| 1. |
- Killander, Fredrika, et al.
(författare)
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No Increased Cardiac Mortality or Morbidity of Radiation Therapy in Breast Cancer Patients After Breast-Conserving Surgery : 20-Year Follow-up of the Randomized SweBCGRT Trial
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-3016 .- 1879-355X. ; 107:4, s. 701-709
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeRadiation therapy (RT) after breast-conserving surgery reduces locoregional recurrences and improves survival but may cause late side effects. The main purpose of this paper was to investigate long-term side effects after whole breast RT in a randomized clinical trial initiated in 1991 and to report dose-volume data based on individual 3-dimensional treatment plans for organs at risk.Methods and MaterialsThe trial included 1187 patients with T1-2 N0 breast cancer randomized to postoperative tangential whole breast RT or no further treatment. The prescription dose to the clinical target volume was 48 to 54 Gy. We present 20-year follow-up on survival, cause of death, morbidity, and later malignancies. For a cohort of patients (n = 157) with accessible computed tomography–based 3-dimensional treatment plans in Dicom-RT format, dose-volume descriptors for organs at risk were derived. In addition, these were compared with dose-volume data for a cohort of patients treated with contemporary RT techniques.ResultsThe cumulative incidence of cardiac mortality was 12.4% in the control group and 13.0% in the RT group (P = .8). There was an increase in stroke mortality: 3.4% in the control group versus 6.7% in the RT group (P = .018). Incidences of contralateral breast cancer and lung cancer were similar between groups. The median Dmean (range) heart dose for left-sided treatments was 3.0 Gy (1.1-8.1), and the corresponding value for patients treated in 2017 was 1.5 Gy (0.4-6.0).ConclusionsIn this trial, serious late side effects of whole breast RT were limited and less than previously reported in large meta-analyses. We observed no increase in cardiac mortality in irradiated patients. Doses to the heart were a median Dmean of 3.0 Gy for left-sided RT. The observed increase in stroke mortality may partly be secondary to cardiac side effects, complications to anticoagulant treatment, or to chance, rather than a direct side effect of tangential whole breast irradiation.
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| 2. |
- Szummer, Karolina, et al.
(författare)
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Treatments and Mortality Trends in Cases With and Without Dialysis Who Have an Acute Myocardial Infarction : An 18-Year Nationwide Experience
- 2019
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Ingår i: Circulation. Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes. - 1941-7713 .- 1941-7705. ; 12:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Patients on dialysis who have an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have an exceedingly poor prognosis, but it is unknown to what extent guideline-recommended interventions and treatments are used and to which benefit. We aimed to assess temporal changes in the use of treatments and survival rates in dialysis patients with an AMI.Methods and Results: All consecutive AMI cases from 1996 to 2013 enrolled in the SWEDEHEART registry (Swedish Web-System for Enhancement and Development of Evidence-Based Care in Heart Disease Evaluated According to Recommended Therapies) were included. The Swedish Renal Registry identified all chronic dialysis cases. Multivariable adjusted standardized 1-year mortality was estimated. An age-sex-calendar year-matched dialysis background population from the Swedish Renal Registry was used to obtain a standardized incidence ratio. All analyses were performed in 2-year blocks, where each individual could be included several times but in different time blocks; hence the term AMI cases and not patients is used. Of 289 699 cases with AMI, 1398 (0.5%) were on dialysis (73.6% hemodialysis; 26.4% peritoneal dialysis). Among dialysis cases, 29.4% were women, and 21.0% had ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction. Through 1996 to 2013, dialysis cases had similar age (median, 70 years [interquartile range, 62-77]; P for trend, 0.14), but the proportion with diabetes mellitus increased (36.0%-55.3%; P for trend, 0.005). Dialysis cases admitted with AMI were treated more invasively and received more discharge medications in the later years. From 1995 to 2013, in-hospital and 1-year mortality decreased from 25.4% to 9.4% and from 59.6% to 41.2%, respectively. The standardized in-hospital and 1-year mortality decreased from 25.7% to 9.4% and from 54.6% to 41.2%. Yet, compared with the matched dialysis population, the odds of death remained as high in 2012/2013 as in 1996/1997 (odds ratio, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.62-2.58 and odds ratio, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.52-2.60, respectively; P for trend, 0.34).Conclusions: Over the last 18 years, more patients on dialysis with AMI have been treated with evidence-based therapies. Overall, dialysis cases with AMI have an improved in-hospital and 1-year survival in the more recent years compared with earlier years. However, this appears largely to be because of improved survival in the general dialysis population.
