| 1. |
- Israelsson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Health status and psychological distress among in-hospital cardiac arrest survivors in relation to gender
- 2017
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Ingår i: Resuscitation. - : Elsevier. - 0300-9572 .- 1873-1570. ; 114, s. 27-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To describe health status and psychological distress among in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) survivors in relation to gender.METHODS: This national register study consists of data from follow-up registration of IHCA survivors 3-6 months post cardiac arrest (CA) in Sweden. A questionnaire was sent to the survivors, including measurements of health status (EQ-5D-5L) and psychological distress (HADS).RESULTS: Between 2013 and 2015, 594 IHCA survivors were included in the study. The median values for EQ-5D-5L index and EQ VAS among survivors were 0.78 (q1-q3=0.67-0.86) and 70 (q1-q3=50-80) respectively. The values were significantly lower (p<0.001) in women compared to men. In addition, women reported more problems than men in all dimensions of EQ-5D-5L, except self-care. A majority of the respondents reported no problems with anxiety (85.4%) and/or symptoms of depression (87.0%). Women reported significantly more problems with anxiety (p<0.001) and symptoms of depression (p<0.001) compared to men. Gender was significantly associated with poorer health status and more psychological distress. No interaction effects for gender and age were found.CONCLUSIONS: Although the majority of survivors reported acceptable health status and no psychological distress, a substantial proportion reported severe problems. Women reported worse health status and more psychological distress compared to men. Therefore, a higher proportion of women may be in need of support. Health care professionals should make efforts to identify health problems among survivors and offer individualised support when needed.
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| 2. |
- Jönsson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Controversial significance of early S100B levels after cardiac surgery
- 2004
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Ingår i: BMC Neurology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2377. ; 4:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundThe brain-derived protein S100B has been shown to be a useful marker of brain injury of different etiologies. Cognitive dysfunction after cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass has been reported to occur in up to 70% of patients. In this study we tried to evaluate S100B as a marker for cognitive dysfunction after coronary bypass surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass in a model where the inflow of S100B from shed mediastinal blood was corrected for.Methods56 patients scheduled for coronary artery bypass grafting underwent prospective neuropsychological testing. The test scores were standardized and an impairment index was constructed. S100B was sampled at the end of surgery, hourly for the first 6 hours, and then 8, 10, 15, 24 and 48 hours after surgery. None of the patients received autotransfusion.ResultsIn simple linear analysis, no significant relation was found between S100B levels and neuropsychological outcome. In a backwards stepwise regression analysis the three variables, S100B levels at the end of cardiopulmonary bypass, S100B levels 1 hour later and the age of the patients were found to explain part of the neuropsychological deterioration (r = 0.49, p < 0.005).ConclusionsIn this study we found that S100B levels 1 hour after surgery seem to be the most informative. Our attempt to control the increased levels of S100B caused by contamination from the surgical field did not yield different results. We conclude that the clinical value of S100B as a predictive measurement of postoperative cognitive dysfunction after cardiac surgery is limited.
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| 3. |
- Warkentin, Siegbert, et al.
(författare)
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rCBF pathology in Alzheimer's disease is associated with slow processing speed
- 2008
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Ingår i: Neuropsychologia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-3514 .- 0028-3932. ; 46:5, s. 1193-1200
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Decreased information processing speed (mental slowing) is a known sequelae of many brain disorders, and can be assessed by continuous naming tasks. Functional imaging studies have shown that pause and articulation times in continuous speech are normally associated with different brain regions, but knowledge about such association in dementia is lacking. We therefore tested the hypothesis that perfusion deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are not only associated with slower processing, but also with these speech measures. Using regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) measurements during the performance of a continuous colour and form-naming task, we found that naming speed was substantially slower in AD patients than in controls. This slower naming was exclusively determined by an increase in mean pause time, and only to a limited extent by articulation time. The increased pause time was uniquely associated with temporo-parietal rCBF reductions of the patients, while articulation was not. By contrast, the rCBF of healthy elderly control subjects was consistently accompanied by substantially shorter articulation and pause times, although the naming measures were not statistically associated with rCBF. These findings suggest that pause time (in contrast to articulation time) may serve as a sensitive measure in the assessment of information processing speed deficits in dementia, by virtue of its close association with brain pathology. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
- Gustafson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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A factor analytic approach to symptom patterns in dementia.
