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| 2. |
- Wamsler, Christine, et al.
(författare)
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Operationalizing ecosystem-based adaptation : harnessing ecosystem services to buffer communities against climate change
- 2016
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Ingår i: Ecology and Society. - : Resiliance Alliance. - 1708-3087. ; 31:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ABSTRACT. Ecosystem-based approaches for climate change adaptation are promoted at international, national, and local levels by both scholars and practitioners. However, local planning practices that support these approaches are scattered, and measures are neither systematically implemented nor comprehensively reviewed. Against this background, this paper advances the operationalization of ecosystem-based adaptation by improving our knowledge of how ecosystem-based approaches can be considered in local planning (operational governance level). We review current research on ecosystem services in urban areas and examine four Swedish coastal municipalities to identify the key characteristics of both implemented and planned measures that support ecosystem-based adaptation. The results show that many of the measures that have been implemented focus on biodiversity rather than climate change adaptation, which is an important factor in only around half of all measures. Furthermore, existing measures are limited in their focus regarding the ecological structures and the ecosystem services they support, and the hazards and risk factors they address. We conclude that a more comprehensive approach to sustainable ecosystem-based adaptation planning and its systematic mainstreaming is required. Our framework for the analysis of ecosystem-based adaptation measures proved to be useful in identifying how ecosystem-related matters are addressed in current practice and strategic planning, and in providing knowledge on how ecosystem-based adaptation can further be considered in urban planning practice. Such a systematic analysis framework can reveal the ecological structures, related ecosystem services, and risk-reducing approaches that are missing and why. This informs the discussion about why specific measures are not considered and provides pathways for alternate measures/designs, related operations, and policy processes at different scales that can foster sustainable adaptation and transformation in municipal governance and planning. Key Words: climate change adaptation; ecosystem management; ecosystem services; green infrastructure; municipal planning; naturebased solutions; renaturing cities; risk reduction; spatial planning; sustainability transitions; urban planning; urban resilience; urban transformation
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- Gylle, A Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Desiccation and salinity effects on marine and brackhish Fucus vesiculosus L. (Phaeophyceae).
- 2009
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Ingår i: Phycologia. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0031-8884 .- 2330-2968. ; 48:3, s. 156-164
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ecotypes of Fucus vesiculosus L. from the Norwegian Sea (34 psu, marine ecotype) and Bothnian Sea (5 psu, brackish ecotype) have been compared with respect to the ability to withstand desiccation at different temperatures (0, 10, and 20°C). The aim was also to investigate the importance of salinity and light for the availably energy reserves, osmotic adjustment, and pigment content. The maximum quantum yield of photosystem II photochemistry (Fv/Fm) values revealed that the marine ecotype was more able to resist desiccation. The brackish algae showed a decrease in Fv/Fm as a response to desiccation at all temperatures, but the decrease was most pronounced at 20°C. The brackish ecotype recovered from desiccation within 5 h only when treated at 0°C. When the two ecotypes were treated at different levels of salinity in darkness and light, the results suggested that both salinity and irradiance are main factors in the differences in mannitol content between the two ecotypes. Chlorophyll (Chl) measurements showed 25% higher Chl α and 60% higher Chl c in the brackish ecotype in comparison to the marine ecotype. Darkness had a more pronounced effect on the Chl content than the salinity and initiated an increase in the amount of Chl, especially Chl c in the brackish ecotype.
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| 5. |
- Ode Sang, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Urban ecosystem services in strategic planningin Swedish municipalities
- 2021
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Ingår i: Urban Ecosystems. - : Springer. - 1083-8155 .- 1573-1642. ; 24, s. 1343-1357
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research to date on urban ecosystem services has mainly been conducted in large cities, particularly in China, the USA and someEuropean countries. This study examined the provision of urban ecosystem services in a Swedish municipality context, based oninterviews with municipal stakeholders in strategic management and planning from six municipalities and a review of existingpublications readily available to practitioners. The analysis focused on (1) the ecosystem services explicitly covered, (2) whethermultifunctionality was covered and specific synergies and trade-offs identified and, (3) the spatial scale and context used forecosystem services (valuation/mapping, planning, design or maintenance) in practical application. The results showed thatregulatory services are very much the focus in municipal operations as well as in publications available to practitioners. Thisis reflected in the implementation of the concept through problem solving often related to regulatory services, usingmultifunctionality and win-win situations in ecosystem service supply. These findings contribute to the growing body of workexploring how the concept of ecosystem services is adapted and utilised in practice.
