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- Sharma, Aruna, et al.
(författare)
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Topical application of CNTF, GDNF and BDNF in combination attenuates blood-spinal cord barrier permeability, edema formation, hemeoxygenase-2 upregulation, and cord pathology
- 2021
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Ingår i: Brain protection strategies and nanomedicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 9780323989275 ; 266, s. 357-376
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spinal cord injury (SCI) is one of the leading causes of disability in Military personnel for which no suitable therapeutic strategies are available till today. Thus, exploration of novel therapeutic measures is highly needed to enhance the quality of life of SCI victims. Previously, topical application of BDNF and GDNF in combination over the injured spinal cord after 90min induced marked neuroprotection. In present investigation, we added CNTF in combination with BDNF and/or GDNF treatment to examine weather the triple combination applied over the traumatic cord after 90 or 120min could thwart cord pathology. Since neurotrophins attenuate nitric oxide (NO) production in SCI, the role of carbon monoxide (CO) production that is similar to NO in inducing cell injury was explored using immunohistochemistry of the constitutive isoform of enzyme hemeoxygenase-2 (HO-2). SCI inflicted over the right dorsal horn of the T10-11 segments by making an incision of 2mm deep and 5mm long upregulated the HO-2 immunostaining in the T9 and T12 segments after 5h injury. These perifocal segments are associated with breakdown of the blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB), edema development and cell injuries. Topical application of CNTF with BDNF and GDNF in combination (10ng each) after 90 and 120min over the injured spinal cord significantly attenuated the BSCB breakdown, edema formation, cell injury and overexpression of HO-2. These observations are the first to show that CNTF with BDNF and GDNF induced superior neuroprotection in SCI probably by downregulation of CO production, not reported earlier.
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| 4. |
- Sharma, Hari Shanker, et al.
(författare)
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Preface
- 2020
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Ingår i: Neuropharmacology of Neuroprotection. - : ELSEVIER. - 9780128208137 ; , s. XVII-XXIII
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 5. |
- Zhang, Zhiqiang, et al.
(författare)
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Curcumin Suppresses Tumor Growth and Angiogenesis in Human Glioma Cells Through Modulation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor/Angiopoietin-2/Thrombospondin-1 Signaling
- 2017
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Ingår i: CNS & Neurological Disorders. - : Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.. - 1871-5273 .- 1996-3181. ; 16:3, s. 346-350
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To investigate the effect of curcumin on tumor growth and angiogenesis of human gliomas and identify the underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods: A mouse xenograft glioma model was established by subcutaneously inoculating tumor cell aggregates derived from the U87 cell line. Mice were treated with 0.01ml/g body weight of curcumin or saline. Tumor volume was measured. Microvessel density was assessed by CD34 immunostaining, and angiogenesis by immunohistochemical staining of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) and thrombospondin 1 (TSP-1). Results: At 28 days after treatment, tumor weights in the curcumin-treated group were much smaller than in the control group (0.23 +/- 0.11g vs. 0.44 +/- 0.15g p < 0.05), resulting in a 45.8% inhibition of tumor growth. Curcumin also markedly inhibited microvessel density. Expression of VEGF and Ang-2 was inhibited by curcumin, whereas TSP-1 expression was up-regulated. Conclusion: This study shows that curcumin inhibits tumor growth by inhibiting VEGF/Ang-2/TSP-1-mediated angiogenesis in a xenograft glioma mouse model.
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| 6. |
- Ruozi, Barbara, et al.
(författare)
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PLGA Nanoparticles Loaded Cerebrolysin : Studies on Their Preparation and Investigation of the Effect of Storage and Serum Stability with Reference to Traumatic Brain Injury
- 2015
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Ingår i: Molecular Neurobiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0893-7648 .- 1559-1182. ; 52:2, s. 899-912
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cerebrolysin is a peptide mixture able to ameliorate symptomatology and delay progression of neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and dementia. The administration of this drug in humans presents several criticisms due to its short half-life, poor stability, and high doses needed to achieve the effect. This paper investigates the potential of polylactic-co-glycolide (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) as sustained release systems for iv administration of cerebrolysin in normal and brain injured rats. NPs were prepared by water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) double emulsion technique and characterized by light scattering for mean size and zeta potential and by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for surface morphology. The NPs produced by double sonication under cooling at 60 W for 45 s, 12 mL of 1 % w:v of PVA, and 1:0.6 w:w drug/PLGA ratio (C-NPs4) displayed an adequate loading of drug (24 +/- 1 mg/100 mg of NPs), zeta potential value (-13 mV), and average diameters (ranged from 250 to 330 nm) suitable to iv administration. SEM images suggested that cerebrolysin was molecularly dispersed into matricial systems and partially adhered to the NP surface. A biphasic release with an initial burst effect followed by sustained release over 24 h was observed. Long-term stability both at room and at low temperature of freeze-dried NPs was investigated. To gain deeper insight into NP stability after in vivo administration, the stability of the best NP formulation was also tested in serum. These PLGA NPs loaded with cerebrolysin were able to reduce brain pathology following traumatic brain injury. However, the size, the polydispersivity, and the surface properties of sample were significantly affected by the incubation time and the serum concentration.
