SwePub
Sök i SwePub databas

  Utökad sökning

Träfflista för sökning "AMNE:(MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP Medicinska och farmaceutiska grundvetenskaper Mikrobiologi inom det medicinska området) ;conttype:(scientificother)"

Sökning: AMNE:(MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP Medicinska och farmaceutiska grundvetenskaper Mikrobiologi inom det medicinska området) > Övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt

  • Resultat 1-10 av 738
Sortera/gruppera träfflistan
   
NumreringReferensOmslagsbildHitta
1.
  • Munthe, Christian, 1962 (författare)
  • Etiska aspekter på regenerativ medicin : Ethical aspects on regenerative medicine
  • 2003
  • Ingår i: SNIB-konferensen 2003, Chalmers tekniska högskola, Göteborg, 16-18 maj 2003.
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Inom den regenerativa medicinen strävar man efter att ersätta skadat eller sjukligt biologiskt mänskligt material (celler, organ, kroppsdelar) med nya biologiska komponenter. Området aktualiserar en rad etiska frågeställningar vad gäller (1) produktionen av ersättningsmaterialet (t.ex. embryonala stamceller eller införskaffande av transplantationsvävnad från donatorer), (2) risker i samband med försök på människa (genmodifierat material, material från djur), samt (3) gränserna för hur långt man bör gå i denna slags försök att förlänga människans livsspann. Föredraget ger en kort översikt över dessa frågeställningar, ståndpunkter och argument i debatten kring dem.
  •  
2.
  • Wilms, Torben, 1973- (författare)
  • Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, focusing on Epstein-Barr-virus, programmed cell death ligand 1 and serum lipoproteins
  • 2021
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Background: Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN)comprises a large group of tumours including the oral cavity and nasopharyngealarea, and typically affects older males in association with alcohol/tobacco usage.Within the oral cavity, the mobile tongue is the most common site for tumourdevelopment. The incidence of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue(SCCOT) is increasing in younger people, which has been suggested to associatewith other than the traditional risk factors for this disease. Two common humanoncogenic viruses, human papillomavirus (HPV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)are connected to certain types of SCCHN, in oropharynx and nasopharynxrespectively. The receptor programmed cell death 1 (PD)-1 and its ligandprogrammed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) are particularly relevant in immunecheckpoint control, and elevated levels have been seen in various cancer types. Alink between hyperlipidemia and cancer risk has previously been suggested. Theaim of this thesis was to investigate risk factors and prognostic features forSCCHN, by focusing on EBV, PD-L1 and serum lipoproteins.Materials and methods: Ninety-eight cases of SCCOT and 15 cases of tonsillarsquamous cell carcinoma were examined for the presence of EBV-encodedribonucleic acids (EBERs), EBV deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and the proteinEBV-encoded nuclear antigen-1 (EBNA-1), using in situ hybridisation,polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry respectively. Onehundred and one cases of SCCOT were examined for expression of PD-L1 intumour and surrounding immune cells using Ventana SP263immunohistochemistry assay and a QuickScore (QS) method. An estimation oftumour-infiltrating immune cells was also performed in 25 of the patients.Circulating levels of PD-L1 were measured using an electrochemiluminescenceassay platform in serum from 30 patients. Finally, serum samples from 106patients and 28 healthy controls were investigated for levels of total cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides andlipoprotein(a).Results: In the first study, using an in situ hybridisation kit no EBER transcriptswere detected. No EBV DNA was identified with PCR analysis, andimmunohistochemistry for EBNA-1 was also negative. In the second study, highertumour cell PD-L1 levels were found in females than males (p = 0.019). Forpatients with low PD-L1 in tumour cells, better survival was shown in males thanfemales (overall survival p = 0.021, disease-free survival p = 0.020). Tumourinfiltrating natural killer (NK) T cells, immature dendritic cells (DCs) and M1macrophages correlated positively with tumour cell PD-L1 (p < 0.05). In the laststudy, the only lipoprotein showing significant difference in concentration iiibetween healthy controls and patients was HDL (p = 0.012). Kaplan-Meiersurvival curves showed that patients with high levels of total cholesterol or LDLhad better survival than patients with normal levels (p = 0.028 and p = 0.007respectively). Adjusting for the effects of age at diagnosis, TNM stage and weightchange, multivariate