (iii) scientific and social interaction and (iv) future potential. Gradings ranged between Excellent (5) and Insufficient (1). The key data in the bibliometric assessment was scientific impact, vitality, productivity and international visibility, as indicated by the publications of each subunit. It can be seen from the panel statement of a subunit and the matching bibliometric data that these two assessments correspond to a large extent, but not completely.It is concluded from the panel evaluation that there are Excellent (5), Very Good (4), Good (3), Sufficient (2), as well as Insufficient (1) subunits at the university. A majority of the fourteen subunits that performed well (grade 3 – 5) are medium-sized, whilst the majority of the sixteen weakly performing subunits (grade 1 – 2) are small in size. Of course, for the humanities and social sciences, the Web of Science data only contains output to a limited degree. Therefore data from DiVA has been used and compared as well. For some subunits this makes a difference, but of the 16 subunits that show a weak performance according to Web of Science data, ten also perform weakly as shown in DiVA. Only three of these subunits score Good and one Very Good in DiVA.It can be seen from ORU2015 that the research volume, especially expressed in scientific publications per year and citations, has roughly doubled since ÖRE2010. In 2014, the total number of publications in Web of Science by researchers at the university and the university hospital reached some 600 and the number of citations were 14,000 the same year. The ‘findings’ of ORU2015 provide an important basis for decisions by leaders at all levels of the university in terms of strategic planning, support, and development of the research for the future.
