1.
Solinas, Giovanni, et al.
(författare)
An adipoincretin effect links adipostasis with insulin secretion.
2024
Ingår i: Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM. - 1879-3061. ; 35:6, s. 466-477
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat) abstract
The current paradigm for the insulin system focuses on the phenomenon of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and insulin action on blood glucose control. This historical glucose-centric perspective may have introduced a conceptual bias in our understanding of insulin regulation. A body of evidence demonstrating that in vivo variations in blood glucose and insulin secretion can be largely dissociated motivated us to reconsider the fundamental design of the insulin system as a control system for metabolic homeostasis. Here, we propose that a minimal glucose-centric model does not accurately describe the physiological behavior of the insulin system and propose a new paradigm focusing on the effects of incretins, arguing that under fasting conditions, insulin is regulated by an adipoincretin effect.
2.
Mohammadi, Elyas, et al.
(författare)
Applications of Genome-Wide Screening and Systems Biology Approaches in Drug Repositioning
2020
Ingår i: Cancers. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6694. ; 12:9, s. 1-24
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat) abstract
Simple Summary Drug repurposing is an accelerated route for drug development and a promising approach for finding medications for orphan and common diseases. Here, we compiled databases that comprise both computationally- or experimentally-derived data, and categorized them based on quiddity and origin of data, further focusing on those that present high throughput omic data or drug screens. These databases were then contextualized with genome-wide screening methods such as CRISPR/Cas9 and RNA interference, as well as state of art systems biology approaches that enable systematic characterizations of multi-omic data to find new indications for approved drugs or those that reached the latest phases of clinical trials. Modern drug discovery through de novo drug discovery entails high financial costs, low success rates, and lengthy trial periods. Drug repositioning presents a suitable approach for overcoming these issues by re-evaluating biological targets and modes of action of approved drugs. Coupling high-throughput technologies with genome-wide essentiality screens, network analysis, genome-scale metabolic modeling, and machine learning techniques enables the proposal of new drug-target signatures and uncovers unanticipated modes of action for available drugs. Here, we discuss the current issues associated with drug repositioning in light of curated high-throughput multi-omic databases, genome-wide screening technologies, and their application in systems biology/medicine approaches.
3.
Björnsson, Bergthor, et al.
(författare)
Digital twins to personalize medicine
2020
Ingår i: Genome Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1756-994X. ; 12:1
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat) abstract
Personalized medicine requires the integration and processing of vast amounts of data. Here, we propose a solution to this challenge that is based on constructing Digital Twins. These are high-resolution models of individual patients that are computationally treated with thousands of drugs to find the drug that is optimal for the patient.
4.
Rask-Andersen, Mathias, et al.
(författare)
Advances in kinase targeting : current clinical use and clinical trials
2014
Ingår i: TIPS - Trends in Pharmacological Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-6147 .- 1873-3735. ; 35:11, s. 60-76
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat) abstract
Phosphotransferases, also known as kinases, are the most intensively studied protein drug target category in current pharmacological research, as evidenced by the vast number of kinase-targeting agents enrolled in active clinical trials. This development has emerged following the great success of small-molecule, orally available protein kinase inhibitors for the treatment of cancer, starting with the introduction of imatinib (Gleevec (R)) in 2003. The pharmacological utility of kinase-targeting has expanded to include treatment of inflammatory diseases, and rapid development is ongoing for kinase-targeted therapies in a broad array of indications in ophthalmology, analgesia, central nervous system (CNS) disorders, and the complications of diabetes, osteoporosis, and otology. In this review we highlight specifically the kinase drug targets and kinase-targeting agents being explored in current clinical trials. This analysis is based on a recent estimate of all established and clinical trial drug mechanisms of action, utilizing private and public databases to create an extensive dataset detailing aspects of more than 3000 approved and experimental drugs.
5.
Albofetileh, Mehdi, et al.
(författare)
Seaweed Proteins as a Source of Bioactive Peptides
2021
Ingår i: Current Pharmaceutical Design. - : Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.. - 1873-4286 .- 1381-6128. ; 27:11, s. 1342 -1352
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat) abstract
Seaweeds have gained great attention as a vegetarian and sustainable marine source of protein which do not need irrigation, arable land and fertilization. Besides, seaweeds are considered as an untapped resource for discovering bioactive compounds with health benefits where bioactive peptides have shown outstanding potential. This review provides a detailed overview of available scientific knowledge on production methods, bioactivity and application of peptides from seaweed proteins. The emphasize is on the effects form seaweed varieties and peptide production condition on the bioactivity of the peptides and their potential health benefits. Bioactive properties of seaweed peptides including antioxidant, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer activities and other potential health benefits have been discussed. It also covers current challenges and required future research and innovations for the successful application of seaweeds proteins as a sustainable source of bioactive peptides. Effects from seasonal variation of seaweed composition on the bioactivity of their peptides, difficulties in the extraction of proteins from seaweed complex structure, scalability and reproducibility of the developed methods for the production of bioactive peptides, the safety of the peptides are examples of highlighted challenges. Further studies on the bioavailability of the seaweed bioactive peptides and validation of the results in animal models and human trials are needed before their application as functional foods or pharmaceutical ingredients.