Cox regression models showed LDL to be an independentprognostic factor for both overall (p = 0.010) and disease-free survival (p =0.018).Conclusion: We excluded EBV as a potential player in SCCOT in both old andyoung patients and highlight the importance of appropriate controls for EBVencoded RNA in-situ hybridization (EBER-ISH) when investigating EBV inhuman diseases. Regarding PD-L1, our data supported the significance of genderon tumour cell PD-L1 expression and demonstrated combined effects of genderand PD-L1 levels on clinical outcome in patients with SCCOT. Data also indicatedthe involvement of specific immune cell types in PD-L1-regulated immuneevasion. Looking at serum lipoproteins, we found high LDL levels to be beneficialfor survival outcome in patients with SCCHN. Furthermore, the use of cholesterollowering medicine for prevention or management of SCCHN needs to be carefullyevaluated.
  •  
3.
  • Heyman, Lovisa (författare)
  • Berries in Prevention of Metabolic Disease – focus on obesity, diabetes and gut microbiota
  • 2015
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The increasing prevalence of obesity is a worldwide health problem closely linked to diet and lifestyle factors. Obesity is associated with increased risk of several metabolic disorders including insulin resistance, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes. Hence, there is a great need to identify dietary strategies for the prevention of obesity and related diseases. This thesis investigates the potential of different berries to mediate beneficial health effects in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity and prediabetes. We found that supplementation with lingonberries, blackcurrants and bilberries reduced body weight gain, insulin resistance, low-grade inflammation and hepatic lipid accumulation in C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet. Supplementation with raspberries, crowberries, blackberries or prunes had no or small effects, whereas açai berries promoted development of obesity and fatty liver compared to the control group receiving high-fat diet without berries. Global hepatic gene expression analysis revealed that the phenotype in the lingonberry and bilberry groups was coupled to an anti-inflammatory effect, including downregulation of acute-phase proteins and inflammatory mediators. Mice receiving açai displayed an upregulation of steatosis markers and genes related to lipid synthesis, in line with the exacerbation of high-fat-induced fatty liver in these mice. The HELP-tagging assay was used to identify differentially methylated CpG sites in the lingonberry group compared to the high-fat control group. Lingonberries induced genome-wide and specific alterations of DNA methylation, however the significance of these findings remains to be established. Furthermore, different batches of lingonberries were found to have different capacity to prevent obesity. However lingonberries prevented low-grade inflammation, metabolic endotoxemia and modified the gut microbiota of high-fat fed mice, including increasing the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. These findings were independent of effects on body weight gain and achieved regardless of the source of berries. The capacity of lingonberries to counteract negative outcomes of an unhealthy diet should be further evaluated in humans, including assessment of anti-inflammation and microbiota modulation. The generated knowledge about berries and their effects on metabolism may be useful in designing future dietary strategies aimed at preventing metabolic disease.
  •  
4.
  • Rodríguez-Piñeiro, Ana María, et al. (författare)
  • The colonic mucus protection depends on the microbiota
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Gut microbes. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1949-0976 .- 1949-0984. ; 6:5, s. 326-30
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The intestinal mucus is a pivotal part of our intestinal protection. It provides slow diffusion of protective molecules, trapping of luminal material as bacteria and smooth transport in the small intestine. In colon it restricts bacterial access to the epithelium limiting the responses to the enormous bacterial load present at this location. The development of these systems depends on the microbiota composition as seen in our recent study comparing the mucus phenotype in 2 colonies kept in different husbandries within the same SPF animal facility. One colony had impenetrable colonic mucus while the other colony had more penetrable mucus. The mucus phenotypes were transmitted via the microbiota and clear differences in its composition could be detected. Candidates associated with the different colonies were identified but the observed mucus difference could not be assigned to a specific bacterium.
  •  
5.
  • Schröder, Björn, et al. (författare)
