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Proceedings from the Second International Interdisciplinary Conference on Perspectives and Limits of Dialogism in Mikhail Bakhtin, 3-5 June, 2009
- 2010
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Proceedings (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- (Preface) This conference focused on the core of Bakhtin’s theory, which concerns dialogue and dialogicality. The conference themes reflected his notion that the “I” and the “self”, the “you” and the “other” are embedded in each other so that each affects the other and as a whole they create a centrifugal force around which communication and life circle. The choice of the two-faced Janus figure as the symbol of the conference reflects the inward and outward aspects of communication’s inherent dialogue and dialogicality. As an ancient Roman god of beginnings and doorways, of the rising and setting sun, looking in opposite directions, Janus has been associated with polarities, that is, seeing different and contrasting aspects and characteristics. As a metaphor it describes Bakhtin’s view on dialogues and dialogicality within or between “selves” and “others”. As a metaphorical symbol it captured the intent, purpose and outcome of the conference as reflected in this collection of papers.
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| 2. |
- Hansson, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Can a 'single hit' cause limitations in language development? A comparative study of Swedish children with hearing impairment and children with specific language impairment.
- 2007
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Ingår i: International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders. - : Wiley. - 1368-2822 .- 1460-6984. ; 42:3, s. 307-323
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies of language in children with mild-to-moderate hearing impairment ( HI) indicate that they often have problems in phonological shortterm memory (PSTM) and that they have linguistic weaknesses both in vocabulary and morphosyntax similar to children with specific language impairment (SLI). However, children with HI may be more likely than children with SLI to acquire typical language skills as they get older. It has been suggested that the more persisting problems in children with SLI are due to a combination of factors: perceptual, cognitive and/or linguistic. Aims: The main aim of this study was to explore language skills in children with HI in comparison with children with SLI, and how children with both HI and language impairment differ from those with non-impaired spoken language skills. Methods & Procedures: PSTM, output phonology, lexical ability, receptive grammar and verb morphology were assessed in a group of children with mild-to-moderate HI ( n=11) and a group of children with SLI (n=12) aged 5 years 6 months to 9 years 0 months. Outcomes & Results: The HI group tended to score higher than the SLI group on the language measures, although few of the differences were significant. The children with HI had their most obvious weaknesses in PSTM, vocabulary, receptive grammar and inflection of novel verbs. The subgroup of children with HI ( five out of 10) who also showed evidence of grammatical output problems was significantly younger than the remaining children with HI. Correlation analysis showed that the language variables were not associated with age, whereas hearing level was associated with PSTM. Conclusions: Children with HI are at risk for at least a delay in lexical ability, receptive grammar and grammatical production. The problems seen in the HI group might be explained by their low-level perceptual deficit and weak PSTM. For the SLI group the impairment is more severe. From a clinical perspective an important conclusion is that the language development in children with even mild-to-moderate HI deserves attention and support.
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| 3. |
- Klintö, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Reliability of data on percent consonants correct and its associated quality indicator in the Swedish cleft lip and palate registry
- 2024
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Ingår i: Logopedics, Phoniatrics, Vocology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1401-5439 .- 1651-2022. ; 49:1, s. 27-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundData in national health care quality registries must be valid and reliable in order to enable open comparisons of results.AimTo assess the reliability of data on percent consonants correct (PCC) and its associated quality indicator ≥86% correct consonants in the Swedish quality registry for patients born with cleft lip and palate (CLP) registry.MethodsSix independent speech-language pathologists re-assessed the audio recordings of 96 five-year-olds with PCC data in the CLP registry. Target consonants of a single-word picture-naming test were phonetically transcribed, and PCC was calculated. The reliability of PCC data was assessed with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The reliability of the quality indicator ≥86% correct consonants was assessed with point-by-point percentage agreement and Cohen’s kappa.ResultsIntra- and inter-judge agreement for PCC was excellent with ICCs above 0.9, and so was the agreement of data from the CLP registry and the six judges’ re-assessments. The percentage agreement between all judges and the CLP registry for the quality indicator ≥86% correct consonants was poor (67%). However, in 88% of the cases, results from four judges and the CLP registry agreed, corresponding to good agreement. The mean of all kappa values for six judges and the CLP registry corresponded to good agreement (0.72).ConclusionsThe results indicate the PCC data in the CLP registry and the quality indicator ≥86% correct consonants to be reliable. When differences in outcome between treatment centres are detected, the raw data collected should always be re-examined before drawing definitive conclusions.
