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- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Cooperativeness
- 2017
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Ingår i: V. Zeigler-Hill & T. Shackelford (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences.. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319280998
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Cooperativeness (concept of relations with others) is one of the three aspects of human character in Cloninger’s biopsychosociospiritual model of personality (Cloninger, Svrakic & Przybeck, 1993). This character trait is a measure of how well people get along with others, that is, tolerance, helpfulness, empathy, compassion, and social principles (Cloninger, 2004).
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Self-transcendence
- 2017
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Ingår i: V. Zeigler-Hill & T. Shackelford (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences.. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319280998
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Self-transcendence (concept of our participation in the world as a whole) is one of the three aspects of human character in Cloninger’s biopsychosociospiritual model of personality (Cloninger, Svrakic & Przybeck, 1993). This character trait is a measure of how well people identify themselves as an integral part of the universe as a whole and their experience of something elevated that goes beyond ourselves, that is, self-forgetfulness, transpersonal identification, spiritual acceptance, contemplation, idealism (Cloninger, 2004).
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| 5. |
- Cloninger, Kevin M., et al.
(författare)
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Increases in character development, resilience, and well-being among participants in Anthropedia's well-being coaching training
- 2018
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Ingår i: 30th APS Annual Convention. San Francisco, CA, USA: 24-27 May 2018.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study examined the impacts of the year-long, 270-hour, Anthropedia Well-Being Coaching Training on character development, health, and resilience. There was a significant increase in subjective well-being, and character development including self-acceptance, empathy, moral reasoning, and self-transcendence as a whole as measured by the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI).
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| 6. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Character, responsibility, and well-being: influences on mental health and constructive behavior patterns
- 2015
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - 1664-1078. ; 6:1079, s. 1-2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this Research Topic researchers offer their perspective on character, responsibility and well-being. Ruch and his colleagues, using other measures for character, offer a series of articles ranging from life satisfaction among religious people (Berthold & Ruch, 2014) to good character in school (Wagner & Ruch, 2015). Abele develops the idea of how communal values need to be pursued in agentic ways (Abele, 2014), while Garcia and his colleagues give an insight into the possible use of character-centered teams at work places (e.g., Garcia, Lindskär & Archer, 2014) and also its etiology in adolescence (Garcia et al., 2014). Continuing this line, Jeppsson (2014) gives a philosophical perspective on responsibility in the field of criminal justice. Finally, Moreira and colleagues (2014) show the importance of character and its relation to well-being during adolescence, while Nilsson (2014) gives a critical opinion of the need of introducing the perspective of worldview when studying the association between personality and well-being. With this range of different takes on the interactions between character, responsibility and well-being we hope to give a new perspective on the investigation of personality’s role on human health and well-being.
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| 7. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Neuropsychiatric Disorders at Childhood and Character (Self-directedness and Cooperativeness) in Adolescence as Predictors of Negative Outcomes in 18 Years Old Twins
- 2015
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Ingår i: 4th World Congress on Positive Psychology. Lake Buena Vista, Florida, USA..
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Cloninger’s psychobiological model defines personality as a self-organizing multidimensional complex adaptive system composed of temperament (i.e., individual differences in automatic responses to emotional stimuli) and character (i.e., individual differences in intentional goals and values). More recently, for instance, low levels of character have been linked to ADHD, ASDs, criminality, and substance abuse. Nevertheless, deficits in character may as well only be part of the disorders. Method: We used longitudinal data from the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden: diagnosis at 9/12 years of age, character measured at 15 and 18 years of age, self- reported criminality and substance abuse at 18 years of age. Results: Hierarchical regressions showed that the diagnosis at 9/12 years of age slightly predicted negative outcomes at 18 (R2 = .02, p < .001). Character at 15 added 10% in prediction value (R2 change = .10, p < .001) to the model, while character at 18 added 6% in prediction value (R2 change = .06, p < .001). Conclusion: The results suggest that character development is a independent predictor of negative outcomes in life. Thus, interventions targeting character development might be successful even among individuals with neuropsychiatric disorders.
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| 8. |
- Granjard, Alexandre, et al.
