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- Falk Erhag, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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A Multidisciplinary Approach to Capability in Age and Ageing
- 2022
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This open access book provides insight on how to interpret capability in ageing – one’s individual ability to perform actions in order to reach goals one has reason to value – from a multidisciplinary approach. With for the first time in history there being more people in the world aged 60 years and over than there are children below the age of 5, the book describes this demographic trends as well as the large global challenges and important societal implications this will have such as a worldwide increase in the number of persons affected with dementia, and in the ratio of retired persons to those still in the labor market. Through contributions from many different research areas, it discussed how capability depends on interactions between the individual (e.g. health, genetics, personality, intellectual capacity), environment (e.g. family, friends, home, work place), and society (e.g. political decisions, ageism, historical period). The final chapter by the editors summarizes the differences and similarities in these contributions. As such this book provides an interesting read for students, teachers and researchers at different levels and from different fields interested in capability and multidisciplinary research.
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| 2. |
- Falk Erhag, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Concluding Remarks
- 2022
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Ingår i: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Capability in Age and Ageing. - Chem : Springer. - 9783030780654 ; 18:2, s. 143-144
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 3. |
- Girma Kebede, Betlehem, et al.
(författare)
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Communicative challenges among physicians, patients, and family caregivers in cancer care: An exploratory qualitative study in Ethiopia
- 2020
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 15:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Cancer is a growing concern in Ethiopia. Though communication is essential for the treatment process, few studies have looked at communication in Ethiopian cancer care. Due to the large number of patients and scarcity of resources, it is vital to understand how to manage consultations in order to effectively help as many patients as possible in this challenging work environment. Thus, research is needed to analyze and understand the communicative challenges experienced by physicians, patients, and family caregivers, in order to successfully handle patient care in practice. Objective We explore communication in Ethiopian cancer care and present the main challenges faced by physicians, patients, and family caregivers. Methods This explorative qualitative study was conducted at the Oncology Department of the Tikur Anbessa (Black Lion) Specialized Teaching Hospital (TASH) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A triangulation of data collection methods was used: 91 audio-recorded, semi-structured interviews and 21 video-recordings of authentic interactions during hospital rounds. The aim was to obtain as complete a picture as possible of communication from the perspectives of physicians, patients, and family caregivers. The interviews were analyzed using thematic content analysis and the identified themes were supported by excerpts from the transcribed recordings. Results Eight themes emerged from the data. Workload and time pressure, in combination with restricted space for privacy, limited the possibilities for physicians to deliver detailed information and provide emotional support. Furthermore, patient literacy levels, in combination with no or little cancer awareness, financial problems, reliance on traditional and religious treatments, the stigma of cancer, and a fatalistic attitude, resulted in delays in patients seeking care and participating in positive health behaviors, and, subsequently, often resulted in an unwillingness to openly discuss problems with physicians and adhere to treatment. The study also illustrates the paramount role of family in physician-patient communication in Ethiopia. Though family caregivers provide a valuable interpreting support when patients have limited language skills, they can also prevent patients from sharing information with physicians. Another important finding is that family caregivers were often responsible for making decisions about treatment and avoided telling patients about a poor prognosis, believing that conveying bad news may upset them. All of these themes have important implications for the role of ethically acceptable communication in patient-centered care. Conclusions This study has identified a number of serious challenges for successful and ethically acceptable health communication in Ethiopian cancer care. The study contributes to our understanding of the complexity around the role of family, combined with patients’ dependency on family members for communication, support, and access to care, which creates particular ethical dilemmas for the medical staff. The questions raised by this study concern how to organize consultations to achieve patient-centered health communication, while maintaining a constructive alliance with the family and not jeopardizing the patient’s continued access to care. The integration of communication training for medical students in Ethiopia, with a focus on ethical guidelines for family-centered patient consultation suitable for these circumstances, would be an essential step.