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| 3. |
- Bjursten, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Calcium Load in the Aortic Valve, Aortic Root, and Left Ventricular Outflow Tract and the Risk for a Periprocedural Stroke
- 2022
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Ingår i: Structural Heart-the Journal of the Heart Team. - : Elsevier BV. - 2474-8706 .- 2474-8714. ; 6:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Periprocedural stroke during transcatheter aortic valve implantation is a rare but devastating complication. The calcified aortic valve is the most likely source of the emboli in a periprocedural stroke. The total load and distribution of calcium in the leaflets, aortic root, and left ventricular outflow tract varies from patient to patient. Consequently, there could be patterns of calcification that are associated with a higher risk of stroke. This study aimed to explore whether the pattern of calcification in the left ventricular outflow tract, annulus, aortic valve, and ascending aorta can be used to predict a periprocedural stroke. Methods: Among the 3282 consecutive patients who received a transcatheter aortic valve implantation in the native valve in Sweden from 2014 to 2018, we identified 52 who had a periprocedural stroke. From the same cohort, a control group of 52 patients was constructed by propensity score matching. Both groups had one missing cardiac computed tomography, and 51 stroke and 51 control patients were blindly reviewed by an experienced radiologist. Results: The groups were well balanced in terms of demographics and procedural data. Of the 39 metrics created to describe calcium pattern, only one differed between the groups. The length of calcium protruding above the annulus was 10.6 mm (interquartile range 7-13.6) for patients without stroke and 8 mm (interquartile range 3-10) for stroke patients. Conclusions: This study could not find any pattern of calcification that predisposes for a periprocedural stroke.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Andell, Pontus, et al.
(författare)
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Intravascular Ultrasound Guidance Is Associated With Better Outcome in Patients Undergoing Unprotected Left Main Coronary Artery Stenting Compared With Angiography Guidance Alone
- 2017
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Ingår i: Circulation. Cardiovascular Interventions. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 1941-7640 .- 1941-7632. ; 10:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Small observational studies have indicated better outcome with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) guidance when performing unprotected left main coronary artery (LMCA) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), but the overall picture remains inconclusive and warrants further investigation. We studied the impact of IVUS guidance on outcome in patients undergoing unprotected LMCA PCI in a Swedish nationwide observational study.Methods and Results: Patients who underwent unprotected LMCA PCI between 2005 and 2014 because of stable coronary artery disease or acute coronary syndrome were included from the nationwide SCAAR (Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry). Of 2468 patients, IVUS guidance was used in 621 (25.2%). The IVUS group was younger (median age, 70 versus 75 years) and had fewer comorbidities but more complex lesions. IVUS was associated with larger stent diameters (median, 4 mm versus 3.5 mm). After adjusting for potential confounders, IVUS was associated with significantly lower occurrence of the primary composite end point of all-cause mortality, restenosis, or definite stent thrombosis (hazard ratio, 0.65; 95% confidence interval, 0.50-0.84) and all-cause mortality alone (hazard ratio, 0.62; 95% confidence interval, 0.47-0.82). In 340 propensity score-matched pairs, IVUS was also associated with significantly lower occurrence of the primary end point (hazard ratio, 0.54; 95% confidence interval, 0.37-0.80).Conclusions: IVUS was associated with an independent and significant outcome benefit when performing unprotected LMCA PCI. Potential mediators of this benefit include larger and more appropriately sized stents, perhaps translating into lower risk of subsequent stent thrombosis. Although residual confounding cannot be ruled out, our findings indicate a possible hazard when performing unprotected LMCA PCI without IVUS guidance.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Petursson, Petur, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of pharmacological interventions on mortality in patients with Takotsubo syndrome : a report from the SWEDEHEART registry
- 2024
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Ingår i: ESC Heart Failure. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2055-5822. ; 11:3, s. 1720-1729
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: Takotsubo syndrome (TS) is a heart condition mimicking acute myocardial infarction. TS is characterized by a sudden weakening of the heart muscle, usually triggered by physical or emotional stress. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of pharmacological interventions on short- and long-term mortality in patients with TS.Methods and results: We analysed data from the SWEDEHEART (the Swedish Web System for Enhancement and Development of Evidence-based care in Heart disease Evaluated According to Recommended Therapies) registry, which included patients who underwent coronary angiography between 2009 and 2016. In total, we identified 1724 patients with TS among 228 263 individuals in the registry. The average age was 66 ± 14 years, and 77% were female. Nearly half of the TS patients (49.4%) presented with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome, and a quarter (25.9%) presented with ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Most patients (79.1%) had non-obstructive coronary artery disease on angiography, while 11.7% had a single-vessel disease and 9.2% had a multivessel disease. All patients received at least one pharmacological intervention; most of them used beta-blockers (77.8% orally and 8.3% intravenously) or antiplatelet agents [aspirin (66.7%) and P2Y12 inhibitors (43.6%)]. According to the Kaplan–Meier estimator, the probability of all-cause mortality was 2.5% after 30 days and 16.6% after 6 years. The median follow-up time was 877 days. Intravenous use of inotropes and diuretics was associated with increased 30 day mortality in TS [hazard ratio (HR) = 9.92 (P < 0.001) and HR = 3.22 (P = 0.001), respectively], while angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and statins were associated with decreased long-term mortality [HR = 0.60 (P = 0.025) and HR = 0.62 (P = 0.040), respectively]. Unfractionated and low-molecular-weight heparins were associated with reduced 30 day mortality [HR = 0.63 (P = 0.01)]. Angiotensin receptor blockers, oral anticoagulants, P2Y12 antagonists, aspirin, and beta-blockers did not statistically correlate with mortality.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that some medications commonly used to treat TS are associated with higher mortality, while others have lower mortality. These results could inform clinical decision-making and improve patient outcomes in TS. Further research is warranted to validate these findings and to identify optimal pharmacological interventions for patients with TS.
