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- Falk Erhag, Hanna, et al.
(author)
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A Multidisciplinary Approach to Capability in Age and Ageing
- 2022
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Book (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This open access book provides insight on how to interpret capability in ageing – one’s individual ability to perform actions in order to reach goals one has reason to value – from a multidisciplinary approach. With for the first time in history there being more people in the world aged 60 years and over than there are children below the age of 5, the book describes this demographic trends as well as the large global challenges and important societal implications this will have such as a worldwide increase in the number of persons affected with dementia, and in the ratio of retired persons to those still in the labor market. Through contributions from many different research areas, it discussed how capability depends on interactions between the individual (e.g. health, genetics, personality, intellectual capacity), environment (e.g. family, friends, home, work place), and society (e.g. political decisions, ageism, historical period). The final chapter by the editors summarizes the differences and similarities in these contributions. As such this book provides an interesting read for students, teachers and researchers at different levels and from different fields interested in capability and multidisciplinary research.
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| 2. |
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Categorisation and Interpretation. Indological and comparative studies from an international Indological meeting at the Department of Comparative Philology, Göteborg University (= Meijerbergs arkiv för svensk ordforskning 24)
- 1999
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Editorial collection (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Several of the articles contained in the volume show how logical categorisation and linguistic scholarship as found in ancient India explain the specificity of Indian culture and its contribution to world culture in a way that has not always been suffiently heeded in the West. Some articles show how linguistic, philosophical and textual studies in the Indo-Iranian field can be brought into a wider comparative context and how the study of Indo-European comparative linguistics can be connected with a general understanding of linguistic categories. Conceptual categories of ancient India are studied by Asko Parpola, Klaus Oetke and Johannes Bronkhorst. Bertil Tikkanen writes about the category of subject in Indian and Western linguistics. Folke Josephson and Gerd Carling discuss some case categories of Sanskrit and other Indo-European languages. W.L. Smith treats of variants of a literary tex. Kenneth Zysk writes about the role of mythology in the process of brahmanization of Indian medicine. Judith Josephson is concerned with the technique of interpretation of the Pahlavi translators. Claes Wennerberg studies a Finnish word of possible Indian origin. The volume is a tribute to Gösta Liebert, professor emeritus of Comparative Linguistics and Sanskrit at Göteborg University who unfortunately passed away at the moment when the book was about to go to the press.
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| 4. |
- Pålsson, Erik, 1975, et al.
(author)
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Noise benefit in prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex
- 2011
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In: Psychopharmacology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0033-3158 .- 1432-2072. ; 214:3, s. 675-685
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Under some conditions, external sensory noise enhances cognitive functions, a phenomenon possibly involving stochastic resonance and/or enhanced central dopamine transmission. Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle reflex is a robust measure of sensorimotor gating and can be modulated by activity in the cortex and basal ganglia, including the central dopamine pathways. Previous empirical studies suggest a differential effect of acoustic noise in normal children and children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study investigated the effect of acoustic noise on PPI and if dopamine transmission interacts with acoustic noise effects in a rat ADHD model. The effect of background acoustic noise on acoustic startle response and PPI were measured with a constant prepulse to background noise ratio of 9 dB(A). Spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats were used as the ADHD model and compared with Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rats. Microdialysis, methylphenidate treatment and 6-OHDA lesions were used to investigate interaction with dopamine transmission. Background noise facilitated PPI differently in SH rats and controls. The prefrontal cortex in SH rats had low basal dopamine concentrations, a high DOPAC/dopamine ratio and blunted dopamine release during PPI testing. Methylphenidate had small, but strain-specific, effects on startle and PPI. Bilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions did not alter startle or PPI. Prefrontal dopamine transmission is altered in SH rats during the sensorimotor gating task of PPI of the acoustic startle, indicating increased dopamine reuptake in this ADHD rat model. We propose that noise benefit could be explored as a non-pharmacological alternative for treating neuropsychiatric disorders.
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| 7. |
- Kalliokoski, Paul, 1965-, et al.
