| 1. |
- Strömland, Kerstin, 1934, et al.
(författare)
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Oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum: associated anomalies, functional deficits and possible developmental risk factors.
- 2007
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Ingår i: American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part A. - : Wiley. - 1552-4825 .- 1552-4833. ; 143A:12, s. 1317-1325
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Swedish patients with the oculo-auriculo-vertebral (OAV) spectrum participated in a prospective multidisciplinary investigation. The aims of the study were to describe their systemic and functional defects, especially autism spectrum disorders, and to search for possible etiologic risk factors. Available medical records were studied and the mothers answered a questionnaire on history of prenatal events. A clinical examination evaluating systemic findings, vision, hearing, speech, oral and swallowing function, and neuropsychiatric function, especially autism, was made. Eighteen patients, (11 males, 7 females) aged 8 months to 17 years with OAV were studied. Most frequent systemic malformations included, ear abnormalities (100%), ocular malformations (72%), vertebral deformities (67%), cerebral anomalies (50%), and congenital heart defects (33%). Functional defects consisted of hearing impairment (83%), visual impairment (28%), both visual and hearing impairment (28%), difficulties in feeding/eating (50%), speech (53%), mental retardation (39%), and severe autistic symptoms (11%). Three children were born following assisted fertilization (two intracytoplasmatic sperm injection, one in vitro fertilization), two mothers reported early bleedings, and six (33%) mothers had smoked during pregnancy.
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| 2. |
- Nilsson, Thomas, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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Aggressive Antisocial Behaviors Are Related to Character Maturity in Young Swedish Violent Offenders Independent of ADHD
- 2016
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychiatry. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-0640. ; 7:NOV, s. 1-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Antisocial personality and psychopathic traits have constantly been found to accompany criminal and aggressive behaviors, but little attention has been given to aspects of character maturity and its relation to such behaviors. The present study investigated (1) whether level of character maturity (low, medium, and high) is associated with amount of aggressive antisocial behaviors (AABs) and psychopathic traits in young men imprisoned for violent criminality, and (2) whether such an association is independent of coexisting attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: Swedish males (N = 270, aged 18–25) sentenced to prison for violent and/or sexual criminality in the western region of the Swedish Prison and Probation Service underwent a thorough clinical examination during their in carceration. Data on character maturity, as measured by the character dimensions Self-Directedness and Cooperativeness of the Temperament and Character Inventory, were available for n = 148 subjects and were used to divide these offenders into three groups with low, medium, and high character maturity. These groups were then compared for variables reflecting criminal history, a DSM-IV diagnosis of ADHD, conduct disorder (CD) and substance use disorders (SUD), aggressive behaviors, and psychopathic traits. Results: Character maturity was consistently associated with less AABs and psychopathic personality traits; the group with the highest character maturity showed: (i) a later age at on set of criminality, (ii) a smaller number of prior violent criminal acts, (iii) lower prevalence of ADHD, CD, and SUD, (iv) less self-rated and expert-rated aggressive behaviors, and (v) less psychopathic traits. The association between character maturity and aggressive behaviors/psychopathic personality traits remained even when ADHD was controlled for. The only exception was sexual criminality, where the group with the highest character maturity contained the largest amount of sexual offenders. Conclusion: Higher character maturity appeared to be a protective factor among young male violent offenders, associated with less AABs, suggesting that character maturity isa promising target for treatment interventions for this group of individuals.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Cedergren, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
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Monitoring medication response in ADHD: what can continuous performance tests tell us?
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0940-1334 .- 1433-8491. ; 272:2, s. 291-299
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Documenting effectiveness of ADHD medication is essential throughout the course of treatment. A rating scale and a continuous performance test (CPT) with motion tracking were used to study the effect of ADHD medication including compliance during one year. Children (N = 78, age 6-18 years) with ADHD were tested with the QbTest at baseline, visit 1 (1 month after baseline) and visit 5 (12 months after baseline). The ADHD-Rating scale was rated by investigator interview at the same visits. QbTest results and ADHD-RS ratings showed reductions in symptoms on all cardinal parameters of the QbTest and on all ADHD-RS subscales between baseline and 1 month and between baseline and 12 months. There was a weak but significant correlation between the total change scores on the two measures from baseline to 1 month. Eighteen participants dropped out of the study before visit 5; at baseline, these children showed significantly lower results on the inattention parameter of the QbTest, with faster reaction time and lower variation in reaction time, suggesting they suffered less problems with inattention. Both the QbTest and the ADHD-RS showed robust ADHD symptom improvements indicative of medication effect, and the QbTest results might also predict non-compliance of medication. Further research is warranted to increase knowledge about reliable monitoring of long-term medication and compliance.
