| 1. |
- Kjellin, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Compulsory psychiatric care in Sweden : development 1979-2002 and area variation
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0160-2527 .- 1873-6386. ; 31:1, s. 51-59
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As in many other countries, the Swedish legislation on compulsory psychiatric care has been revised several times during the last four decades. Great regional differences within the country in the use of compulsory psychiatric care have been reported. The aims of this study were to describe the development of compulsory psychiatric care in Sweden 1979–2002, and to analyse differences between two groups of counties, one group with high and one with low civil commitment rates, in terms of psychiatric care structure, resources and processes. Data on civil commitments and forensic psychiatric care in Sweden 1979–2002 were collected from public statistics. At least one responsible person in leading position (administrative manager or chief psychiatrist) in each of the included counties was interviewed. The total number of involuntarily hospitalised patients decreased about 80% between censuses in 1979 and 2002, but the rates of forensic patients were unchanged. No clear-cut differences were found in the analyses of structure, resources and processes of psychiatric services between counties with high and counties with low levels of compulsory care. The equality before the law may be questioned. The importance of leadership is emphasised for future analyses.
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| 2. |
- Wallsten, Tuula, et al.
(författare)
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Patients' and next-of-kins' attitudes towards compulsory psychiatric care
- 2008
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - Oslo : Taylor & Francis. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 62:6, s. 444-449
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The introduction of a new Civil Commitment Act in Sweden in 1992 involved a shift of emphasis from medical to judicial authority. Little is known about general patient attitudes to compulsory care. The aim of the study was to study possible differences in attitudes, before and after the mental health law reform, among involuntarily and voluntarily admitted patients and their next-of-kins towards involuntary psychiatric admission. Samples of 84 committed and 84 voluntarily admitted patients in 1991 and 118 committed and 117 voluntarily admitted patients in 1997-99 were interviewed within 5 days from admission and at discharge, or after 3 weeks of care. Samples of 64 next-of-kins to the committed patients and 69 next-of-kins to the voluntarily admitted patients in 1991, and 73 and 89 next-of-kins, respectively, in 1997-99 were interviewed approximately 1 month after the admission. Few changes in attitudes were found between the two study occasions. A majority of all patients stated that it should be possible to compulsorily admit patients, and a great majority of the patients and the next-of kins stated that decisions regarding compulsory admission should be taken by doctors. Most patients and next-of-kins regarded decisions about involuntary psychiatric care mainly as a medical matter. Strong support for coercion in order to protect the patient and others was found among next-of-kins. The law reform was not reflected in attitudinal differences.
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| 3. |
- Ambrus, Livia, et al.
(författare)
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Plasma Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Psychopathology in Attempted Suicide
- 2016
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Ingår i: Neuropsychobiology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0302-282X .- 1423-0224. ; 73:4, s. 241-248
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/Aims: Increasing evidence suggests a link between brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and suicidal behaviour (SB). Furthermore, decreased peripheral BDNF levels have been associated with clinical symptoms in various psychiatric disorders as well as with personality dimensions in healthy individuals. However, the relationship between BDNF and psychopathology is poorly investigated regarding SB. Methods: Plasma BDNF concentrations were analysed in 61 recent suicide attempters. Clinical symptoms were evaluated using the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale. Personality dimensions were assessed using the Marke-Nyman Temperament Scale. Results: Plasma BDNF correlated positively and significantly with the personality dimension Solidity but not with the other personality dimensions or with clinical symptoms. Conclusion: BDNF plays an important role in the regulation of neuroplasticity and neurogenesis in humans. Our results indicate that lower BDNF concentrations are associated with higher levels of impulsiveness and changeability (low scores on the Solidity scale). Furthermore, low plasma BDNF levels may be proposed as a trait marker rather than a state marker for attempted suicide. (C) 2016 S. Karger AG, Basel
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Bergqvist, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Health care utilisation two years prior to suicide in Sweden: a retrospective explorative study based on medical records
- 2022
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Ingår i: BMC Health Services Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-6963. ; 22:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective Previous literature has suggested that identifying putative differences in health care seeking patterns before death by suicide depending on age and gender may facilitate more targeted suicide preventive approaches. The aim of this study is to map health care utilisation among individuals in the two years prior to suicide in Sweden in 2015 and to examine possible age and gender differences. Methods Design: A retrospective explorative study with a medical record review covering the two years preceding suicide. Setting: All health care units located in 20 of Sweden's 21 regions. Participants: All individuals residing in participating regions who died by suicide during 2015 (n = 949). Results Almost 74% were in contact with a health care provider during the 3 months prior to suicide, and 60% within 4 weeks. Overall health care utilisation during the last month of life did not differ between age groups. However, a higher proportion of younger individuals (< 65 years) were in contact with psychiatric services, and a higher proportion of older individuals (>= 65 years) were in contact with primary and specialised somatic health care. The proportion of women with any type of health care contact during the observation period was larger than the corresponding proportion of men, although no gender difference was found among primary and specialised somatic health care users within four weeks and three months respectively prior to suicide. Conclusion Care utilisation before suicide varied by gender and age. Female suicide decedents seem to utilise health care to a larger extent than male decedents in the two years preceding death, except for the non-psychiatric services in closer proximity to death. Older adults seem to predominantly use non-psychiatric services, while younger individuals seek psychiatric services to a larger extent.
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| 6. |
- Nilsson, Ingeborg, et al.
