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| 2. |
- Munthe, Christian, 1962
(författare)
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Etiska aspekter på regenerativ medicin : Ethical aspects on regenerative medicine
- 2003
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Ingår i: SNIB-konferensen 2003, Chalmers tekniska högskola, Göteborg, 16-18 maj 2003.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Inom den regenerativa medicinen strävar man efter att ersätta skadat eller sjukligt biologiskt mänskligt material (celler, organ, kroppsdelar) med nya biologiska komponenter. Området aktualiserar en rad etiska frågeställningar vad gäller (1) produktionen av ersättningsmaterialet (t.ex. embryonala stamceller eller införskaffande av transplantationsvävnad från donatorer), (2) risker i samband med försök på människa (genmodifierat material, material från djur), samt (3) gränserna för hur långt man bör gå i denna slags försök att förlänga människans livsspann. Föredraget ger en kort översikt över dessa frågeställningar, ståndpunkter och argument i debatten kring dem.
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| 3. |
- Munthe, Christian, 1962
(författare)
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Will IVF ever be the norm?
- 2014
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Ingår i: Future of IVF - A Brave New World? ESHRE symposium, September 26-27, Stockholm.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Jing, Yujia, 1985
(författare)
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Hyperthermia-responsive liposomal systems
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Abstract Sophisticated liposomal systems are emerging at an increasing rate to meet the demands for multifunctional drug carriers in chemotherapies in combined with hyperthermia. For example, liposomal drug carriers for temperature-controlled drug release under hyperthermic conditions have recently been tested in clinical trials. More advanced designs of liposomes are expected to release encapsulated contents and activate hidden surface-functions in response to heat stimulus. Towards this aim, the present thesis is focused on formulating asymmetric lipid systems that can preserve functional moieties, and reactivate the targeted function as well as release the encapsulated compounds upon local heating. The design of the asymmetric liposomal systems utilizes the heat-activated transmembrane lipid diffusion during gel to liquid-crystalline phase transitions of the lipid membranes.Rational design of advanced liposomal drug-delivery systems will require understanding of the physicochemical properties of lipid membranes under, e.g., hyperthermic conditions. Here, supported lipid membranes on planar solid surfaces were used for model studies of lipid composition yielding a gel to liquid crystalline phase-transition temperature in the range 40 – 45 °C. It was found that the liposome-to-membrane formation process is not only size-dependent but also governed by temperature. Two methods of preparing supported asymmetric lipid membranes were investigated. As a proof-of-concept, the upper leaflets were either replaced or chemically transformed by enzymatic hydrolysis. The processes were monitored using surface sensitive techniques such as quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) and dual polarization interferometry (DPI). The asymmetric structures were stable at a room temperature, while lipid flip-flop was induced upon increasing of the temperature. Transmembrane lipid exchange in the asymmetric structure under hyperthermic conditions was demonstrated by detecting, through streptavidin binding, biotinylated lipids appearing at the top leaflet which were first located in the lower leaflet. The protocols developed for the supported lipid systems were adapted for the preparation of asymmetric liposomes. Biotinylated asymmetric liposomes were used as a model system to demonstrate the principle of heat-activated targeting of asymmetric liposomes to streptavidin-coated surfaces. More biologically relevant interaction was utilized to replace the biotin-streptavidin function, where asymmetric cationic liposomes were binding to anionic supported membrane immobilized surfaces upon heating. The described strategies for assembly of asymmetric supported membranes provide a guide to the development of multifunctional drug carriers. The protocols used in experiments with supported membranes were readily adapted to the preparation of asymmetric liposomes. The ongoing study tests the asymmetric liposomes in vitro, which is designed to demonstrate hyperthermia treatment can enhance accumulation of liposomes in FaDu cells, and at the same time activate release of the encapsulated components. The results of in vitro tests can be used to analyze the feasibility of utilizing the asymmetric liposomes as a platform in vivo to explore further improvement in their functions upon microwave hyperthermia.
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| 6. |
- Juth, Niklas, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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The Ethics of Screening in Health Care and Medicine: Serving Society or Serving the Patient?
- 2012
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Medical or health-oriented screening programs are amongst the most debated aspects of health care and public health practices in health care and public health ethics, as well as health policy discussions. In spite of this, most treatments of screening in the research literature restrict themselves to isolated scientific aspects, sometimes complemented by economic analyses or loose speculations regarding policy aspects. At the same time, recent advances in medical genetics and technology, as well as a rapidly growing societal focus on public health concerns, inspires an increase in suggested or recently started screening programs. This book involves an in-depth analysis of the ethical, political and philosophical issues related to health-oriented screening programs. It explores the considerations that arise when heath care interacts with other societal institutions on a large scale, as is the case with screening: What values may be promoted or compromised by screening programs? What conflicts of values do typically arise – both internally and in relation to the goals of health care, on the one hand, and the goals of public health and the general society, on the other? What aspects of screening are relevant for determining whether it should be undertaken or not and how it should be organised in order to remain defensible? What implications does the ethics of screening have for health care ethics as a whole? These questions are addressed by applying philosophical methods of conceptual analysis, as well as models and theories from moral and political philosophy, medical ethics, and public health ethics, to a large number of ongoing and proposed screening programs which makes this book the first comprehensive work on the ethics of screening. Analyses and suggestions are made that are of potential interest to health care staff, medical researchers, policy makers and the general public.
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| 9. |
- Orru, Anna Maria, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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AHA! festival 2015
- 2015
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The AHA festival investigates the borders between art and science in a three-day event at the Chalmers University of Technology hosted by the Department of Architecture. An international festival intended to provide enlightening experiences, staging surprises, new thoughts and displaced perspectives that lead to alternative modes of thinking about the space between art and science. We invite scientists (physicists, historians, mathematicians, medical students), artists (dancers, musicians, painters, poets, chefs) and not least architects, who reside in these borderlands and wish to share their vision and work. The key intention is to celebrate both art and science as key knowledge building devices.
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| 10. |
- Bondesson, Johan, 1991, et al.
(författare)
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Definition of Tubular Anatomic Structures from Arbitrary Stereo Lithographic Surface
- 2017
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Ingår i: Initiative Seminar Engineering Health, 8-9 November 2017, Chalmers.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- An accurate description of anatomies and dynamics of vessels is crucial to understand their characteristics and improve surgical techniques, thus it is the basis, in addition to surgeon experience, on which stent design and operation procedures rely. The process of producing this description is user intensive, and recent improvement in image processing of medical3D imaging allows for a more automated workflow. However, there is a need to bridge the gap from a processed geometry to a robust mathematical computational grid. By sequentially segmenting a tubular anatomic structure, here defined by a stereo lithographic (STL) surface, an initial centerline is formed by connecting centroids of orthogonal cross-sectional contours along the length of the structure. Relying on the initial centerline, a set of non-overlapping 2D cross sectional contours are defined along the centerline, a centerline which is updated after the 2D contours are produced. After a second iteration of producing 2D contours and updating the centerline, a full description of the structure is created. Our method for describing vessel geometry shows good coherence to existing method. The main advantages of our method include the possibility of having arbitrary triangulated STL surface input, automated centerline definition, safety against intersecting cross-sectional contours and automatic clean-up of local kinks and wrinkles.
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