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| 4. |
- Saldert, Charlotta, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Complexity in measuring outcomes after communication partner training: Alignment between goals of intervention and methods of evaluation
- 2018
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Ingår i: Aphasiology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0268-7038 .- 1464-5041. ; 32:10, s. 1167-1193
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Researchers are currently discussing the need for consensus on a core set of outcome measures to assess interventions in aphasia. For indirect, environmental approaches to aphasia intervention, such as communication partner training (CPT), the roadmap to obtaining consensus on core outcome measures seems especially complex. While the purpose of CPT is to improve communication for people with communication disorders, the intervention is aimed at the communication partner. There is also a variety of goals, activities, and possible settings for CPT. This complexity increases the risk of a mismatch between the goals and content of the intervention and measures used to evaluate the outcome.Aims: The purpose of this paper is to describe the complexity of measuring outcomes from CPT. The aim is to enable clinicians and researchers to reflect on the outcomes to be measured and also on how different types of measures may or may not be aligned with the goals and content of a specific CPT intervention.Main contribution: The current proliferation of outcome measures used in CPT is considered in the light of a survey of general factors to be considered in evaluating intervention outcomes. The complexity of measuring outcomes in CPT is illustrated and the importance of alignment of main objectives, intervention tasks, and projected outcomes is exemplified by referencing two common types of CPT approaches. Objectives relating to knowledge of aphasia, interactional behaviour, and feelings and attitudes are considered in relation to specific outcome measurements. It is suggested that both study-specific and more general measures are needed for capturing and comparing outcomes. The measurement of relevant outcome in CPT is discussed along with implications for future research and clinical practice.Conclusions: Different CPT approaches share the same purpose of facilitating communication in aphasia, but their application in research studies or in the clinic, is specific to the particular context. Special care must thus be taken in both clinical practice and research to safeguard the alignment between objectives, tasks, and projected intervention outcomes and the actual measures used. Further, it is concluded that there is a need for the development of new measures based on a consensus on key outcomes to be measured in CPT.
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| 5. |
- Larsson, Anna Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Internationally adopted children with and without a cleft lip and palate showed no differences in language ability at school-age
- 2021
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Ingår i: Acta Pædiatrica. - : Wiley. - 1651-2227 .- 0803-5253. ; 110:1, s. 273-279
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate language ability in internationally adopted children aged 7-8 years with and without a unilateral cleft lip and palate. Methods: We compared 27 internationally adopted children with a unilateral cleft lip and palate, adopted from China, with a group of 29 children without a cleft lip and palate, adopted from different countries. Participants were recruited from two cleft lip and palate teams in Sweden and through adoption organisations. Assessments were performed using standardised tests of speech and of receptive and expressive language ability. In addition, a parental questionnaire in which speech, language and communication aspects were rated was used. Results: There were no significant differences in language ability between the groups. The only difference was related to speech ability, where the internationally adopted children with unilateral cleft lip and palate scored significantly lower. However, a high proportion of children in both groups scored low on measures of expressive language compared with test norms. Conclusion: The results suggested that having a cleft lip and palate did not increase the risk of language difficulties. Instead, being internationally adopted may be associated with a risk of delayed language development lasting for several years post-adoption.