  • Intestinales Mikrobiom und Schleimhautbarriere bei chronisch entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Intestinales Mikrobiom und Innere Medizin. - : UNI-MED Verlag AG. - 9783837416053 ; , s. 46-55
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Das intestinale Mikrobiom repräsentiert aktuell eines der Topthemen, die im Fokus der modernen Humanmedizin stehen. Doch erstaunlicherweise gab es bisher im deutschen Sprachraum keine handliche, aktuelle Übersicht zu diesem Thema. Daher werden in diesem Band zunächst Zusammensetzung und Dynamik des humanen intestinalen Mikrobioms erläutert, ehe in weiteren Kapiteln dann die wichtigsten Veränderungen und vor allem die Rolle des Mikrobioms bei zahlreichen Krankheiten wie chronisch entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen, Reizdarmsyndrom, Leber- und Gallenwegs- sowie Autoimmunerkrankungen diskutiert werden. Es folgen der Komplex Ernährung, Adipositas und Diabetes sowie Atherosklerose mit jeweils eigenen Kapiteln. Schließlich gibt es überraschende Beziehungen der Mikrobiota zur Malignomentstehung. Es folgt ein Abschnitt über Antibiotika und deren Rolle bei zum Teil dauerhaften Störungen der intestinalen Bakterien und Pilze. Am Ende des Buches wird am Beispiel von Mikrobiomtransfer ("Stuhltransplantation") und Probiotika auf die therapeutischen Konsequenzen eingegangen. Alle Kapitel sind auch für sich lesbar und verständlich.
  •  
6.
  • Chenna Narendra, Sudeep (författare)
  • Systemic and local regulation of experimental arthritis by IFN-α, dendritic cells and uridine
  • 2017
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • In this thesis, we have studied the immunological processes of joint inflammation that may be targets for future treatment of patients with arthritis. We focus on the immune-modulating properties of interferon-α (IFN-α) and uridine in experimental arthritis. The nucleoside uridine, which is regarded a safe treatment has anti-inflammatory properties notably by inhibiting tumor necrosis factor (TNF) release. Because the inflamed synovium in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterised by pathogenic TNF-production, uridine could potentially be away to ameliorate arthritis. Systemic administration of uridine had no effect on antigeninduced arthritis (AIA), which is a T-cell dependent model where animals are immunized twice (sensitization) with bovine serum albumin (mBSA), before local triggering of arthritis by intra-articular antigen (mBSA) re-challenge. In contrast, intra-articular administration of uridine clearly down modulated development of AIA in a dose dependent manner and inhibited the expression of synovial adhesion molecules, influx of inflammatory leukocytes and synovial expression of TNF and interleukin 6, but did not affect systemic levels of proinflammatory cytokines or antigen-specific T-cell responses. Local administration of uridine may thus be a viable therapeutic option for treatment of arthritis in the future.Viral double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (dsRNA), a common nucleic acid found in most viruses, can be found in the joints of RA patients and local deposition of such viral dsRNA induces arthritis by activating IFN-α. Here we show that arthritis induced by dsRNA can be mediated by IFN-producing dendritic cells in the joint and this may thus explain why viral infections are sometimes associated with arthritis.Earlier, to study the effect of dsRNA and IFN-α in an arthritis model, that like RA, is dependent on adaptive immunity, dsRNA and IFN-α were administered individually during the development of AIA. Both molecules clearly protected against AIA in a type I IFN receptor-dependent manner but were only effective if administered in the sensitization phase of AIA. Here we show that the anti-inflammatory effect of IFN-α is critically dependent on signalling via transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and the enzymatic activity of indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase 1 (IDO). The IDO enzyme is produced by plasmacytoid DC and this cell type was critically required both during antigen sensitization and in the arthritis phase of AIA for the protective effect of IFN-α against AIA. In contrast, TGF-β and the enzymatic activity of IDO were only required during sensitization, which indicate that they are involved in initial steps of tolerogenic antigen sensitization. In this scenario, IFN- α first activates the enzymatic activity of IDO in pDC, which converts Tryptophan to Kynurenine, which thereafter activates TGF-β. Common for IDO-expressing pDC, Kyn and TGF-β is their ability to induce development of regulatory T cells (Tregs). We found that Tregs were crucial for IFN-α-mediated protection against AIA, but only in the arthritis phase. In line with this, adoptive transfer of Tregs isolated from IFN-α treated mice to recipient animals in the arthritis phase clearly protected against AIA. The numbers of Tregs were not significantly altered by IFN-α but IFN-α increased the suppressive capacity of Tregs against antigen-induced proliferation. This enhanced suppressive activity of Tregs in the arthritis phase was dependent on the earlier activated enzyme IDO1 during the sensitization phase of AIA. Thus, presence of IFN-α at the time of antigen sensitization activates the enzymatic activity of IDO, which generates Tregs with enhanced suppressive capacity that upon antigen re-challenge prevents inflammation. We have thus identified one example of how immune tolerance can be developed, that may be a future way to combat autoimmunity.