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| 7. |
- Sharma, Aruna, et al.
(författare)
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Sleep Deprivation-Induced Blood-Brain Barrier Breakdown and Brain Dysfunction are Exacerbated by Size-Related Exposure to Ag and Cu Nanoparticles. Neuroprotective Effects of a 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonist Ondansetron
- 2015
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Ingår i: Molecular Neurobiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0893-7648 .- 1559-1182. ; 52:2, s. 867-881
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Military personnel are often subjected to sleep deprivation (SD) during combat operations. Since SD is a severe stress and alters neurochemical metabolism in the brain, a possibility exists that acute or long-term SD will influence blood-brain barrier (BBB) function and brain pathology. This hypothesis was examined in young adult rats (age 12 to 14 weeks) using an inverted flowerpot model. Rats were placed over an inverted flowerpot platform (6.5 cm diameter) in a water pool where the water levels are just 3 cm below the surface. In this model, animals can go to sleep for brief periods but cannot achieve deep sleep as they would fall into water and thus experience sleep interruption. These animals showed leakage of Evans blue in the cerebellum, hippocampus, caudate nucleus, parietal, temporal, occipital, cingulate cerebral cortices, and brain stem. The ventricular walls of the lateral and fourth ventricles were also stained blue, indicating disruption of the BBB and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB). Breakdown of the BBB or the BCSFB fluid barrier was progressive in nature from 12 to 48 h but no apparent differences in BBB leakage were seen between 48 and 72 h of SD. Interestingly, rats treated with metal nanoparticles, e.g., Cu or Ag, showed profound exacerbation of BBB disruption by 1.5- to 4-fold, depending on the duration of SD. Measurement of plasma and brain serotonin showed a close correlation between BBB disruption and the amine level. Repeated treatment with the serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist ondansetron (1 mg/kg, s.c.) 4 and 8 h after SD markedly reduced BBB disruption and brain pathology after 12 to 24 h SD but not following 48 or 72 h after SD. However, TiO2-nanowired ondansetron (1 mg/kg, s.c) in an identical manner induced neuroprotection in rats following 48 or 72 h SD. However, plasma and serotonin levels were not affected by ondansetron treatment. Taken together, our observations are the first to show that (i) SD could induce BBB disruption and brain pathology, (ii) nanoparticles exacerbate SD-induced brain damage, and (iii) serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist ondansetron is neuroprotective in SD that is further potentiated byTiO2-nanowired delivery, not reported earlier.
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| 8. |
- Sharma, Hari Shanker, et al.
(författare)
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Anesthetics influence concussive head injury induced blood-brain barrier breakdown, brain edema formation, cerebral blood flow, serotonin levels, brain pathology and functional outcome
- 2019
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Ingår i: New Therapeutic Strategies for Brain Edema and Cell Injury. - : Elsevier. - 9780128167540 ; , s. 45-81
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several lines of evidences show that anesthetics influence neurotoxicity and neuroprotection. The possibility that different anesthetic agents potentially influence the pathophysiological and functional outcome following neurotrauma was examined in a rat model of concussive head injury (CHI). The CHI was produced by an impact of 0.224N on the right parietal bone by dropping a weight of 114.6g from a 20cm height under different anesthetic agents, e.g., inhaled ether anesthesia or intraperitoneally administered ketamine, pentobarbital, equithesin or urethane anesthesia. Five hour CHI resulted in profound volume swelling and brain edema formation in both hemispheres showing disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to Evans blue and radio-iodine. A marked decrease in the cortical CBF and a profound increase in plasma or brain serotonin levels were seen at this time. Neuronal damages were present in several parts of the brain. These pathological changes were most marked in CHI under ether anesthesia followed by ketamine (35mg/kg, i.p.), pentobarbital (50 mg/kg, i.p.), equithesin (3 mL/kg, i.p.) and urethane (1 g/kg, i.p.). The functional outcome on Rota Rod performances or grid walking tests was also most adversely affected after CHI under ether anesthesia followed by pentobarbital, equithesin and ketamine. Interestingly, the plasma and brain serotonin levels strongly correlated with the development of brain edema in head injured animals in relation to different anesthetic agents used. These observations suggest that anesthetic agents are detrimental to functional and pathological outcomes in CHI probably through influencing the circulating plasma and brain serotonin levels, not reported earlier. Whether anesthetics could also affect the efficacy of different neuroprotective agents in CNS injuries is a new subject that is currently being examined in our laboratory.