- 2010
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Ingår i: International Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. - : Hindawi Limited. - 2090-0252 .- 2090-8024.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous publications have shown a high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of three short clinical rating scales for Alzheimer's disease (AD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and vascular dementia (VaD) validated against neuropathological (NP) diagnoses. In this study, the aim was to perform an exploratory factor analysis of the items in these clinical rating scales. The study included 190 patients with postmortem diagnoses of AD (n = 74), VaD (n = 33), mixed AD/VaD (n = 31), or FTD (n = 52). The factor analysis produced three strong factors. Factor 1 contained items describing cerebrovascular disease, similar to the Hachinski Ischemic Score. Factor 2 enclosed major clinical characteristics of FTD, and factor 3 showed a striking similarity to the AD scale. A fourth symptom cluster was described by perception and expression of emotions. The factor analyses strongly support the construct validity of the diagnostic rating scales.
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| 5. |
- Nordqvist, Ola, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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A novel index to assess low energy fracture risks in patients prescribed antiepileptic drugs
- 2021
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - San Francisco : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 16:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To develop an index assessing the risks of low energy fractures (LEF) in patients prescribed antiepileptic drugs (AED) by exploring five previously suggested risk factors; age, gender, AED-type, epilepsy diagnosis and BMI.Methods: In a population-based retrospective open cohort study we used real world data from the Electronic Health Register (EHR) in Region Kalmar County, Sweden. 23 209 patients prescribed AEDs at any time from January 2008 to November 2018 and 23 281 matching controls were followed from first registration in the EHR until the first documented LEF, disenrollment (or death) or until the end of the study period, whichever came first. Risks of LEF measured as hazard rate ratios in relation to the suggested risk factors and in comparison to matched controls were analyzed using Cox regression. The index was developed using a linear combination of the statistically significant variables multiplied by the corresponding regression coefficients.Results: Data from 23 209 patients prescribed AEDs and 2084 documented LEFs during a follow-up time of more than 10 years resulted in the Kalmar Epilepsy Fracture Risk Index (KEFRI). KEFRI = Age-category x (1.18) + Gender x (-0.51) + AED-type x (0.29) + Epilepsy diagnosis-category x (0.31) + BMI-category x (-0.35). All five previously suggested risk factors were confirmed. Women aged 75 years and older treated with an inducing AED against epilepsy and BMIs of 25 kg/m2 or below had 48 times higher LEF rates compared to men aged 50 years or younger, treated with a non-inducing AED for a condition other than epilepsy and BMIs above 25 kg/m2.Conclusion: The KEFRI is the first weighted multifactorial assessment tool estimating risks of LEF in patients prescribed AEDs and could serve as a feasible guide within clinical practice.
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| 6. |
- Lin, Chung-Ying, et al.
(författare)
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Validation of the 5-Item Medication Adherence Report Scale in Older Stroke Patients in Iran
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0889-4655 .- 1550-5049. ; 33:6, s. 536-543
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: There is a lack of feasible and validated measures to self-assess medication adherence for older patients with stroke. In addition, the potential determinants of medication adherence for older patients with stroke remain unclear. Objectives: The aims of this study were to (1) examine the psychometric properties of a 5-item questionnaire on medication adherence, specifically the 5-item Medication Adherence Report Scale (MARS-5), and (2) explore the determinants of medication adherence. Methods: Stroke patients older than 65 years (N = 523) filled out the MARS-5 and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. The medication possession rate (MPR) was calculated to measure the objective medication adherence. Several clinical characteristics (stroke types, blood pressure, comorbidity, HbA1c, quantity of prescribed drugs, fasting blood glucose, and total cholesterol) and background information were collected. We used Rasch analysis with a differential item functioning test to examine psychometric properties. Results: All 5 items in the MARS-5 fit in the same construct (ie, medication adherence), no differential item functioning items were displayed in the MARS-5 across gender, and the MARS-5 total score was strongly correlated with the MPR (r = 0.7). Multiple regression models showed that the MARS-5 and the MPR shared several similar determinants. In addition, the variance of the MARS-5 (R-2 = 0.567) was more than that of the MPR (R-2 = 0.300). Conclusions: The MARS-5 is a feasible and valid self-assessed medication adherence for older patients with stroke. In addition, several determinants were found to be related to medication adherence for older patients with stroke. Healthcare providers may want to take heed of these determinants to improve medication adherence for this population.
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| 7. |
- Hellström, Amanda, et al.
