| 1. |
- Lindahl, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Fungal community analysis by high-throughput sequencing of amplified markers – a user's guide
- 2013
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Ingår i: New Phytologist. - : Wiley. - 0028-646X .- 1469-8137. ; 199:1, s. 288-299
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- * Novel high-throughput sequencing methods outperform earlier approaches in terms of resolution and magnitude. They enable identification and relative quantification of community members and offer new insights into fungal community ecology. These methods are currently taking over as the primary tool to assess fungal communities of plant-associated endophytes, pathogens, and mycorrhizal symbionts, as well as free-living saprotrophs. * Taking advantage of the collective experience of six research groups, we here review the different stages involved in fungal community analysis, from field sampling via laboratory procedures to bioinformatics and data interpretation. We discuss potential pitfalls, alternatives, and solutions. * Highlighted topics are challenges involved in: obtaining representative DNA/RNA samples and replicates that encompass the targeted variation in community composition, selection of marker regions and primers, options for amplification and multiplexing, handling of sequencing errors, and taxonomic identification. * Without awareness of methodological biases, limitations of markers, and bioinformatics challenges, large-scale sequencing projects risk yielding artificial results and misleading conclusions.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Larsson, Åke, 1944, et al.
(författare)
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Kustfisk - hälsa
- 2012
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Ingår i: HAVET 2012 - Om miljötillståndet i svenska havsområden. - 1654-6741. ; år 2012
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)
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| 4. |
- Tavella, T A, et al.
(författare)
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Yeast-based high-throughput screens for discovery of kinase inhibitors for neglected diseases.
- 2021
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Ingår i: Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology. - : Elsevier. - 1876-1631. ; 124, s. 275-309
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The discovery and development of a new drug is a complex, time consuming and costly process that typically takes over 10 years and costs around 1 billion dollars from bench to market. This scenario makes the discovery of novel drugs targeting neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), which afflict in particular people in low-income countries, prohibitive. Despite the intensive use of High-Throughput Screening (HTS) in the past decades, the speed with which new drugs come to the market has remained constant, generating doubts about the efficacy of this approach. Here we review a few of the yeast-based high-throughput approaches that can work synergistically with parasite-based, in vitro, or in silico methods to identify and optimize novel antiparasitic compounds. These yeast-based methods range from HTP screens to identify novel hits against promising parasite kinase targets to the identification of potential antiparasitic kinase inhibitors extracted from databases of yeast chemical genetic screens.
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| 5. |
- Hanson, Niklas, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Förändringar i fiskhälsa - orsaker söks på bred front
- 2012
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Ingår i: HAVET 2012 - Om miljötillståndet i svenska havsområden. - 1654-6741. ; år 2012, s. 85-87
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Kustfiskens hälsa har blivit allt mer påverkad under de senaste 20–25 åren. Mycket tyder på att det beror på miljögifter. Samtidigt minskar halterna av de miljögifter som övervakas i samma fiskar. Det tyder på att det är andra, kanske okända, miljögifter som ligger bakom. I ett nytt samverkansprojekt ska man försöka ta reda på orsakerna.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Chen, Yanyan, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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Interactions Between Graphene-Based Materials and Biological Surfaces: A Review of Underlying Molecular Mechanisms
- 2021
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Ingår i: Advanced Materials Interfaces. - : Wiley. - 2196-7350. ; 8:24
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding the underlying molecular mechanism of how graphene materials (GMs) interact with biological surfaces is the key to develop safe and effective biomedical applications of GMs. Here, a systematic and comprehensive mechanistic perspective of interactions between pristine GMs and biological membranes is provided. To this end, first the known mechanisms of interaction between GMs and membrane components are summarized and classified, with a focus on phospholipids, cholesterol, and membrane proteins. Both experimental observations and computational simulations are included. Detailed experimental conditions and physiochemical properties of GMs are listed for each cited application. At the end of this review, current challenges and conflicts that limit biomedical applications of GMs are discussed. Based on reported mechanisms, guidelines for future studies to address the remaining challenges are proposed, specifically with respect to modulating the intrinsic properties of GMs for more efficient and safer therapeutic applications.
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| 8. |
- Lammi, Mikko J., 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Regulation of oxygen tension as a strategy to control chondrocytic phenotype for cartilage tissue engineering and regeneration
- 2024
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Ingår i: Bioengineering. - : MDPI. - 2306-5354. ; 11:3
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cartilage defects and osteoarthritis are health problems which are major burdens on health care systems globally, especially in aging populations. Cartilage is a vulnerable tissue, which generally faces a progressive degenerative process when injured. This makes it the 11th most common cause of global disability. Conservative methods are used to treat the initial phases of the illness, while orthopedic management is the method used for more progressed phases. These include, for instance, arthroscopic shaving, microfracturing and mosaicplasty, and joint replacement as the final treatment. Cell-based implantation methods have also been developed. Despite reports of successful treatments, they often suffer from the non-optimal nature of chondrocyte phenotype in the repair tissue. Thus, improved strategies to control the phenotype of the regenerating cells are needed. Avascular tissue cartilage relies on diffusion for nutrients acquisition and the removal of metabolic waste products. A low oxygen content is also present in cartilage, and the chondrocytes are, in fact, well adapted to it. Therefore, this raises an idea that the regulation of oxygen tension could be a strategy to control the chondrocyte phenotype expression, important in cartilage tissue for regenerative purposes. This narrative review discusses the aspects related to oxygen tension in the metabolism and regulation of articular and growth plate chondrocytes and progenitor cell phenotypes, and the role of some microenvironmental factors as regulators of chondrocytes.
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| 9. |
- Solinas, Giovanni, et al.
(författare)
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An adipoincretin effect links adipostasis with insulin secretion.
- 2024
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Ingår i: Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM. - 1879-3061. ; 35:6, s. 466-477
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current paradigm for the insulin system focuses on the phenomenon of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and insulin action on blood glucose control. This historical glucose-centric perspective may have introduced a conceptual bias in our understanding of insulin regulation. A body of evidence demonstrating that in vivo variations in blood glucose and insulin secretion can be largely dissociated motivated us to reconsider the fundamental design of the insulin system as a control system for metabolic homeostasis. Here, we propose that a minimal glucose-centric model does not accurately describe the physiological behavior of the insulin system and propose a new paradigm focusing on the effects of incretins, arguing that under fasting conditions, insulin is regulated by an adipoincretin effect.
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| 10. |
- El-Seedi, Hesham R., et al.
(författare)
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Recent insights into the biosynthesis and biological activities of natural xanthones
- 2010
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Ingår i: Current Medicinal Chemistry. - : Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.. - 0929-8673 .- 1875-533X. ; 17:9, s. 854-901
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This review focuses on recent advances in our understanding of the complex biosynthetic pathways and diverse biological activities of naturally occurring xanthones. The biosynthesis section covers studies published from 1989 to 2008 on xanthone production in plants and fungi, while the bioactivity review presents tabulated activities of more than 250 xanthones described in studies published from 2001 to 2008, together with structural information and indications of their wide-ranging potential uses as pharmacological tools. A large number of relevant papers have been published on these subjects (128 cited here), illustrating the diversity of the xanthones and their possible uses.
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