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| 7. |
- Drobyshev, Igor, et al.
(författare)
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Lifespan and mortality of old oaks - combining empirical and modelling approaches to support their management in Southern Sweden
- 2008
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Ingår i: Annals of Forest Science. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1286-4560 .- 1297-966X. ; 65:4, s. 401-401
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Old oaks (Quercus robur L.) play an important role in the southern Scandinavian landscape by providing habitat for a wide range of species, a large proportion of them being currently on the National Redlists. To provide support for the management of these trees, we review data on oak mortality and formulate a mortality-driven stochastic model analysing interactions between mortality rate, oak recruitment rate into 100-150 age class, and amount of oaks older than 200 years. Empirical annual mortality rates varied between 0 and 13% with average 1.68%. Trees older 200 years had an average mortality rate of 1.1%. Oaks in the high density forests showed higher mortality (3.2%) as compared to the trees growing in the low density forests (1.2%). A 400-year long modelling exercises indicated that under current mortality rates (regular mortality being centred around 1% annually; and irregular mortality 7% with average return time of 13 years) the long-term maintenance of 20 trees older than 200 years per ha would require an input rate of 1 to 5 trees x year(-1) x ha(-1) into the 100-150 years old class. The modelling highlighted the importance of initial oak abundance affecting amount of old trees at the end of shorter (100 years) simulation period.
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| 8. |
- Jin, Hongxiao, et al.
(författare)
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New satellite-based estimates show significant trends in spring phenology and complex sensitivities to temperature and precipitation at northern European latitudes
- 2019
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Ingår i: International journal of biometeorology. - : Springer. - 0020-7128 .- 1432-1254. ; 63:6, s. 763-775
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent climate warming has altered plant phenology at northern European latitudes, but conclusions regarding the spatial patterns of phenological change and relationships with climate are still challenging as quantitative estimates are strongly diverging. To generate consistent estimates of broad-scale spatially continuous spring plant phenology at northern European latitudes (>50 degrees N) from 2000 to 2016, we used a novel vegetation index, the plant phenology index (PPI), derived from MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data. To obtain realistic and strong estimates, the phenology trends and their relationships with temperature and precipitation over the past 17years were analyzed using a panel data method. We found that in the studied region the start of the growing season (SOS) has on average advanced by 0.30dayyear(-1). The SOS showed an overall advancement rate of 2.47day degrees C-1 to spring warming, and 0.18daycm(-1) to decreasing precipitation in spring. The previous winter and summer temperature had important effects on the SOS but were spatially heterogeneous. Overall, the onset of SOS was delayed 0.66day degrees C-1 by winter warming and 0.56day degrees C-1 by preceding summer warming. The precipitation in winter and summer influenced the SOS in a relatively weak and complex manner. The findings indicate rapid recent phenological changes driven by combined seasonal climates in northern Europe. Previously unknown spatial patterns of phenological change and relationships with climate drivers are presented that improve our capacity to understand and foresee future climate effects on vegetation.
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| 9. |
- Töttrup, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Mapping fractional forest cover across the highlands of mainland Southeast Asia using MODIS data and regression tree modelling
- 2007
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Ingår i: International Journal of Remote Sensing. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1366-5901 .- 0143-1161. ; 28:1-2, s. 23-46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Data from the moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor, in combination with new mapping techniques, has the potential to improve regional research on tropical forest resources and land use dynamics. In this study, a supervised regression tree model was used to map fractions of (1) mature forest, (2) secondary forest, and (3) non-forest, using multi-temporal MODIS 250-m data as explanatory variables, and land cover information derived from high-spatial resolution image data as the response variables. From independent validation data, the overall mean absolute deviation of the resulting maps are estimated at 14.6% for mature forest, 21.6% for secondary forest, and 17.1% for non-forest cover. This study shows the increased potential of this new mapping technique to infer human imprints on forest cover across the highlands of mainland Southeast Asia, compared to other existing map sources.
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| 10. |
- ekelund, nils, 1956-
(författare)
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Urbaniseringens effekter på våra ekosystem och landskap
- 2020
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Ingår i: Tidskriften Landskap. - Klågerup : Tejarps förlag. - 2001-1903. ; :2, s. 40-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- För närvarande lever vi i en tid med stora samhällsutmaningar och som ytterligare aktualiserades hösten 2018 när International Plant Protection Convention, IPPC publicerade en rapport gällande de klimatförändringar som pågår (IPCC, 2018).
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