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- Schröder, Björn, et al.
(author)
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Human beta-defensin 1 : from defence to offence
- 2012
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In: Zeitschrift für Gastroenterologie - German Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 0044-2771 .- 1439-7803. ; 50:11, s. 1171-5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The human gut is colonised by about one kilogram of commensal bacteria. These microorganisms are a potential threat, thus an efficient defence system is crucial in preventing bacterial translocation and infection. Besides other mechanisms of protection humans produce antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that are able to kill a broad range of microorganisms. The human beta-defensin 1 (hBD-1) plays a major role because it is produced constitutively by all human epithelia and some immune cells. In contrast to other AMPs, however, the biological function of hBD-1 has remained unclear since the antibiotic activity of hBD-1 in vitro was only marginal. But still, several diseases have been associated with genetic polymorphisms in the hBD-1 encoding gene. Herein we discuss why the biological role of hBD-1 has been overlooked and how hBD-1 can be activated by chemical reduction. We elaborate on the biological significance of this activation and its importance for inflammatory bowel disease.
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- Aufschnaiter, Andreas, et al.
(author)
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Fließbandfertigung von Atmungskettenkomplexen in Mitochondrien : Assembly line production of respiratory chain complexes in mitochondria
- 2022
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In: BioSpektrum. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0947-0867 .- 1868-6249. ; 28:4, s. 366-369
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A key function of mitochondria consists of energy conversion, performed with the help of the respiratory chain and the ATP synthase. Biogenesis of these essential molecular machines requires expression of nuclear and mitochondrially encoded genes. We describe our current understanding how these processes are coordinated and how they are organized in specific areas of the inner membrane to facilitate the assembly of these sophisticated complexes.
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- Hollert, Henner, et al.
(author)
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Eine Weight-of-Evidence-Studie zur Bewertung der Sedimentbelastung und des Fischrückgangs in der Oberen Donau [Assessing sediments and fish health using a weight-of-evidence approach : in search for the causes of fish decline in the Danube river]
- 2009
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In: Umweltwissenschaften und Schadstoff-Forschung. - Berlin : Springer. - 0934-3504 .- 1865-5084. ; 21:3, s. 260-263
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background and aim Despite intensive and continuous stocking and improvement of water quality since the 1970s, fish populations, especially those of the grayling (Thymallus thymallus), have declined over the last two decades in the upper Danube River (Germany). In order to assess 1) possible links between molecular/biochemical responses and ecologically relevant effects, and 2) if ecotoxicological effects might be related to the decline in fish catches in the upper Danube river, sediment samples and fish were collected at different locations and analyzed using a weight-of-evidence (WOE) approach with several lines of evidence. The objective of the presentation is to introduce the conceptual framework and to review results of the ongoing study. As previously addressed by Chapman and Hollert (2006) a variety of lines of evidence can be used in WOE studies. Briefly, 1) a comprehensive battery of acute and mechanism-specific bioassays was used to characterize the ecotoxicological hazard potential. 2) Histopathological investigations and the micronucleus assay with erythrocytes were applied, analyzing in situ parameters. 3) Diversity and abundance of benthic macroinvertebrates and fish as well as 4) persistent organic pollutants, endocrine disrupting substances, limnochemical parameters and the concentration of heavy metals were recorded. To identify organic contaminants a spotential causes of sediment toxicity assays, 5) effect directed analysis was applied. © 2009 Springer-Verlag.
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- Tralau, Johan
(author)
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Zum Ursprung und Grund der Schönheit : Evolutionäre Ästhetik, Homers ‘weite Rücken des Meeres’ und die biologischen Grundlagen von Aristoteles’ Theorie der Metapher
- 2016
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In: Würzburger Jahrbücher für die Altertumswissenschaft. - 0342-5932 .- 2365-8444. ; 40, s. 121-139
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper explores the implications of evolutionary aesthetics for aesthetics as a normative venture. First, it develops the thesis that Aristotle's cognitive theory of metaphor can be explained historically as originating in the perception of human beauty, mate choice, and thus sexual selection. The Aristotelian principle, in accordance with which the wording of a metaphor must be ”strange, but not too strange” (that is, deviate from everyday language yet not be unintelligible or too weird) is, namely, mirrored in the biological theory of ”optimal outbreeding”, according to which humans and animals choose partners that are precisely ”different, but not too different”. We may surmise, then, that the idea of beauty has originally been transferred from the perception of bodily beauty to that of language. Second, however, on the basis of a discussion of Homer’s image of waves as ”the broad backs of the sea” it is argued that such an empirical explanation of the evolutionary origins of the perception of beauty does not affect aesthetics as a normative discipline.
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- Robinson, Yohan, et al.
(author)
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Die Hypoferritinämie des Sportlers ist kein sicheres Indiz für Eisenmangel [High Serum Ferritin Levels Have Low Sensitivity for Iron Deficiency in Athletes]
- 2010
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In: Deutsche Zeitschrift für Sportmedizin. - 0344-5925. ; 61:6, s. 141-145
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Iron deficiency is commonly diagnosed by serum ferritin [sFer] determination, iron deficiency anaemia from reduced mean cellular volume (MCV). [sFer] shows a high variance if inflammation or liver dysfunction are present. Athletes often present with hypoferritinaemia. This study was designed to evaluate the relation of total body haemoglobin mass (tHb) which is commonly elevated in athletes to [sFer]. In the present study 56 trained (TR), 72 moderately trained (MT) and 31 untrained (UT) male individuals were investigated for peak oxygen uptake (VO2max), serum iron, [sFer] soluble transferrin receptor [sTfr], serum erythropoietin [EPO], haemoglobin concentration [Hb] haematocrit (Het), MCV blood volume (BV), and plama volume (PV). TR and UT individuals differed significantly in VO2max, tHb, PV, and BV (all p<0.01). [sFer] correlated negatively with tHb (r=-0.31,p<0.05), BV (r=-0.38,p<0.05) and max (r=-0.54,p<0.01) but not with EPO, [Fe], [sTfr], MCV, [Hb], Het, and PV. Since a negative correlation of [sFer] and tub was found, an iron storage shift from the reticuloendothelial system (RES) to the erythroid system could have occurred. This is only pathological if functional iron deficiency occurs, as suggested by increased [sTfr]. Possible causes of functional iron deficiency are gastrointestinal microhaemorrhage, menstrual blood loss and EPO-doping. True iron deficiency should be treated by dietary means or iron supplementation. Iron misuse instead has severe side-effects and uncritical addition of iron to the athlete's nutrition should be avoided.
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