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| 5. |
- Nilsson, Gill, et al.
(författare)
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Neurodevelopmental problems should be considered in children with febrile seizures
- 2019
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 108:8, s. 1507-1514
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: Clinical developmental phenotyping of four- to five-year-old children with febrile seizures (FSs).Methods: Children with FS (n = 157, corresponding to 3.7% of the targeted general population of four-five-year-olds) had been identified at child healthcare centres in Gothenburg. Parents of 73 children (41 boys, 32 girls) accepted participation in the present study. The assessments included a neuropaediatric assessment, Movement ABC, Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-III and parent questionnaires (Five-to-Fifteen (FTF) and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ)). Hospital records were reviewed, when applicable.Results: One-third of the children had at least one DSM-5 neurodevelopmental disorder diagnosis or marked developmental problems within areas of attention, activity regulation, behaviour, speech and language, general cognition or motor functioning. No differences were found between children with single vs recurrent or simple vs complex FS.Conclusion: Febrile seizure are relatively often associated with Early Symptomatic Syndromes Eliciting Neurodevelopmental Clinical Examinations (ESSENCEs). We found no indications that ESSENCE might be caused by FS per se. However, the results suggest that child healthcare professionals should consider the possibility of ESSENCE in children with a history of FS.
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| 6. |
- Hogberg, C., et al.
(författare)
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Diagnostic validity of the MINI-KID disorder classifications in specialized child and adolescent psychiatric outpatient clinics in Sweden
- 2019
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Ingår i: Bmc Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-244X. ; 19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundMissing diagnostic information often results poor accuracy of the clinical diagnostic decision process. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents (MINI-KID) is a short standardized diagnostic interview and covers a rather broad range of diagnoses applicable to children and adolescents. MINI-KID disorder classifications have shown test-retest reliability and validity comparable to other standardized diagnostic interviews and is claimed to be a useful tool for diagnostic screening in Child and Adolescent Psychiatric care. The concordance between the Swedish language version of the MINI-KID Interview and LEAD (Longitudinal, Expert, All Data) research diagnoses was studied in secondary child and adolescent psychiatric outpatient care.MethodsMINI-KID interviews were performed for 101 patients, boys n=50, girls n=51, aged 4 to 18years. The duration of the interview was on average 46min, the child/adolescent participating together with the parent(s) in most cases. The seven most prevalent diagnoses were included in the analyses.ResultsThe average overall percent agreement (OPA) between MINI-KID and LEAD was 79.5%, the average percent positive agreement (PPA) 35.4 and the average percent negative agreement (NPA) 92.7. OPA was highest for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) (0.89), Tic disorders (0.88) and Pervasive developmental disorders (0.81). There were similar results in diagnostic agreement comparing the two versions: the standard MINI-KID and MINI-KID for parents. The specific screening questions in MINI-KID resulted in additional preliminary diagnoses compared with the regular initial clinical assessment.ConclusionsOverall, there was an acceptable agreement between MINI-KID disorder classifications and research diagnoses according to LEAD. The standardized interview MINI-KID could be considered as a tool with the possibility to give valuable information in the diagnostic process in child and adolescent care which is similar to the setting in the present study.
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| 7. |
- Cavonius-Rintahaka, Diana, et al.
(författare)
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Dialogical Family Guidance (dfg)-Development and implementation of an intervention for families with a child with neurodevelopmental disorders
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nursing Open. - : Wiley. - 2054-1058. ; 8:1, s. 17-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To describe the development and implementation of a Dialogical Family Guidance (DFG) intervention, aimed at families with a child with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD). Design: The DFG components are presented and the content of a DFG training course. Professionals' experiences after the DFG training were evaluated. Methods: Dialogical Family Guidance development phases and implementation process are examined. The Revised Standards for Quality Improvement Reporting Excellence checklist (SQUIRE 2.0) was used to provide a framework for reporting new knowledge. Results: The DFG training course seemed to increase possibilities of a more independent role as a nurse to deliver the DFG family intervention. The project showed that the use of dialogue can be difficult for some professionals. Analysis of the questionnaire completed after DFG training reported a high level of satisfaction. DFG training offered a new approach to deliver knowledge and understanding to families using dialogue, including tailored psychoeducation and emotional and practical guidance.