  •  
7.
  • Prokunina, Ludmila, et al. (författare)
  • A regulatory polymorphism in PDCD1 is associated with susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus in humans
  • 2002
  • Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 32:4, s. 666-669
  • Recension (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, OMIM 152700) is a complex autoimmune disease that affects 0.05% of the Western population, predominantly women. A number of susceptibility loci for SLE have been suggested in different populations, but the nature of the susceptibility genes and mutations is yet to be identified. We previously reported a susceptibility locus (SLEB2) for Nordic multi-case families. Within this locus, the programmed cell death 1 gene (PDCD1, also called PD-1) was considered the strongest candidate for association with the disease. Here, we analyzed 2,510 individuals, including members of five independent sets of families as well as unrelated individuals affected with SLE, for single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that we identified in PDCD1. We show that one intronic SNP in PDCD1 is associated with development of SLE in Europeans (found in 12% of affected individuals versus 5% of controls; P = 0.00001, r.r. (relative risk) = 2.6) and Mexicans (found in 7% of affected individuals versus 2% of controls; P = 0.0009, r.r. = 3.5). The associated allele of this SNP alters a binding site for the runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1, also called AML1) located in an intronic enhancer, suggesting a mechanism through which it can contribute to the development of SLE in humans.
  •  
8.
  •  
9.
  • Jönsson, Göran (författare)
  • Studies on hereditary C2 deficiency: Frequent occurrence of severe infections, atherosclerosis and rheumatological manifestations
  • 2007
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The complement system is a part of the innate immunity and is essential in the defence against microorganisms. Hereditary C2 deficiency (C2D) is one of the most common complement deficiency states with an estimated prevalence of 1:20,000 in persons of Western descent. In the present investigation, the identification of more than 40 C2D persons at a single centre combined with long observation periods provided a unique basis for assessment of C2D-associated manifestations and diseases. The predominant clinical manifestation was severe bacterial infections. The infections were mainly caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Repeated infections occurred primarily during infancy and childhood. On the other hand, about 25-30 % of the C2D persons remained healthy during the observation period. Immunological factors as IgG subclass levels, GM allotypes, complement proteins, and Fc receptors were assessed to explain this difference. Homozygosity for the G2M*n allele was strongly associated with protection against severe infections (p<0.001). This indicated that an efficient antibody response to polysaccharide antigens is of great importance in C2D. Mannan-binding lectin deficiency also contributed to the susceptibility to infection. The association between C2D and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was confirmed, but notably the severity of SLE in patients with C2D was similar to that of other SLE patients. Another novel finding was a high occurrence of anti-cardiolipin antibodies (aCL) and antibodies to the collagen-like region of C1q. Both autoantibodies have a pro-atherosclerotic effect that might explain the high occurrence of cardiovascular disease found in the cohort. Interestingly, anti-phospholipid syndrome was not observed despite the high occurrence of aCL. Vaccination in 25 C2D persons resulted in antibody responses which show that C2D persons benefit from vaccination against infections caused by encapsulated bacteria such as pneumococci.
  •  
10.
  • Thulin Hedberg, Sara (författare)
  • Antibiotic susceptibility and resistance in Neisseria meningitidis : phenotypic and genotypic characteristics
  • 2009