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| 6. |
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Proceedings from the Second International Interdisciplinary Conference on Perspectives and Limits of Dialogism in Mikhail Bakhtin, 3-5 June, 2009
- 2010
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Proceedings (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- (Preface) This conference focused on the core of Bakhtin’s theory, which concerns dialogue and dialogicality. The conference themes reflected his notion that the “I” and the “self”, the “you” and the “other” are embedded in each other so that each affects the other and as a whole they create a centrifugal force around which communication and life circle. The choice of the two-faced Janus figure as the symbol of the conference reflects the inward and outward aspects of communication’s inherent dialogue and dialogicality. As an ancient Roman god of beginnings and doorways, of the rising and setting sun, looking in opposite directions, Janus has been associated with polarities, that is, seeing different and contrasting aspects and characteristics. As a metaphor it describes Bakhtin’s view on dialogues and dialogicality within or between “selves” and “others”. As a metaphorical symbol it captured the intent, purpose and outcome of the conference as reflected in this collection of papers.
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| 7. |
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Vilken metod är bäst? Tvärvetenskapliga dialoger om metod.
- 2023
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna antologi är ett försök att illustrera graden av förståelse över disciplingräns för olika metoder. Företrädare för olika vetenskapliga inriktningar beskriver sin favoritmetod eller sin syn på vetenskaplig metod utifrån egna preferenser, eventuellt formade av deras disciplinära tillhörigheter. Varje författares bidrag har sedan lästs av de övriga som kommenterar och skriver kritiska frågor vilka besvaras av bidragsförfattaren. Som helhet visar bidragen, frågorna och författarnas svar på många av de olikheter som finns mellan vetenskaper och många av de utmaningar som finns i vetenskaplig samverkan. Förhoppningsvis kan boken bli ett bidrag till att hitta lösningar när tvärvetenskapliga fnurror på tråden uppstår.
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| 8. |
- Hansson, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Can a 'single hit' cause limitations in language development? A comparative study of Swedish children with hearing impairment and children with specific language impairment.
- 2007
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Ingår i: International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders. - : Wiley. - 1368-2822 .- 1460-6984. ; 42:3, s. 307-323
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies of language in children with mild-to-moderate hearing impairment ( HI) indicate that they often have problems in phonological shortterm memory (PSTM) and that they have linguistic weaknesses both in vocabulary and morphosyntax similar to children with specific language impairment (SLI). However, children with HI may be more likely than children with SLI to acquire typical language skills as they get older. It has been suggested that the more persisting problems in children with SLI are due to a combination of factors: perceptual, cognitive and/or linguistic. Aims: The main aim of this study was to explore language skills in children with HI in comparison with children with SLI, and how children with both HI and language impairment differ from those with non-impaired spoken language skills. Methods & Procedures: PSTM, output phonology, lexical ability, receptive grammar and verb morphology were assessed in a group of children with mild-to-moderate HI ( n=11) and a group of children with SLI (n=12) aged 5 years 6 months to 9 years 0 months. Outcomes & Results: The HI group tended to score higher than the SLI group on the language measures, although few of the differences were significant. The children with HI had their most obvious weaknesses in PSTM, vocabulary, receptive grammar and inflection of novel verbs. The subgroup of children with HI ( five out of 10) who also showed evidence of grammatical output problems was significantly younger than the remaining children with HI. Correlation analysis showed that the language variables were not associated with age, whereas hearing level was associated with PSTM. Conclusions: Children with HI are at risk for at least a delay in lexical ability, receptive grammar and grammatical production. The problems seen in the HI group might be explained by their low-level perceptual deficit and weak PSTM. For the SLI group the impairment is more severe. From a clinical perspective an important conclusion is that the language development in children with even mild-to-moderate HI deserves attention and support.
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| 9. |
- Rindner, Lena, 1959
(författare)
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Women’s health in midlife - a person-centered approach in primary care -effects on mental, somatic, and urogenital symptoms, and quality of life.