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| 6. |
- Nakeva von Mentzer, Cecilia, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Computer-assisted training of phoneme-grapheme correspondence for children who are deaf and hard of hearing : Effects on phonological processing skills
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. - Amsterdam, Netherlands : Elsevier. - 0165-5876 .- 1872-8464. ; 77:12, s. 2049-2057
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Examine deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) children's phonological processing skills in relation to a reference group of children with normal hearing (NH) at two baselines pre intervention. Study the effects of computer-assisted phoneme-grapheme correspondence training in the children. Specifically analyze possible effects on DHH children's phonological processing skills.Methods: The study included 48 children who participated in a computer-assisted intervention study, which focuses on phoneme-grapheme correspondence. Children were 5, 6, and 7 years of age. There were 32 DHH children using cochlear implants (CI) or hearing aids (HA), or both in combination, and 16 children with NH. The study had a quasi-experimental design with three test occasions separated in time by four weeks; baseline 1 and 2 pre intervention, and 3 post intervention. Children performed tasks measuring lexical access, phonological processing, and letter knowledge. All children were asked to practice ten minutes per day at home supported by their parents.Results: NH children outperformed DHH children on the majority of tasks. All children improved their accuracy in phoneme-grapheme correspondence and output phonology as a function of the computer-assisted intervention. For the whole group of children, and specifically for children with CI, a lower initial phonological composite score was associated with a larger phonological change between baseline 2 and post intervention. Finally, 18 DHH children, whereof 11 children with CI, showed specific intervention effects on their phonological processing skills, and strong effect sizes for their improved accuracy of phoneme-grapheme correspondence.Conclusion: For some DHH children phonological processing skills are boosted relatively more by phoneme-grapheme correspondence training. This reflects the reciprocal relationship between phonological change and exposure to and manipulations of letters.
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| 7. |
- Asker-Árnason, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Process and product in writing : A methodological contribution to the assessment of written narratives in 8-12 year old Swedish children using ScriptLog
- 2008
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Ingår i: Logopedics Phoniatrics Vocology. - Oslo : Scandinavian University Press. - 1401-5439 .- 1651-2022. ; 33:3, s. 143-152
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Twenty-seven children, with typical language development (TLD), 8-10 years old and 10-12 years old, were assessed with keystroke-logging in order to investigate their narrative writing. Measures of the writing process and the written product were used. One purpose was to explore how children produce written narratives in on-line production, and to relate the writing process to the written product. The results showed that those children who produced the final text faster, also wrote stories that comprised of more words. In the group of older children, children with better narrative ability used less pause time than those with worse ability, and the girls were faster writers than the boys. We believe that keystroke-logging gives valuable information for the assessment of young children's writing and that it is a potentially valid assessment tool for children from about 10 years of age.
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| 8. |
- Karlsson, Fredrik, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Automatic acquisition of jitter and shimmer measurements across large sets of sustained vowel productions
- 2012
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Measurements of jitter and shimmer are frequently employed to quantify laryngeal control and stability during voice production in patients(1-3). Accurate estimates of jitter and shimmer may be obtained from acoustic recordings of sustained vowels produced by patients using computer software implementing algorithms for their extraction (e.g. Praat(4) or MDVP(5)). The jitter and shimmer algorithms do not, in themselves, exclude non-stable productions and are influenced by the inclusion of silence in the analysed intervals. As a consequence, reliable measurements of jitter and shimmer are made by manually opening each sound file and selecting an interval for the computations. The current paper proposes an alternative approach to afford a more efficient estimation of jitter and shimmer across a large set of sustained vowel recordings. Using information readily available in the acoustic signal and a combination of algorithms already available within the Praat program, a reliable method for automatic processing of only the sustained vowel in each recording of a large corpus is outlined. The method further affords the acquisition of multiple, repeatable, measurements of jitter and shimmer for sub-intervals of the vowel’s duration (applying more than one algorithm), which additionally provides information concerning the reliability of the jitter or shimmer estimates for a specific vowel production. Comparisons with manually obtained measurements are made for the purpose of validation of the segmentation method.