(författare)
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Measuring perceived meaningfulness in day centres for persons with mental illness
- 2011
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 18:4, s. 312-320
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rationale: As support in leading a meaningful and active life, a person with mental illness is often given the opportunity to attend a day centre. However, few studies have investigated the meaningfulness perceived by the person visiting a day centre. For such a purpose, a self-report instrument was developed. Aims: To explore whether perceived meaningfulness, as expressed in the recently developed instrument Evaluation of Perceived Meaning in Day Centers (EPM-DC), could be viewed as one dimension and also to investigate the psychometric properties of this instrument. Methods: Persons with mental illness attending five day centres in Sweden participated and completed the questionnaire. The data were analysed by Rasch analysis. Major findings: The study showed that the concept captured in the instrument could be viewed as unidimensional and the result gave preliminary evidence for sound psychometric properties. Principal conclusion: The results indicate promising signs of validity and reliability, but the suitability of self-reporting may be questioned.
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| 7. |
- Malinowsky, Camilla, et al.
(författare)
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Test-retest reliability of the short version of the everyday technology use questionnaire (S-ETUQ).
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 27:8, s. 567-576
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Everyday technologies (ET) such as smart phones, and internet banking are increasingly incorporated into daily activities. Therefore, valid assessments are needed to identify ability in ET use and to design and evaluate interventions.Aims: To evaluate and compare the stability over time (test-retest reliability) of measures generated with the short version of the Everyday Technology Use Questionnaire (S-ETUQ) in older adults with cognitive impairment or mild dementia.Materials and Methods: Data was collected with S-ETUQ at two occasions (m = 20.9 days in between) in a sample of (n = 73) older adults with cognitive impairment of different origin (n = 38) or mild dementia (n = 35). Stability of each participant’s S-ETUQ measure was examined using standardised difference z-comparisons. The test-retest reliability coefficient of the S-ETUQ measures was determined by Intraclass Correlation Coefficients. Comparisons were performed using Mann-Whitney u-tests.Results: The S-ETUQ measures were statistically stable between the two occasions. Hence, the group of persons with cognitive impairment demonstrated slightly higher stability and fewer differences compared to the group with mild dementia. The ICCs (0.82–0.90) indicated good to excellent agreement.Conclusions: S- ETUQ can be used with older people with cognitive impairments of varying degree to gather reliable and precise information regarding their use of ET.
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| 8. |
- Markström, Urban, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Attitudes towards mental illness among health care students at Swedish universities : a follow-up study after completed clinical placement
- 2009
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Ingår i: Nurse Education Today. - : Elsevier Sciencedirect. - 0260-6917 .- 1532-2793. ; 29:6, s. 660-665
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the study was to examine the changes in attitudes towards mental illness after theorethical education and clinical placement among students from university programmes preparing for different kinds of health professions. Three different questionnaries were used, measuring the level of familaritiy with mental illness and attitudes towards mental illness in general and toward specific mental illnesses. The data were collected on two occasions, before the theorethical course and after the completed clinical placement. The result showed that the attitudes toward mental illnes in general had changed in a less stigmatising direction after the clinical placement. On the other hand, attitudes toward specific illnesses did not show any major changes.
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| 9. |
- Wirehag Nordh, Emme-Lina, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Preventive interventions for children of parents with depression, anxiety, or bipolar disorder : A quasi-experimental clinical trial
- 2023
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 112:1, s. 132-142
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim To investigate the effectiveness of preventive interventions for 8-17-year-old children of patients diagnosed with depression, anxiety, or bipolar disorder. Methods Sixty-two families including 89 children received either the more extensive Family Talk Intervention (FTI; n = 35), the brief Let's Talk about Children (LTC; n = 16), or Interventions as Usual (IAU; n = 38) in routine care in adult psychiatry. Parent-rated questionnaire data were collected at baseline, after 6 and 12 months. We used growth curve models to investigate the effect of intervention on child mental health problems (SDQ-P Total Difficulties) and perceived parental control of child behaviour (PLOC-PPC). Results Parents in the FTI and LTC groups, versus the IAU group, reported more favourable development in terms of preventing increase in child mental health problems with standardised intervention effects of d = -0.86 and -0.88 respectively, by study end, and reported improved perceived parental control, d = 1.08 and 0.71, respectively, by study end. No significant differences in effect were found when FTI and LTC were compared. Conclusions The results support continued use of FTI and LTC in adult psychiatry, and since LTC is a brief intervention, it might be useful as a minimum-level preventive intervention.
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| 10. |
- Forsström, David, et al.
(författare)
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Further Exploration of the Psychometric Properties of GamTest : A Rasch Analysis
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 18:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- GamTest is a self-rating scale of negative consequences of gambling, included in the popular responsible gambling tool Playscan as part of an overall risk assessment and feedback feature. Two previous psychometric evaluations of this instrument yielded contradictory results: in an online high-gambling population, a five-factor model was supported and the instrument had overall good psychometric properties, but in a low-gambling population, the same factor structure was not supported. Because GamTest is used with both low- and high-gambling populations, more psychometric research is needed to fully understand how the instrument works. The current study examined, for the first time, psychometric performance among a sample of low-gambling respondents using a Rasch analysis. Results indicated that the instrument could be improved by decreasing the scale-steps and removing several problematic items demonstrating misfit. Furthermore, the findings indicated that some items functioned differently depending on gender, and that a shortened, improved nine-item version could not differentiate between different levels of risk. Our findings suggest that the instrument would arguably benefit from being adapted for use in a low-gambling population.
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