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| 8. |
- Varenhorst, Christoph, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Relationship between Clopidogrel-Induced Platelet P2Y12 Inhibition and Stent Thrombosis or Myocardial Infarction after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention : A Case-Control Study
- 2011
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Ingår i: American Heart Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-8703 .- 1097-6744. ; 162:2, s. 363-371
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: Platelet inhibition levels were investigated in patients with previous angiographically confirmed stent thrombosis (ST), myocardial infarction (MI) and controls.Methods and Results: Using The Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry we identified patients with angiographically confirmed ST (n=48) or MI (n=30) while on dual antiplatelet therapy within 6 months of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and matched control patients (n=78) with none of these events in the same setting. On-clopidogrel platelet reactivity was measured with VerifyNow™ P2Y12 and vasodilator stimulated phosphoprotein phosphorylation (VASP-P) assay.The mean P2Y12 reaction units (PRU) was higher (246.8 ± 75.9 vs. 200.0 ± 82.7, p=0.001) in ST patients compared to controls. The optimal cut-off for ST was ≥222 PRU (area under the curve 0.69, p<0.0001) in a receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis, which was identical to the cut-off level defined as the proportion of controls below the 30th percentile of P2Y12 inhibition distribution in patients with ST. The cut-off level resulted in 70.2% sensitivity and 67.3% specificity. There was no significant difference in mean PRU but a higher device-reported % inhibition (45.1 ± 23.8 vs 32.1 ± 23.2, p=0.04) in patients with MI compared to controls. Results with the VASP-P assay were not related to the occurrence of ST or MI.Conclusion: Stent thrombosis was associated with high on-clopidogrel platelet reactivity measured with VerifyNow™. Spontaneous MI in stented patients on clopidogrel treatment was not. There was, however, a substantial overlap in clopidogrel platelet reactivity response between patients with and without on-treatment ST.
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| 9. |
- Andell, Pontus, et al.
(författare)
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Reclassification of Treatment Strategy With Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio and Fractional Flow Reserve : A Substudy From the iFR-SWEDEHEART Trial
- 2018
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Ingår i: JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions. - : Elsevier BV. - 1936-8798 .- 1876-7605. ; 11:20, s. 2084-2094
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The authors sought to compare reclassification of treatment strategy following instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) and fractional flow reserve (FFR). Background: iFR was noninferior to FFR in 2 large randomized controlled trials in guiding coronary revascularization. Reclassification of treatment strategy by FFR is well-studied, but similar reports on iFR are lacking. Methods: The iFR-SWEDEHEART (Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio Versus Fractional Flow Reserve in Patients With Stable Angina Pectoris or Acute Coronary Syndrome Trial) study randomized 2,037 participants with stable angina or acute coronary syndrome to treatment guided by iFR or FFR. Interventionalists entered the preferred treatment (optimal medical therapy [OMT], percutaneous coronary intervention [PCI], or coronary artery bypass grafting [CABG]) on the basis of coronary angiograms, and the final treatment decision was mandated by the iFR/FFR measurements. Results: In the iFR/FFR (n = 1,009/n = 1,004) populations, angiogram-based treatment approaches were similar (p = 0.50) with respect to OMT (38%/35%), PCI of 1 (37%/39%), 2 (15%/16%), and 3 vessels (2%/2%) and CABG (8%/8%). iFR and FFR reclassified 40% and 41% of patients, respectively (p = 0.78). The majority of reclassifications were conversion of PCI to OMT in both the iFR/FFR groups (31.4%/29.0%). Reclassification increased with increasing number of lesions evaluated (odds ratio per evaluated lesion for FFR: 1.46 [95% confidence interval: 1.22 to 1.76] vs. iFR 1.37 [95% confidence interval: 1.18 to 1.59]). Reclassification rates for patients with 1, 2, and 3 assessed vessels were 36%, 52%, and 53% (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Reclassification of treatment strategy of intermediate lesions was common and occurred in 40% of patients with iFR or FFR. The most frequent reclassification was conversion from PCI to OMT regardless of physiology modality. Irrespective of the physiological index reclassification of angiogram-based treatment strategy increased with the number of lesions evaluated.
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