(författare)
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A classical test theory evaluation of the Sleep Condition Indicator accounting for the ordinal nature of item response data
- 2019
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 14:3, s. 1-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Insomnia symptoms are common among young adults and affect about 5% to 26% of 19 to 34-year-olds. In addition, insomnia is associated with poor mental health and may affect daily performance. In research, as well as in clinical practice, sleep questionnaires are used to screen for and diagnose insomnia. However, most questionnaires are not developed according to current DSM-5 diagnostic criteria. An exception is the recently developed Sleep Condition Indicator (SCI), an eight-item scale screening for insomnia. Aim The aim of this study was to perform a Classical Test Theory (CTT) based psychometric evaluation of the SCI in a sample of Swedish university students, by taking the ordinal nature of item level data into account. Methods The SCI was translated into Swedish and distributed online to undergraduate students at three Swedish universities, within programs of health, psychology, science or economy. Of 3673 invited students, 634 (mean age 26.9 years; SD = 7.4) completed the questionnaire that, in addition to the SCI, comprised other scales on sleep, stress, lifestyle and students' study environment. Data were analyzed according to CTT investigating data completeness, item homogeneity and unidimensionality. Results Polychoric based explorative factor analysis suggested unidimensionality of the SCI, and internal consistency was good (Cronbach's alpha, 0.91; ordinal alpha, 0.94). SCI scores correlated with the Insomnia Severity Index (-0.88) as well as with sleep quality (-0.85) and perceived stress (-0.50), supporting external construct validity. Conclusions These observations support the integrity of the of the SCI. The SCI demonstrates sound CTT-based psychometric properties, supporting its use as an insomnia screening tool.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Broström, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Validation of the CPAP Habit Index-5 : A Tool to Understand Adherence to CPAP Treatment in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Sleep Disorders. - : Hindawi Limited. - 2090-3545 .- 2090-3553. ; 2014
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Long-term adherence to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is low among patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The potential role of "habit" in sustaining adherence to CPAP use has not been studied. This study aimed to establish the relevance of habit to CPAP adherence, via validation of an adaptation of the Self-Report Habit Index (the CPAP Habit Index-5; CHI-5). Analyses focused on the homogeneity, reliability, and factor structure of the CHI-5 and, in line with theoretical predictions, its utility as a predictor of long-term CPAP adherence in middle-aged patients with OSA. A prospective longitudinal design was used. 117 patients with objectively verified OSA intended for CPAP treatment were recruited. Data was collected via clinical examinations, respiratory recordings, questionnaires, and CPAP devices at baseline, 2 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months. The CHI-5 showed satisfactory homogeneity interitem correlations (0.42-0.93), item-total correlations (0.58-0.91), and reliability ( α = 0.92). CHI-5 data at 6 months showed a one-factor solution and predicted 63% of variance in total CPAP use hours after 12 months. Based on the satisfactory measurement properties and the high amount of CPAP use variance it explained, the CHI-5 can be seen as a useful tool in clinical practice.
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| 10. |
- Comasco, Erika, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic and Functional Study of L-Type Amino Acid Transporter 1 in Schizophrenia
- 2017
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Ingår i: Neuropsychobiology. - Basel : S. Karger. - 0302-282X .- 1423-0224. ; 74:2, s. 96-103
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Schizophrenia involves neural catecholaminergic dysregulation. Tyrosine is the precursor of catecholamines, and its major transporter, according to studies on fibroblasts, in the brain is the L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1). The present study assessed haplotype tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the SLC7A5/LAT1 gene in 315 patients with psychosis within the schizophrenia spectrum and 233 healthy controls to investigate genetic vulnerability to the disorder as well as genetic relationships to homovanillic acid (HVA) and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), the major catecholamine metabolites in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Moreover, the involvement of the different isoforms of the system L in tyrosine uptake and LAT1 tyrosine kinetics were studied in fibroblast cell lines of 10 patients with schizophrenia and 10 healthy controls. The results provide suggestive evidence of individual vulnerability to schizophrenia related to the LAT1 SNP rs9936204 genotype. A number of SNPs were nominally associated with CSF HVA and MHPG concentrations but did not survive correction for multiple testing. The LAT1 isoform was confirmed as the major tyrosine transporter in patients with schizophrenia. However, the kinetic parameters (maximal transport capacity, affinity of the binding sites, and diffusion constant of tyrosine transport through the LAT1 isoform) did not differ between patients with schizophrenia and controls. The present genetic findings call for independent replication in larger samples, while the functional study seems to exclude a role of LAT1 in the aberrant transport of tyrosine in fibroblasts of patients with schizophrenia.
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