6.
Lundberg, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
Nicotine treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder
2004
Ingår i: PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY & BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. - : Elsevier BV. - 0278-5846. ; 28:7, s. 1195-1199
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)
7.
Regland, Björn, 1947
(författare)
Schizophrenia and single-carbon metabolism
2005
Ingår i: PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY & BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. - : Elsevier BV. - 0278-5846. ; 29:7, s. 1124-1132
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)
8.
Harris, J. Milton, et al.
(författare)
Tuning drug release from polyoxazoline-drug conjugates
2019
Ingår i: European Polymer Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 0014-3057. ; 120
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat) abstract
Poly(2-oxazoline)-drug conjugates with drugs attached via releasable linkages are being developed for drug delivery. Such conjugates with pendent ester linkages that covalently bind drugs to the polymer backbone exhibit significantly slower hydrolytic release rates in plasma than the corresponding PEG- and dextran-drug conjugates. The slow drug release rates in-vitro of these POZ-drug conjugates contribute to extended in-vivo pharmacokinetic profiles. In some instances, the release kinetics may be relatively sustained and ideal for once-a-week subcutaneous injection, whereas the native drug by itself may only have an in-vivo half-life of a few hours. The origin of this unusual kinetic and pharmacokinetic behavior is proposed here to involve folding of the POZ conjugate such that the relatively hydrophobic drug forms a central core, and the relatively hydrophilic polymer wraps around the core and slows enzymatic attack on the drug-polymer chemical linkage. Here we present evidence supporting this hypothesis and demonstrate how the hypothesis can be used to tune hydrolytic release rates and pharmacokinetics. Evidence for the folding hypothesis is taken from hydrolysis kinetics of a range of drugs in plasma, pharmacokinetics of a range of drugs following subcutaneous injection in laboratory animals, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies showing folding of the POZ-rotigotine molecule. The drugs included in this study to test the hypothesis are: rotigotine, buprenorphine, dexanabinol, cannabidiol (CBD), Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabigerol (CBG).
9.
Turanli, Beste, et al.
(författare)
A Network-Based Cancer Drug Discovery: From Integrated Multi-Omics Approaches to Precision Medicine
2018
Ingår i: Current Pharmaceutical Design. - : Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.. - 1873-4286 .- 1381-6128. ; 24:32, s. 3778-3790
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat) abstract
A complex framework of interacting partners including genetic, proteomic, and metabolic networks that cooperate to mediate specific functional phenotypes drives human biological processes. Recent technological and analytical advances in "omic" sciences allow the identification and elucidation of reprogramming biological functions in response to perturbations in cells and tissues. To understand such a complex system, biological networks are generated to reduce the complexity into relatively simple models, and the integration of these molecular networks from different perspectives is implemented for a holistic interpretation of the entire system. Ultimately, network-based methods will effectively facilitate the development and improvement of precision medicine by directing therapies based on the underlying biology of a given patient's disease. The goal of precision medicine is to identify novel therapeutic strategies that can be optimized for each disease type or each patient based on the underlying genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Pharmaco-omics analyses based on an integration of pharmacology and various "omics" data types can be employed to develop effective treatment strategies using particular drugs and doses that are tailored to each individual. In the current review, we first present the core elements of network-based systems biology in the context of pharmaco-omics followed by integration of multi-omics data using various biological networks. Next, we provide an opening into precise medicine and drug targeting based on network approaches. Lastly, we review the current significant efforts as well as the accomplishments and limitations in precise drug targeting with the utility of network-based guided drug discovery methods for effective treatment of breast cancer.
10.
Forsberg, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
Bioavailability of Orally Administered Drugs in Critically Ill Patients
2023
Ingår i: Journal of Pharmacy Practice. - : Sage Publications. - 0897-1900 .- 1531-1937. ; 36:4, s. 967-979
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat) abstract
Critically ill patients managed in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) suffer from several pathophysiological alterations due to critical illness resulting in potential changes in the pharmacokinetics of drugs including systemic absorption. Nevertheless, these patients are still given some medications in unadjusted doses thereby putting the patients at a risk for therapy failure. The objective for this study was to summarize the available evidence regarding oral drug absorption in the ICU. A literature search of the databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PubMed was conducted on (February 24, 2020). Articles discussing the rate and/or extent of orally administered drugs in critically ill patients were included. A total of 58 studies were found: 17 interventional studies, 33 observational studies (30 prospective, 3 retrospective) and 8 case reports. A total of 43 articles reported altered drug absorption in critically ill patients suggesting the need for alternative measures to facilitate treatment success. The absorption of orally administered drugs may be altered in critically ill patients. Measures for altered drug absorption in critically ill patients were suggested such as holding tube feeding before and after medication administration, increasing doses of orally administrated drugs and using alternate routes of administration.