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| 9. |
- Sharma, Hari Shanker, et al.
(författare)
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Exacerbation of Methamphetamine Neurotoxicity in Cold and Hot Environments : Neuroprotective Effects of an Antioxidant Compound H-290/51
- 2015
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Ingår i: Molecular Neurobiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0893-7648 .- 1559-1182. ; 52:2, s. 1023-1033
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, we examined the influence of cold and hot environments on methamphetamine (METH) neurotoxicity in both drug-naive rats and animals previously exposed to different types of nanoparticles (NPs). Since METH induces oxidative stress, we also examined how a potential chain-breaking antioxidant H-290/51 (Astra-Zeneca, Molndal, Sweden) affects METH-induced neurotoxicity. Exposure of drug-naive rats to METH (9 mg/kg, s.c.) at 4, 21, or 34 A degrees C for 3 h resulted in breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), brain edema, and neuronal injuries, which all differed in severity depending upon ambient temperatures. The changes were moderate at 21 A degrees C, 120-180 % larger at 34 A degrees C, and almost absent at 4 A degrees C. In rats chronically treated with NPs (SiO2, Cu, or Ag; 50-60 nm, 50 mg/kg, i.p. for 7 days), METH-induced brain alterations showed a two- to fourfold increase at 21 A degrees C, a four- to sixfold increase at 34 A degrees C, and three- to fourfold increase at 4 A degrees C. SiO2 exposure showed the most pronounced METH-induced brain pathology at all temperatures followed by Ag and Cu NPs. Pretreatment with a potent antioxidant compound H-290/51 (50 mg/kg, p.o., 30 min before METH) significantly reduced brain pathology in naive animals exposed to METH at 21 and 34 A degrees C. In NPs-treated animals, however, attenuation of METH-induced brain pathology occurred only after repeated exposure of H-290/51 (-30 min, 0 min, and +30 min). These observations are the first to show that NPs exacerbate METH-induced brain pathology in both cold and hot environments and demonstrate that timely intervention with antioxidant H-290/51 could have neuroprotective effects.
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| 10. |
- Sharma, Hari Shanker, et al.
(författare)
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Nanoparticles Exacerbate Both Ubiquitin and Heat Shock Protein Expressions in Spinal Cord Injury : Neuroprotective Effects of the Proteasome Inhibitor Carfilzomib and the Antioxidant Compound H-290/51
- 2015
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Ingår i: Molecular Neurobiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0893-7648 .- 1559-1182. ; 52:2, s. 882-898
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increased levels of ubiquitin and heat shock protein (HSP) 72 kD are often seen in spinal cord injury (SCI). However, their roles in cell injury or survival are not well known. Thus, we have investigated the possible relationship between ubiquitin and HSP expressions in relation to cell injury in healthy animals, or following nanoparticle (NP) intoxication in SCI animals. A focal SCI was inflicted on the T10-11 segments over the right dorsal horn; animals were allowed to survive from 5 to 8 h after trauma. Separate groups of rats were exposed to SiO2, Ag, or Cu NPs for 7 days and subjected to SCI on the eighth day. A marked increase in ubiquitin or HSP immunoreactive cells occurred in the T9 to T12 segments 5 h after the injury, which further extended to the T4 and L5 after 8 h of survival. At this time, a marked increase in blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) permeability to Evans blue and radioiodine, accompanied by an intense edema formation, was observed. Changes were further exacerbated in NP-treated traumatized rats. The most marked expressions of ubiquitin and HSP in SCI were seen in rats treated with SiO2, followed by Ag, and Cu NPs. Treatment with H-290/51 (50 mg/kg p.o., 30 to 60 min after injury) or carfilzomib (1 mg/kg, i.v., 30 to 60 min after trauma) significantly reduced the ubiquitin or HSP expressions, as well as the BSCB breakdown, the edema formation, and the cell injury in the cord both 5 and 8 h after the injury, in normal animals. However, a double dose of H-290/51 (100 mg/kg) or carfilzomib (2 mg/kg) is needed to reduce cord pathology or ubiquitin and HSP expressions in traumatized animals treated with NPs. H-290/51 showed superior beneficial effects in reducing cord pathology in SCI than carfilzomib. These observations are the first to demonstrate that (i) NP-treated traumatized animals induce a widespread BSCB leakage, edema formation, and cord pathology as well as an overexpression of ubiquitin and HSP, (ii) high doses of antioxidant compounds or proteasome inhibitors are required for neuroprotection in the NP-exposed traumatized group, and (iii) ubiquitin and HSP expressions play a key role in neuronal injury in SCI, not reported earlier.
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