(author)
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Physical performance and 25-hydroxyvitamin D : a cross-sectional study of pregnant Swedish and Somali immigrant women and new mothers
- 2013
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In: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2393 .- 1471-2393. ; 13
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background:Severe vitamin D deficiency can impair muscle strength. The study aims were to examine physical performance in the hands and upper legs, and analyze plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH) D) concentrations in women with presumably low (veiled, Somali-born) and high levels (unveiled, Swedish-born).Methods:Women (n = 123, 58% Swedish) enrolled at a Swedish antenatal clinic, latitude 60 degrees N, were recruited. Plasma 25(OH) D was analyzed, measured as nmol/L, then categorized as <10 = undetectable, 10-24, 25-49, 50-74 or >75. Muscle strength was tested: maximal hand grip strength (in Newtons, N), and upper leg performance (categorized as able/unable to perform squatting, standing on one leg, standing from a chair, and lifting their hips). Social and anthropometric data were collected. Non-parametric statistics tested the data for differences in their ability to perform the tests across 25(OH) D categories. Undetectable values (< 10 nmol/L) were replaced with '9' in the linear correlation statistics. A final main effect model for grip strength (in N) was calculated using stepwise linear regression for independent variables: country of birth, 25(OH) D levels, age, height, weight, physical activity, lactation status, parity, and gestational age.Results:Somali participants (35%) had 25(OH) D levels of < 10 nmol/L, and 90% had < 25 nmol/L; 10% of Swedish participants had < 25 nmol/L of 25(OH) D, and 54% had < 50 nmol/L. Somali women had a relatively weak grip strength compared with Swedish women: median 202 N (inter-quartile range 167-246) vs. median 316 N (inter-quartile range 278-359), respectively. Somali women were also weak in upper leg performance: 73% were unable to squat, 29% unable to stand on one leg, and 21% could not lift their hips (not significant across 25(OH) D categories); most Swedish women could perform these tests. In the final model, grip strength (N) was significantly associated with 25(OH) D levels (B 0.94, p=0.013) together with Somali birth (B -63.9, p<0.001), age (B 2.5, p=0.02) and height (B 2.6, p=0.01).Conclusions:Many Somali women had undetectable/severely low 25(OH) D concentrations and pronounced hand and upper leg weakness; grip strength was strongly associated with 25(OH) D. Maternity health care personnel should be aware of this increased frequency and manage care accordingly.
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| 8. |
- Wennergren, Göran, 1947
(author)
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Doktorn som uppfann spirometern
- 2019
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In: Barnläkaren. - 1651-0534. ; :4, s. 36-37
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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| 10. |
- Vickhoff, Björn, 1946, et al.
(author)
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Music structure determines heart rate variability of singers
- 2013
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In: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Choir singing is known to promote wellbeing. One reason for this may be that singing demands a slower than normal respiration, which may in turn affect heart activity. Coupling of heart rate variability (HRV) to respiration is called Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA). This coupling has a subjective as well as a biologically soothing effect, and it is beneficial for cardiovascular function. RSA is seen to be more marked during slow-paced breathing and at lower respiration rates (0.1 Hz and below). In this study, we investigate how singing, which is a form of guided breathing, affects HRV and RSA. The study comprises a group of healthy 18 year olds of mixed gender. The subjects are asked to; (1) hum a single tone and breathe whenever they need to; (2) sing a hymn with free, unguided breathing; and (3) sing a slow mantra and breathe solely between phrases. Heart rate (HR) is measured continuously during the study. The study design makes it possible to compare above three levels of song structure. In a separate case study, we examine five individuals performing singing tasks (1–3). We collect data with more advanced equipment, simultaneously recording HR, respiration, skin conductance and finger temperature. We show how song structure, respiration and HR are connected. Unison singing of regular song structures makes the hearts of the singers accelerate and decelerate simultaneously. Implications concerning the effect on wellbeing and health are discussed as well as the question how this inner entrainment may affect perception and behavior.
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