| 1. |
- Kataja Knight, Agnes, et al.
(författare)
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Hemiballismus in hyperglycemia
- 2021
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Ingår i: Clinical Case Reports. - : Wiley. - 2050-0904. ; 9:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Diabetes may cause late complications in the CNS but certain lesions may also occur acutely in hyperglycemia. We describe a case of hyperosmolar non-ketotic syndrome and reversible hemichoreic dyskinesia with morphological changes in basal ganglia.
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| 2. |
- Mansouri, Shiva, et al.
(författare)
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GalR3 activation promotes adult neural stem cell survival in response to a diabetic milieu
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Neurochemistry. - : Wiley. - 0022-3042 .- 1471-4159. ; 127:2, s. 209-220
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Type 2 diabetes impairs adult neurogenesis which could play a role in the CNS complications of this serious disease. The goal of this study was to determine the potential role of galanin in protecting adult neural stem cells (NSCs) from glucolipotoxicity and to analyze whether apoptosis and the unfolded protein response were involved in the galanin-mediated effect. We also studied the regulation of galanin and its receptor subtypes under diabetes in NSCs in vitro and in the subventricular zone (SVZ) in vivo. The viability of mouse SVZ-derived NSCs and the involvement of apoptosis (Bcl-2, cleaved caspase-3) and unfolded protein response [C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) Glucose-regulated protein 78/immunoglobulin heavy-chain binding protein (GRP78/BiP), spliced X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1), c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) phosphorylation] were assessed in the presence of glucolipotoxic conditions after 24h. The effect of diabetes on the regulation of galanin and its receptor subtypes was assessed on NSCs in vitro and in SVZ tissues isolated from normal and type 2 diabetes ob/ob mice. We show increased NSC viability following galanin receptor (GalR)3 activation. This protective effect correlated with decreased apoptosis and CHOP levels. We also report how galanin and its receptors are regulated by diabetes in vitro and in vivo. This study shows GalR3-mediated neuroprotection, supporting a potential future therapeutic development, based on GalR3 activation, for the treatment of brain disorders.
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| 3. |
- Huang, Zhen, et al.
(författare)
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Vasoactive drugs enhance pancreatic islet blood flow, augment insulin secretion and improve glucose tolerance in female rats
- 2007
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Ingår i: Clinical Science. - : Portland Press. - 0143-5221 .- 1470-8736. ; 112:1-2, s. 69-76
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pravastatin, irbesartan and captopril are frequently used in the treatment of patients with Type 2 diabetes. These drugs also exert beneficial metabolic effects, causing an improved glucose tolerance in patients, but the precise mechanisms by which this is achieved remain elusive. To this end, we have studied whether these drugs influence insulin secretion in vivo through effects on islet blood perfusion. Captopril (3 mg/kg of body weight), irbesartan (3 mg/kg of body weight) and pravastatin (0.5 mg/kg of body weight) were injected intravenously into anaesthetized female Wistar rats. Blood flow rates were determined by a microsphere technique. Blood glucose concentrations were measured with test reagent strips and serum insulin concentrations were measured by ELISA. Pancreatic blood flow was markedly increased by pravastatin (P<0.001), captopril (P < 0.05) and irbesartan (P<0.01). Pancreatic islet blood flow was significantly and preferentially enhanced after the administration of captopril (P<0.01), irbesartan (P<0.01) and pravastatin (P<0.001). Kidney blood flow was enhanced significantly by pravastatin (P < 0.01), irbesartan (P < 0.05) and captopril (P < 0.01). Captopril and pravastatin also enhanced late-phase insulin secretion and positively influenced glycaemia in intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests. In conclusion, the present study suggests that a local pancreatic renin-angiotensin system and pravastatin treatment may be selectively controlling pancreatic islet blood flow, augmenting insulin secretion and thereby improving glucose tolerance. Our findings indicate significant gender-related differences in the vascular response to these agents. Since statins and renin-angiotensin system inhibitors are frequently used by diabetic patients, the antidiabetic actions of these drugs reported previously might occur, in part, through the beneficial direct islet effects shown in the present study.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Mamhidir, Anna-Greta, et al.
(författare)
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Having control over type 2 diabetes means daring to be free
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Diabetes Nursing.. - 1368-1109. ; 8:1, s. 12-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article we describe the process of assuming control from the patient's perspective. A qualitative study into the meaning of control and freedom of people with type 2 diabetes was conducted. Insight into the responsibility and loss of freedom that diabetes entails created emotional strain, but learning to know the body's reactions and how to test blood glucose gave a feeling of security. Participants emphasised personal choice in everyday life at the same time as feelings of fear and guilt about lapses in self care. A positive view of life made it easier for people with diabetes to find a suitable lifestyle and establish a feeling of freedom. An encouraging approach to caring for people with diabetes helped to build self-confidence and freedom.
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| 6. |
- Huang, Zhen, et al.
(författare)
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Pancreatic islet blood flow is selectively enhanced by captopril, irbesartan and pravastatin, and suppressed by palmitate
- 2006
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Ingår i: Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications - BBRC. - : Elsevier. - 0006-291X .- 1090-2104. ; 49, s. 378-378
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Diabetic patients are often treated with a lipid lowering statin and an ACE inhibitor or angiotensin receptor antagonist against hypertension or albuminuria. These drugs may also improve glucose tolerance, but the mechanism for this remains elusive. We now studied whether these drugs and the fatty acid palmitate influence insulin secretion in vivo in rats through effects on islet blood perfusion. Whole pancreatic blood flow was markedly increased by captopril and irbesartan, and decreased by palmitate. Islet blood flow was significantly and preferentially enhanced by captopril, irbesartan, and pravastatin, and suppressed by palmitate. Both captopril and irbesartan raised serum insulin concentrations significantly. However, glycemia was not affected in any group. In conclusion, the present study suggests that a local pancreatic RAS and pravastatin may be selectively controlling pancreatic islet blood flow and thereby influencing insulin secretion. The antidiabetic actions of statins and RAS inhibitors might in part occur through the beneficial direct islet effects shown here. Conversely, free fatty acids that are elevated in type 2 diabetic patients may contribute to an impaired nutritive islet blood flow and thereby further aggravate the diabetic state by limiting the supply of insulin needed to curb hyperglycemia.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Sjöholm, Åke, et al.
(författare)
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Type B insulin resistance syndrome in a patient with type 1 diabetes
- 2020
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Ingår i: Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism case reports. - : Bioscientifica. - 2052-0573. ; 2020
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Type B insulin resistance syndrome (TBIRS) is a very rare autoimmune disorder with polyclonal autoantibodies against the insulin receptor, resulting in severe and refractory hyperglycemia. Described here is a patient who within a few months after the onset of autoimmune type 1 diabetes increased her insulin requirements more than 20-fold; despite this she had considerable difficulty maintaining a plasma glucose value of <40-60 mmol/L (720-1100 mg/dL). On suspicion of TBIRS, the patient was started on tapering dose of glucocorticoids to overcome the autoimmune insulin receptor blockade, resulting in an immediate and pronounced effect. Within days, insulin requirements decreased by 80-90% and plasma glucose stabilized around 7-8 mmol/L (126-144 mg/dL). The presence of antibodies to the insulin receptor was detected by immunoprecipitation and binding assays. After a 4-month remission on low maintenance dose prednisolone, the patient relapsed, which required repeated plasmaphereses and immune column treatments with temporarily remarkable effect. Mixed and transient results were seen with rituximab, mycophenolic acid and bortezomib, but the glycemic status remained suboptimal. Lack of compliance and recurrent infections may have contributed to this.
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