| 1. |
- Mårdh, Per-Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Intrauterine lung infection with Chlamydia trachomatis in a premature infant
- 1984
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-656X .- 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 73:4, s. 569-572
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study shows the probable intrauterine infection with Chlamydia trachomatis in a premature infant born in the 29th week of gestation. Chlamydiae were isolated from lung tissue collected at sterile autopsy and also demonstrated in sections of such tissue by immunofluorescence tests using monoclonal antibodies.
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| 2. |
- Elgaali, M, et al.
(författare)
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Female genital mutilation - an exported medical hazard
- 2005
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Ingår i: European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1362-5187 .- 1473-0782. ; 10:2, s. 93-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Female circumcision (FC) has remained a common practice in the countries where it has traditionally been performed. Following increased global mobility, it has also become a common medical issue in the predominantly non-Islamic countries where an increasing number of immigrants from regions where FC is still traditional, have settled. Objectives To investigate types of FC found in a group of immigrants from northern Africa with a current domicile in Scandinavia. To characterize these women with regard to education, socio-economic status and experienced complications and sequelae. To report attitudes to FC among the women and their husbands. Methods An autoquestionnaire was distributed to 220 immigrant women (16-42 years old), who belonged to an African community in Scandinavia and who had an been circumcised. Information was also gathered concerning 76 of their daughters (aged 1-13 years). Of the women's husbands, 95 were asked about their attitudes to FC. Results Of the 140 women, who had been circumcised in their home country before they migrated, 78 (35%) had been clitoridectomized, 38 (17%) had been subjected to genital excision and 24 (11%) to infibulation. The corresponding percentages in the remaining women, who had had FC when returning home for a visit, were 0%, 14% and 22%, respectively. Of the daughters, 15 (19%) had been circumcised whilst living in Scandinavia; all had been clitoridectornized. Twenty-eight (13%) women reported having experienced late complications or post-FC sequelae. A positive attitude to stopping the tradition of FC was reported twice as often by the husbands (69%) as by the circumcised women (35%). Religion (95% of the responders were Muslims and 5% Christians), cultural tradition, and increased chance of marriage or of continued health were the reasons put for-ward in favor of the continuation of FC by 58%, 27%, 10% and 4%, respectively. Five per cent could not supply an opinion. Conclusions FC is performed in immigrant women even after settling in areas where this practise is legally banned. Circumcised immigrant women experience medical and sexual problems which have to be dealt with in their new domicile country. Many African Islamic women, who have migrated to Scandinavia, seem still to be in favour of the continuation of circumcision for varying reasons.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Hellberg, D, et al.
(författare)
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The diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis and vaginal flora changes
- 2001
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Ingår i: Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-0711 .- 0932-0067. ; 265:1, s. 11-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a population of 956 women, attending for contraceptive advice, 131 (13.7%) were found to have BV acording to Amsel's criteria. Clue cells were detected in 200 (20.9%) women, a positive amine ('sniff') test in 191 (20.0%), a vaginal pH > or = 4.7 in 243 (25.4%) and a "characteristic" vaginal discharge in 104 (10.9%) women. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values in relation to BV were calculated for each of these four criteria. The detection of clue cells, an increased pH and a positive sniff test showed excellent sensitivity (86-100%) values, but had a less satisfactory positive predictive value (52-68%). Vaginal discharge was found to be a poor predictor of BV. The vaginal flora in women with clue cells, increased vaginal pH or a positive sniff test was very similar to that of the women with BV, every after excluding concomitant cases of BV and the three respective criteria. Thus, a positive amine test, which is easily performed, strongly suggests BV and a vaginal flora predominated by Gardnerella vaginalis, Mycoplasma hominis, Mobiluncus species and anaerobic species on one hand, and lack of lactobacilli on the other. When there is a clinical suspicion of BV, the sniff test is positive and differential diagnoses are excluded, one can safely treat a woman for bacterial vaginosis.
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| 5. |
- Henic, Emir, et al.
(författare)
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Mannan-binding lectin in women with a history of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis.