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| 8. |
- Hildebrand Karlén, Malin, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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A bad start: The combined effects of early onset substance use and adhd and cd on criminality patterns, substance abuse and psychiatric comorbidity among young violent offenders
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal for Person-Oriented Research. - : Journal for Person-Oriented Research. - 2002-0244 .- 2003-0177. ; 6:1, s. 39-55
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2020, Lundh Research Foundation. All rights reserved. Substance abuse, conduct disorder (CD) and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are all known risk factors for developing aggressive behaviors, criminality, other psychiatric comorbidity and substance use disorders (SUD). Since early age of onset is important for aggravating the impact of several of these risk factors, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether young adult violent offenders with different patterns of early onset externalizing problems (here: substance use < age 15, ADHD, CD) had resulted in different criminality profiles, substance use problem profiles and psychiatric comorbidity in young adult age. A mixed-method approach was used, combining a variable-oriented approach (with Kruskal Wallis tests) and a person-oriented approach (with Configural frequency analysis). Overall, this combined approach indicated that persons with combined ADHD+CD and persons with CD + early onset of substance use had a more varied history of violent crimes, a more comprehensive history of aggressive behaviors in general, and more psychiatric comorbidity, as well as more varied SUD and destructive substance abuse in adult age, than persons without ADHD, CD or early SU. Results are in line with previous variable-oriented research, but also indicate that individuals in this group with heavy problem aggregation early in life have a wider spectrum of problems in young adult age. Importantly, among these young violent offenders, problem aggregation was the overwhelming norm, and not the exception, as in studies of the general population. This emphasizes the need for early coordinated interventions, but also that treatment within correctional facilities in adult age needs to be comprehensive and take individual patterns of comorbidity into account.
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| 9. |
- Åsberg Johnels, Jakob, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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The relationship between intelligence and global adaptive functioning in young people with or without neurodevelopmental disorders
- 2021
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Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123. ; 303
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous studies have shown an association between IQ and adaptive global functioning, i.e. how well a person is functioning in different domains of life. However, it is unclear to what extent such an association applies in children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). The study group consisted of 550 population-screened children assessed with the K-SADS, WISC-IV, and the C-GAS. Approximately half of the sample had been diagnosed with one or several NDDs (ADHD, autism, language disorder and tic disorder). A factorial ANOVA with IQ level and the presence of NDD was conducted, with C-GAS score as the dependent variable. Results revealed a significant interaction effect between IQ-group and NDD-status. In the non-NDD group (49% girls), higher IQ scores were clearly linked with better global adaptive functioning. Among children with NDDs (35% girls), however, higher IQ scores were not clearly associated with better functioning. Thus, the association between IQ and adaptive functioning were found to differ depending on the presence of NDD. These results have implications for the interpretation of IQ test results in neurodevelopmental assessments and point towards the importance of providing support based on an assessment of needs and functioning rather than scores from IQ tests.
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| 10. |
- Sjödin, Anna-Kari, et al.
(författare)
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Dating violence compared to other types of violence: similar offenders but different victims
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context. - : Colegio Oficial de Psicologos de Madrid. - 1889-1861. ; 9:2, s. 83-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to characterize young dating violent offenders (DVO), and to compare them to the general population and to young offenders with violent crimes directed against other victims. We have used data from the Development of Aggressive Antisocial Behaviour Study, in all 262 young men, 18 to 25 years, convicted of violent crimes and imprisoned in the Western Region of the Swedish Prison and Probation Services. We found that young DVO offenders differed from the general population in all investigated areas; however, the group did not differ in comparisons to other young violent offenders. Our results highlight the antisocial aspects of dating violent crime being rooted in aggressive antisocial behaviour, lacking signs of any specific offender type characteristics, thus questioning the validity of crime specific treatment programs in prison for young offenders of dating violence. (C) 2017 Colegio Oficial de Psicologos de Madrid. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L.U.
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