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Neisseria meningitidis, also known as the meningococcus, is a globally spread obligate human bacterium causing meningitis and/or septicaemia. It is responsible for epidemics in both developed and developing countries. Untreated invasive meningococcal disease is often fatal, and despite modern intensive care units, the mortality is still remarkably high (approximately 10%). The continuously increasing antibiotic resistance in many bacterial pathogens is a serious public health threat worldwide and there have been numerous reports of emerging resistance in meningococci during the past decades. In paper I, the gene linked to reduced susceptibility to penicillins, the penA gene, was examined. The totally reported variation in all published penA genes was described. The penA gene was highly variable (in total 130 variants were identified). By examination of clinical meningococcal isolates, the association between penA gene sequences and penicillin susceptibility could be determined. Isolates with reduced susceptibility displayed mosaic structures in the penA gene. Two closely positioned nucleotide polymorphisms were identified in all isolates with reduced penicillin susceptibility and mosaic structured penA genes. These alterations were absent in all susceptible isolates and were successfully used to detect reduced penicillin susceptibility by real-time PCR and pyrosequencing in paper II. In papers III and IV, antibiotic susceptibility and characteristics of Swedish and African meningitis belt meningococcal isolates were comprehensively described. Although both populations were mainly susceptible to the antibiotics used for treatment and prophylaxis, the proportion of meningococci with reduced penicillin susceptibility was slightly higher in Sweden. A large proportion of the African isolates was resistant to tetracycline and erythromycin. In paper V, the gene linked to rifampicin resistance, the rpoB gene, was examined in meningococci from 12 mainly European countries. Alterations of three amino acids in the RpoB protein were found to always and directly lead to rifampicin resistance. A new breakpoint for rifampicin resistance in meningococci was suggested. The biological cost of the RpoB alterations was investigated in mice. The pathogenicity/virulence was significantly lower in rifampicin resistant mutants as compared with susceptible wild-type bacteria.
  •  
Skapa referenser, mejla, bekava och länka
  • Resultat 1-10 av 738
Typ av publikation
doktorsavhandling (377)
tidskriftsartikel (134)
annan publikation (82)
konferensbidrag (54)
bokkapitel (53)
recension (9)
visa fler...
licentiatavhandling (7)
samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (5)
rapport (5)
bok (5)
forskningsöversikt (4)
patent (3)
visa färre...
Typ av innehåll
Författare/redaktör
Trobos, Margarita, 1 ... (13)
Wennergren, Göran, 1 ... (11)
Svennerholm, Ann-Mar ... (11)
Holmgren, Jan, 1944 (9)
Thomsen, Peter, 1953 (9)
Andersson, Dan I. (8)
visa fler...
Larsson, D. G. Joaki ... (8)
Heyman, Birgitta (8)
Hughes, Diarmaid, 19 ... (7)
Moore, Edward R.B. 1 ... (7)
Omar, Omar (7)
Karami, Nahid, 1959 (7)
Sjöstedt, Anders, Pr ... (7)
Uhlin, Bernt Eric (6)
Engstrand, Lars (6)
Johansson, Cecilia (6)
Olsen, Björn (6)
Sjöstedt, Anders (6)
Bengtsson-Palme, Joh ... (5)
Bengtsson, Torbjörn, ... (5)
Svanborg, Catharina (5)
Lycke, Nils Y, 1954 (5)
Roos, Stefan (5)
Wai, Sun Nyunt (5)
Åhrén, Christina (5)
Andersson, Dan I., P ... (5)
Arnberg, Niklas (5)
Farewell, Anne, 1961 (4)
Borén, Thomas (4)
Fenyö, Eva Maria (4)
Nielsen, Jens B, 196 ... (4)
Dillner, Joakim (4)
Helou, Khalil, 1966 (4)
Lundkvist, Åke (4)
Ellström, Patrik (4)
Wold, Agnes E, 1955 (4)
Brännström, Kristoff ... (4)
Forssell-Aronsson, E ... (4)
Warringer, Jonas, 19 ... (4)
Teneberg, Susann, 19 ... (4)
Järhult, Josef D., 1 ... (4)
Palmquist, Anders, 1 ... (4)
Graf, Fabrice (4)
Palm, Martin (4)
Tängdén, Thomas (4)
Forsberg, Åke (4)
Spetz, Johan (4)
Svärd, Staffan G. (4)
Andersson, Sören (4)
Fredlund, Hans (4)
visa färre...
Lärosäte
Göteborgs universitet (182)
Lunds universitet (176)
Uppsala universitet (143)
Umeå universitet (138)
Chalmers tekniska högskola (31)
Örebro universitet (27)
visa fler...
Linköpings universitet (21)
Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet (13)
Karolinska Institutet (12)
Stockholms universitet (10)
Linnéuniversitetet (10)
Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan (6)
Luleå tekniska universitet (1)
Malmö universitet (1)
Högskolan i Skövde (1)
Karlstads universitet (1)
visa färre...
Språk
Engelska (703)
Svenska (33)
Tyska (2)
Forskningsämne (UKÄ/SCB)
Medicin och hälsovetenskap (735)
Naturvetenskap (78)
Teknik (17)
Lantbruksvetenskap (12)
Humaniora (9)
Samhällsvetenskap (7)

År

Kungliga biblioteket hanterar dina personuppgifter i enlighet med EU:s dataskyddsförordning (2018), GDPR. Läs mer om hur det funkar här.
Så här hanterar KB dina uppgifter vid användning av denna tjänst.

 
pil uppåt Stäng

Kopiera och spara länken för att återkomma till aktuell vy