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Midlife women, from 45-60, enter new challenges in life with various impacts on health and quality of life. Mental and stress-related illnesses are common causes for attending primary health care (PHC) and long-term sick leave. Today there are few educational opportunities, support or care for life going through the natural ageing and topics related to this transition period, which often coincides with menopause transition (MT). The identification of the prevalence of symptoms, prognostic factors and evaluating interventions for preventing stress-related illnesses, long-term sick leave, improve quality of life, and gaining further knowledge, is motivated. The overall aim of the present thesis was to obtain knowledge about; I) prevalence and severity of somatic, urogenital and psychological symptoms measured with the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS), II) the effect of group education intervention based on topics related to menopause transition in midlife women with focus on somatic, urogenital, psychological and psycho-social health, III) prognostic factors for health-related quality of life and work ability, and IV) the effect of group education or person-centered individual support in PHC on mental health, quality of life and sick leave in women aged 45-60 with stress-related symptoms. Study I The aim was to estimate the prevalence of somatic, urogenital and psychological symptoms in women aged 45–55 attending PHC and evaluate factors associated with severe symptoms. One hundred and thirty-one women were included in this cross-sectional study. Data was obtained from two self-reported questionnaires, the MRS and the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). The five most frequently reported MRS symptoms were; physical and mental exhaustion (73 %), depressive mood (66 %), sleep problems (66 %), hot flushes (66 %), and muscle, joint and sexual problems (62 %). Moreover, more severe depression symptoms (MADRS) and increasing age were associated with more severe menopausal symptoms (MRS). A nomogram was constructed for assessing the probability for severity of menopause symptoms using these three factors. Study II This RCT, investigates whether group education about menopause transition to women in PHC can improve women’s menopausal symptoms and mental health. Midlife women (n=131), aged 45-55 years, were randomized to group education (n=64) or no intervention (n=67). The group education included two sessions with topics related to menopause transition. The MRS and MADRS were filled in at baseline and four months later. Main outcomes were change in MRS and MADRS over the four months. The intervention group experienced a slight reduction in symptoms while the control group mostly experienced the opposite. Study III This 6-year longitudinal cohort study investigated prognostic factors for future mental, physical, and urogenital health, as well as work ability in a population of women aged 45–55 years. Sixty-five percent (n = 71/110) of the women included in Study I could be followed up at 6 years. Prognostic factors for later health-related quality of life (SF36), work ability (yes/no) and hypertension (yes/no) were analysed by multivariate regression analyses. Living with a partner was associated with a better chance for good health, and having tertiary education was shown to be associated with poorer mental health after six years. Study IV This RCT, with a two-factor design including 368 women, evaluated the effect of group education as well as person-centred support in a PHC context on mental health issues and quality of life in women aged 45-60 with stress-related symptoms. The women were allocated to four groups: 1, group education (GE) 2, GE and person-centered individual support (PCS) 3, PCS and 4, a control group. GE comprised four one and one half hour, weekly sessions, and PCS included five sessions with topics related to middle age, but adapted to the woman’s individual situation and based on the woman´s narratives, needs, resources and beliefs. The effect of the interventions were followed up at 6 and 12 months after baseline. Conclusion This thesis has described and identified factors associated with the transition period in women between the ages of 45 and 60, identified prognostics factors for later work ability and quality of life, as well as positive effects on health-related quality of life, physical, urogenital, and mental symptoms of a person-centered intervention using the district nurse’s competence and assignment in PHC and an interdisciplinary collaboration with midwife.
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| 10. |
- Klintö, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Reliability of data on percent consonants correct and its associated quality indicator in the Swedish cleft lip and palate registry
- 2024
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Ingår i: Logopedics, Phoniatrics, Vocology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1401-5439 .- 1651-2022. ; 49:1, s. 27-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundData in national health care quality registries must be valid and reliable in order to enable open comparisons of results.AimTo assess the reliability of data on percent consonants correct (PCC) and its associated quality indicator ≥86% correct consonants in the Swedish quality registry for patients born with cleft lip and palate (CLP) registry.MethodsSix independent speech-language pathologists re-assessed the audio recordings of 96 five-year-olds with PCC data in the CLP registry. Target consonants of a single-word picture-naming test were phonetically transcribed, and PCC was calculated. The reliability of PCC data was assessed with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The reliability of the quality indicator ≥86% correct consonants was assessed with point-by-point percentage agreement and Cohen’s kappa.ResultsIntra- and inter-judge agreement for PCC was excellent with ICCs above 0.9, and so was the agreement of data from the CLP registry and the six judges’ re-assessments. The percentage agreement between all judges and the CLP registry for the quality indicator ≥86% correct consonants was poor (67%). However, in 88% of the cases, results from four judges and the CLP registry agreed, corresponding to good agreement. The mean of all kappa values for six judges and the CLP registry corresponded to good agreement (0.72).ConclusionsThe results indicate the PCC data in the CLP registry and the quality indicator ≥86% correct consonants to be reliable. When differences in outcome between treatment centres are detected, the raw data collected should always be re-examined before drawing definitive conclusions.
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