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- Rydén, Petra, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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What happens with the healthiness of the diet among Swedish adolescent boys and girls when a gluten-free diet is required?
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objectives To explore how diagnosis of celiac disease (CD) in early adolescence affects overall food intake and healthiness of the diet in comparison with age- and sex matched controls and children with CD diagnosed in early childhood. Methods This is a longitudinal dietary sub-study of a school-based CD-screening of 12-year-olds (ETICS - Exploring the Iceberg of Coeliacs in Sweden), a part of the PreventCD project. The dietary study was conducted in 2005-2008 and included the following groups resulting from the screening: I) screening-detected CD cases (n=80), II) previously diagnosed CD cases (n=28), and III) two samples of age- and sex matched non-CD children (admission, n=619; follow-up, n=447). All CD cases completed two food-frequency-and-amount-questionnaires (FFQ), covering the previous four weeks; one at admission and one at a follow-up 18-24 months later. The screening-detected CD cases completed the first FFQ before a gluten free diet was initiated. The non-CD children consisted of a cross-sectional sample at each time point, and thus only completed one FFQ each (i.e. either at admission or follow-up). The Goldberg cut-off method was used to validate reported energy intake. The food choices at admission and follow-up were compared among the three groups, and the healthiness of the diet evaluated using two Swedish dietary indexes. Results and Conclusion Intakes of most food groups were similar at baseline. The adolescents diagnosed with CD did only minor changes in their overall food choices. Visible changes were reductions within food groups where gluten-free alternatives are not readily available, such as pastries and pizza. In contrast, total intake of bread and pasta did not change. All three groups scored fairly low on the dietary indexes at both time points, and there is an obvious need to improve the healthiness of the adolescent diet, whether CD is present or not.
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- Bergemalm, Daniel, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Superoxide dismutase-1 and other proteins in inclusions from transgenic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis model mice
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Mutant superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) causes amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) through a cytotoxic mechanism of unknown nature. A hallmark in ALS patients and transgenic mouse models carrying human SOD1 (hSOD1) mutations are hSOD1-immunoreactive inclusions in spinal cord ventral horns. The hSOD1 inclusions may block essential cellular functions or cause toxicity through sequestering of other proteins. Inclusions from 4 different transgenic mouse models were examined after density gradient ultracentrifugation. The inclusions are complex structures with heterogeneous densities and are disrupted by detergents. The aggregated hSOD1 was mainly composed of subunits that lacked the native stabilizing intrasubunit disulfide bond. A proportion of subunits formed hSOD1 oligomers or was bound to other proteins through disulfide bonds. Dense inclusions could be isolated and the protein composition was analyzed using proteomic techniques. Mutant hSOD1 accounted for half of the protein. Ten other proteins were identified. Two were cytoplasmic chaperones, 4 were cytoskeletal proteins, and 4 were proteins that normally reside in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The presence of ER proteins in inclusions containing the primarily cytosolic hSOD1 further supports the notion that ER stress is involved in ALS.
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- Stiernman, Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Neural correlates of emotion reactivity and emotion regulation in premenstrual dysphoric disorder : evidence for menstrual cycle phase-dependent and -independent effects in key regions of the salience network
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Emotion regulation deficits have been highlighted as a transdiagnostic feature of multiple psychiatric disorders. Deficient prefrontal “top-down” regulation of key nodes of the salience network (SN) associated with emotion generation, has previously been hypothesized to be relevant also in premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD).Methods: In the present study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate menstrual-cycle related variations in brain activity and connectivity in response to two separate emotional tasks (emotion reactivity and regulation) in 29 women with PMDD and 27 controls. We also examined whether differential brain activation between groups is related to premenstrual symptom severity and serum levels of progesterone-derived neuroactive steroids.Results: We did not find convincing evidence for reduced activity in regions associated with the conscious control of emotion in PMDD. However, women with PMDD showed increased reactivity in key nodes of the SN and the default mode network (DMN) during the luteal phase compared to control women. Furthermore, SN hyperactivity was apparent also during the follicular phase and related to PMDD symptom severity. We found no evidence of altered network connectivity across the menstrual cycle in PMDD women.Conclusion: SN dysfunction during the luteal phase may mediate multiple network aberrations. Furthermore, higher baseline (follicular) SN activity may render PMDD women more susceptible to severe mood symptoms in response to hormonal fluctuations. What drives increased SN activity in the follicular phase is unknown, but innate and neuroplastic mechanisms are proposed.