(författare)
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Personality Profiles in a Sample of Swedish Long-Term Unemployed
- 2019
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Ingår i: The International Journal of Person Centered Medicine. - : University of Buckingham Press. - 2043-7730 .- 2043-7749. ; 9:4, s. 17-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Long-term unemployment is associated with psychiatric problems, higher risk of suicide, low levels of well-being, and high levels of burnout. In this context, among other factors such as sociodemographic status and IQ, specific personality traits are important for individuals’ chances to finding a job, getting hired, and retaining that job, as well as for coping with the mental health risks related to long-term unemployment. Thus, in order to use person-centered methods to promote public health and sustainable employment during the current and future challenges of the 21st century, an important research area is the mapping and understanding of personality profiles of individuals who are unemployed. Objectives: We mapped the personality traits and profiles in a sample of Swedish long-term unemployed (i.e., ≥ 6 months without work) in relation to a control group from the Swedish general population. Method: 245 long-term unemployed individuals (136 men and 157 women, range 18 to 60 years; M = 25.7; SD = 9.6) were recruited at the beginning of different well-being and employment projects in Blekinge, Sweden. The participants reported gender, age, and other basic demographics, as well as their personality using the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). We calculated the T-scores and percentiles for the personality traits using the Swedish normative data (N = 1,948) and clustered participants in different temperament (high/low novelty seeking: N/n, high/low harm avoidance: H/h, high/low reward dependence: R/r) and character profiles (high/low self-directedness: S/s, high/low cooperativeness: C/c, high/low self-transcendence: T/t). Results: Compared to the general population, the long-term unemployed were extremely higher in harm avoidance (> 1.5 standard deviation), moderately lower in persistence (> 0.5 standard deviation), extremely lower in self-directedness (> 2 standard deviations), and moderately lower in novelty seeking (> 0.5 standard deviation). That is, consistent with past research, our study shows that the personality of long-term unemployed is denoted by being pessimistic, fearful, easily fatigable, underachieving, blaming, helpless, and unfulfilled (i.e., high harm avoidance, low persistence, and low self-directedness), but also by being reserved and rigid (i.e., low novelty seeking). Furthermore, within the unemployed population, as much as 71.60% reported a methodical (nHr) or cautious profile (nHR), and as much as 64.00% reported an apathetic (sct) or a disorganized profile (scT). Moreover, the profile analyses allowed us to show that, within this unemployed population and in relation to each individual’s own profile, about 91.70% were high in harm avoidance, 98.60% were low in self-directedness, 64.00% were low in cooperativeness, and 44.40% low in self-transcendence. Conclusions: These results indicate a high predictive value by the TCI, especially regarding the specific basic health-related traits or abilities (i.e., self-directedness, cooperativeness, and self-transcendence) needed to cope with the risks related to unemployment. Specifically, long-term unemployed populations have temperament profiles that present difficulties for them to adapt to the circumstances of unemployment, but also finding, getting, and retaining a job and character profiles that diminish their possibilities to self-regulate the emotions derived from their temperament through self-directed choices that improve their health and all aspects of their lives. Hence, evidence-based interventions targeting stress reduction and the development of health-related traits or abilities (i.e., self-directedness, cooperativeness, and self-transcendence) are urgently needed.
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| 9. |
- Sailer, Uta, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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A happier and less sinister past, a more hedonistic and less fatalistic present and a more structured future: time perspective and well-being
- 2014
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Ingår i: PeerJ. - : PeerJ. - 2167-8359. ; 2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Previous studies have established a link between how people relate to their past, present, and future (i.e., time perspective) and subjective well-being (i.e., life satisfaction, positive and negative affect). Time perspective comprises five dimensions: Past Positive, Past Negative, Present Hedonistic, Present Fatalistic, and Future. Life satisfaction can also be evaluated in relation to different time frames. Moreover, approach related positive affect is associated to a different concept of well-being labeled psychological well-being. In the present study we extend previous findings by investigating the effect of time perspective on the time frame of evalua- tions of life satisfaction (past, present, future) and by investigating the relationship between time perspective and psychological well-being. Method. Questionnaires on time perspective (Zimbardo’s Time Perspective In- ventory), temporal life satisfaction (Temporal Satisfaction with Life Scale), affect (Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule), and psychological well-being (Scales of Psychological Well-Being—short version) were answered by 453 individuals. Two different structural equation models were tested, one of the relationship between time perspective and temporal life satisfaction, and the other of the relationship between time perspective, affect and psychological well-being. Results. Time perspective affected life satisfaction depending on the time scale on which it was evaluated—memory of a negative past influenced life satisfaction in all time frames, and a positive view of the past influenced both past and future life satisfaction. Moreover, less rumination about past negative events (i.e., low score on Past Negative), the tendency to take risks in the present to achieve happy feelings and/or avoid boredom (i.e., high scores on Present Hedonistic), and a less hopeless and pessimistic view about the present (low scores on Present Fatalistic) were asso- ciated with higher levels of psychological well-being and positive affect. These same time perspective dimensions were associated with lower levels of negative affect. The Future time perspective dimension (i.e., approaching life with self-control, punctu- ality, and planning for the future) was associated with both psychological well-being and positive affect. Conclusions. High levels of both subjective and psychological well-being are related to a happier and a less sinister past, a more hedonistic and less fatalistic present, as well as to a more structured future.
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| 10. |
- Granjard, Alexandre, et al.
(författare)
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Occupation and life satisfaction among individuals with mental illness: The mediation role of self-reported psychophysiological health
- 2021
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Ingår i: PeerJ. - : PeerJ. - 2376-5992 .- 2167-8359. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Unemployment can diminish physical, psychological and social health. In this context, research shows that people with mental illness have even more difficulties finding occupation. Thus, some countries, such as Sweden, strive after creating job opportunities for this specific group. We investigated the effect of having an occupation on life satisfaction among individuals with mental illness and whether self-reported physical and psychological health mediated the relationship between being (un)employed and life satisfaction. Method: Two-hundred eighty-seven individuals (148 males, 134 females, and 5 missing information) with mental illness, who received support and services from Swedish Municipalities in Blekinge, self-reported occupation, life satisfaction, and physical and psychological health. Results: Participants who reported having an occupation reported also significantly higher levels of life satisfaction, physical health, and psychological health compared to those without occupation. Nevertheless, these differences were rather small (Eta2 < 0.06). Moreover, the indirect effect of having an occupation on life satisfaction through physical and psychological health was significant. Finally, the total indirect effect of physical and psychological health (i.e., psychophysiological health) accounted for 53% of the total effect of having an occupation on life satisfaction. Conclusion: For individuals with mental illness there seems to be an almost equal importance of indirect and direct effects of having an occupation on their levels of life satisfaction. More specifically, while there are differences in life satisfaction within this population in relation to having an occupation, having an occupation leads to the sense of good psychophysiological health, which in turn helps individuals with mental illness to feel satisfied with their lives.
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