- 2010
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Ingår i: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-2115. ; 148:2, s. 163-165
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To determine the serum concentration of mannan-binding lectin (MBL), a component of the innate immune system, in women with a history of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) and to correlate the result to candida-cultures, contraceptive use, if any, and to different antifungal therapies. STUDY DESIGN: Twenty-nine women with a history of RVVC were investigated. Cultures of vulvar and vaginal samples were grown on chromogenic agar. Serum levels of MBL were determined by a sandwich time-resolved immunofluorometric assay, using anti-MBL coated microtiter wells containing samples, which were washed, incubated with biotinylated anti-MBL followed by europium-labeled streptavidin and measured by time-resolved flourometry. RESULTS: The median MBL level was higher in the RVVC cases than in 30 women with no history of genital candida infection who served as a comparison group (p=0.006). It was also higher in the candida-positive than in the culture-negative RVVC (p=0.02). The median concentration of MBL was also higher in hormonal contraceptive users as compared to condom-users and those using no contraceptive at all (p=0.03). CONCLUSION: The result indicates a role of MBL in RVVC and the production may correlate to vulvar/vaginal colonization by Candida, hormonal contraceptive use, and antifungal therapies.
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| 6. |
- Kurova, T, et al.
(författare)
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Prostitution in Riga, Latvia--a socio-medical matter of concern
- 1998
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Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 1600-0412 .- 0001-6349. ; 77:1, s. 83-86
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To study the background and the working and socio-economic conditions, and the prevalence of some sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), among street and sex club female Latvian prostitutes. STUDY DESIGN: Structured in-depth interviews, as well as clinical examination and laboratory tests for gonorrhea, syphilis, bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis, ectoparasites and HIV-infections. RESULTS: Approximately half of the 107 women stemmed from rural Latvian villages, the rest from the capital city of Riga. Of the women, 15-43 years, 36% were ethnic Latvians and 56% ethnic Russians, as compared to 58% vs. 32% of the population of Latvia. Poor economy with unemployment and miserly living conditions were the main reasons for recruitment to prostitution. The income per client was in the range of 25-30 USD (10-15 Ls), but the pimp and brothel/sex club owner often requires half of the women's fees. Unprotected intercourse was common. Twenty of the women were found to be pregnant. One tenth used narcotic drugs, e.g. ecstasy. The prevalences of gonorrhea, active syphilis, bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis and ectoparasites were 10.2%, 15.7%, 68.2%, 35.5% and 15.9% respectively. None was HIV-infected. CONCLUSIONS: There is an urgent need for regulation of the Latvian 'sex industry', means for providing prostitutes with adequate contraceptives, and to allocate resources to clinics for investigation, therapy and counseling.
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| 7. |
- Mårdh, Per-Anders
(författare)
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Aetiology, diagnosis and therapyof sexually transmitted and allied infections-reflections on novel observations and current trends.
- 2006
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Ingår i: European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1362-5187 .- 1473-0782. ; 11:3, s. 169-174
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present communication highlights aspects on the aetiology, diagnosis and therapy of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and some allied infections in which sexual transmission is regarded as possible. The aetiology of many genital infections is still unknown or rather, an aetiological relationship between a given agent and a clinical manifestation is in some infections still debated. The paper will discuss some shortcomings in the current surveillance systems for STIs, if these systems exist at an. Thus, the paper considers their value in estimating the extent of the problem on a general population basis. It also focuses on the discrepancy between the current high prevalence of diagnosed cases of some STIs, such as of genital chlamydia infections, and the relatively low number of complications and sequelae presently seen, in contrast to the comparatively high prevalence more commonly reported in the past. Recent discoveries of novel aetiological agents of STIs, including mycoplasmas, may explain a lack of recovery from infections, due to the common use of antibiotic drugs to which these agents have a natural resistance. The observation of a synergistic effect of a commonly used anti-inflammatory drug, which may overcome antifungal resistance in vulvovaginal candidiasis, will also be reviewed. Furthermore, other reflections concern some of the classic STIs, e.g. lymphogranuloma verenerium, syphilis, gonorrhoea, herpes and condyloma.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Mårdh, Per-Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Are oral contraceptives masking symptoms of chlamydial cervicitis and pelvic inflammatory disease?
- 1998
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Ingår i: European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care. - 1362-5187. ; 3:1, s. 41-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tubal factor infertility is often diagnosed without any documented history of pelvic inflammatory disease. Chlamydial infection is one of the most common causes of pelvic inflammatory disease and likely also of infertility and ectopic pregnancy. Oral contraceptives may alter the course of chlamydial infections which may mask the clinical expression of the disease. This paper considers a number of unresolved matters related to oral contraceptive use and its possible influence on the epidemiology and course of chlamydial pelvic inflammatory disease.
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