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- Berg, Marie, 1955
(författare)
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Master thesis in Nursing: Vårdrelation och födande : kvinnors möte med barnmorskan under förlossningen på en ABC-enhet. Caring relationship and childbirth: Women´s encounter with the midwife at an Alternative Birth Center Unit
- 1999
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of this essay was to describe the nature of encounters in health care with focus on women´s encounters with the midwife during childbirth. The physical and mental wellbeing of the future mother has a direct impact on the health of the family, specially the child´s wellbeing. It´s therefore important that the woman has a positive experience of pregnancy and childbirth. In a qualitative study using phenomenological approach the objective was to describe women´s experience of the encounter with the midwife during childbirth at an Alternative Birth Care Centre (ABC). The essential structure of the studied phenomenon was described as "presence" ad included three themes: 1) to be seen as an individual 2) to have a trusting relationship and 3) to be supported and guided on ones own terms. If any of the mentioned features were lacking the women felt that the midwife was absently-present which run the risk of a negative birthing experience. The need to be seen as an individual can be realized by affirmation and familiarity with the midwife and surrounding. A trusting relationship can be obtained by good communication and proficient behavior. By providing a sense of control the women can be supported and guided on their own terms. The intersubjective encounter between patient and caregiver is the essence in all health care, even in the care of the pregnant and birthing woman irrespective of race and culture. Syftet med föreliggande arbete var att beskriva vårdrelationens innebörd med fokus på mötet mellan den födande kvinnan och barnmorskan under förlossningen. Det fysiska och psykiska välbefinnandet hos den blivande modern påverkar hela familjen och i synnerhet barnet. Det är därför viktigt att upplevelsen i samband med graviditet, förlossning och puerperium (barnsängtid) blir positiv. I en kvalitativ studie med fenomenologisk ansats har kvinnors upplevelse av mötet med barnmorskan under förlossningen på en ABC-enhet (Alternative Birth Care) undersökts. Det essentiella i mötet kan uttryckas i tre teman: 1) att bli sedd, 2) att ha en förtroendefull relation och 3) att få stöd och bli styrd på egna villkor. Begreppet "närvaro" abstraherades som en gemensam beståndsdel i dessa teman. Behovet av att bli sedd förverkligades genom att bli bekräftad och bemött med respekt. En förtroendefull relation utvecklades genom god kommunikation och genom att barmorskan förmedlade professionell kunskap, säkerhet, vänlighet, tillmötesgående, tillgänglighet och intutition. Genom en känsla av bibehållen kontroll kunde kvinnorna ta emot stöd och bli styrda på egna villkor. Om något av de ovanstående saknades kunde kvinnorna uppleva en känsla av att barnmorskan var "icke-närvarande". Vårdrelationen, mötet mellan patienten och vårdgivaren, är kärnan i den stora vårdorganisationen, även i vården av den gravida, födande och nyförlösta kvinnan, oavsett ras- och kulturtillhörighet.
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- Kautto, Ethel, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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An on-going gendered endeavour in silence: young women struggling with celiac disease
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Women with celiac disease are in the literature described as feeling exposed to negative emotions and experiences related to the treatment of celiac disease - the gluten-free diet. In order to explore the daily experiences of being diagnosed to celiac disease we interviewed seven Swedish young women diagnosed to celiac disease by screening in early adolescence. The semi structured interviews were analysed inductively by using content analysis. The analysis showed that the young women continued to strive with their treatment and their relations toward others, even years after diagnosis. The young women found themselves in an environment where their strict adherence to the dietary treatment was an obstacle and could prevent the feeling of connectedness. We argue that the emphasized/normative femininity that these young women relate to complicates their daily life diagnosed with celiac disease.
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- Brännström, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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On the physiological location of otoacoustic emissions
- 2001
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- During recent years, much attention has been paid otoacoustic emissions in the clinical audiological practice. The received view locates their origin in the cochlea, more precisely in the outer hair cells. It is, however, still uncertain if there is an interaction between the ears regarding otoacoustic emissions. Earlier findings suggest an interaction at the level of the olivocochlear bundle. The aim of this pilot study was to find out if there is any interaction between the two cochleae in the case of otoacoustic emissions. Five subjects with normal hearing participated. Recordings were made of spontaneous otoacoustic emissions during the presentation of contralateral stimuli at three different frequencies (500, 1000 and 2000 Hz). In general, contralateral stimulation did not provoke otoacoustic emissions. It was concluded that otoacoustic emissions could be part of the fine-tuning mechanism in the cochlea. The frequency resolution, e.g. for speech, depends on very fast modulation of the incoming signal. Due to the neural distance, this modulation would lag behind, if otoacoustic emissions in one ear would effect the opposite one.
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