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| 9. |
- Eriksson, Karin, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Conversation partner training with a professional caregiver of a person with aphasia - Effects on everyday interaction
- 2013
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Ingår i: Konferens: "Atypical Interaction: Conversation Analysis and Communication Impairments", 130627-130628, University of Sheffield.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction One aspect of the concept of functional communication is the focus on ability to get information across and conversation partners may be trained to support communication in relation to communication disorders (Simmons-Mackie et al., 2010). However, if the main aim for an interaction is to get a message across it may have consequences for the amount of repair needed to accomplish the goal. As frequent and prolonged repair sequences may be seen as revealing incompetence in participants in interaction, such goals may be in conflict with goals related to the notion of face (Goffman, 1955; Wilkinson et al, 2003). The aim of this study is to describe the effects of a communication partner training program on everyday interaction between a person with aphasia and a professional carer at a nursing home. Method The study presented here is a case study with a time series design supplemented with conversation analysis. At each of seven baseline sessions and eight training sessions a sample of natural conversational interaction between the person with aphasia and his carer was video-recorded. Outcome of intervention was assessed with a rating scale by an assessor, blinded to where in the process of intervention the recordings were obtained. The scale is measuring the caregivers’ ability to apply strategies to support communication with this particular person with aphasia. The result from this quantitative measure is supplemented with qualitative analysis of the effects from the training on repair sequences in the interaction. Results and discussion Analyses of data are presently being performed and results will be discussed and related to a potential conflict between aspects of the concept of functional communication versus the concept of face in interaction in relation to communication disorders. References Goffman, E., (1955). On Face-work: An Analysis of Ritual Elements of Social Interaction. Psychiatry: Journal for the Study of Interpersonal Processes 18(3), 213-231. Simmons-Mackie, N., Raymer, A., Armstrong, E., Holland A., and Cherney, L.R. (2010) Communication partner training in aphasia: A systematic review. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 91, 1814-1837. Wilkinson, R., Beeke, S. & Maxim, J., (2003). Adapting to conversation. In: Goodwin (Ed), Conversation and Brain Damage. New York: Oxford university press, pp 59-89.
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| 10. |
- Taubner, Helena, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Still the same?–Self-identity dilemmas when living with post-stroke aphasia in a digitalised society
- 2020
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Ingår i: Aphasiology. - Abingdon : Informa UK Limited. - 0268-7038 .- 1464-5041. ; 34:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2019, © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Background: Self-identity construction through “stories of self” is highly relevant for people with aphasia, not only because the onset entails a “biographical disruption” but also since their ability to keep their “stories of self” going is reduced. Three dilemmas (constancy/change, sameness/difference and agency/dependency) are known to be central to identity. In a digitalised society like Sweden, self-identity construction, including the navigation of these dilemmas, takes place both online and offline. Nevertheless, research combining aphasia, identity and online issues is scarce. Aim: This qualitative study aims, in termsidentity dilemmas, to investigate self-identityconstruction in working-agepersons living with post-strokeaphasia in adigitalised society (i.e. Sweden). Are the dilemmas relevant to the participants, and if so, how do they navigate them online and offline? Methods and Procedures: Nine individuals (three men and six women, aged 24–54 at onset) with mild or moderate post-stroke aphasia participated. The data comprises nine individual audio-recorded interviews and 1,581 screenshots from online observations. Qualitative analyses were performed (vertically and horizontally), combining inductive and deductive approaches. Outcomes and Results: All three dilemmas are relevant to the participants. They construct their self-identity as both the same as they were pre-stroke and changed. They are both the same and different in relation to other stroke survivors (with or without aphasia), i.e. both “disabled” and “normal”. They display both dependency and agency. Thus, they navigate the dilemmas by constantly negotiating what to include in their stories of self. In addition, telling one story of self offline does not imply telling the same story online. Conclusion: The dilemmas are intertwined and highly relevant to the participants. Offline and online settings evoke different ways for them to navigate the dilemmas. Increased awareness of the possible struggle with self-identity dilemmas in people with aphasia, and the possible difference between their online and offline self-identities, should be of value to family members, clinicians and researchers. Further research based on a larger sample is suggested.
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