| 1. |
- Ingimundardóttir, Gróa Valgerður, et al.
(författare)
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Bryophytes of Surtsey, Iceland: Latest developments and a glimpse of the future
- 2022
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Ingår i: Surtsey Research. - : The National and University Library of Iceland. - 1608-0998. ; 15, s. 61-87
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Surtsey island was formed in a volcanic eruption south of Iceland in 1963 – 1967 and has since then been protected and monitored by scientists. It is the youngest island in the Vestmannaeyjar archipelago. The archipelago is of volcanic origin, but the other islands are ca. 5 000 to 40 000 yrs old. The first two moss species were found on Surtsey as early as 1967 and several new bryophyte species were discovered every year until 1973 when regular sampling ended. Systematic bryophyte inventories in a grid of 100 m × 100 m quadrats were made in 1970 – 1972 and 2008. Here we report results from an inventory in 2018, when the same quadrats of the grid system as in 2008 were searched for bryophytes. In addition, we surveyed the bryophyte flora of Elliðaey – a ca. 5 000 yrs old island at the more sheltered north-eastern end of the archipelago.On Surtsey, distributional expansion and contraction of earlier colonists was revealed as well as presence of new colonists. Total number of taxa increased from 43 to 59 between 2008 and 2018. The average species richness increased from 4.5 taxa/quadrat in 2008 to 6.6 taxa/quadrat in 2018 (empty quadrats omitted): 32 quadrats showed an increase in species richness; three quadrats showed no change; ten quadrats showed a slight decrease of 1 – 2 taxa, while one quadrat showed a considerable decrease of 7 taxa – that quadrat was within the lush grassland of the gull colony where bryophytes were outcompeted by the graminoids. Quadrats with the strongest increase in species richness were also within areas affected by seabirds but had not been as overgrown with grassland. On Elliðaey, the predominant habitat was grassland, like the one at the centre of the gull colony on Surtsey. On the island, we registered 22 taxa; 13 were also found on Surtsey in 2018, 4 have been found on Surtsey in earlier surveys and 4 species have never been found on Surtsey. We predict the species richness on Surtsey will continue to grow but level off before starting to decrease as the lava fields disappear and grassland becomes more dominant. Continued monitoring, without long breaks, is essential to evaluate how fast the bryophyte vegetation develops in the years to come.
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| 2. |
- Patiño, Jairo, et al.
(författare)
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Unveiling the nature of a miniature world : a horizon scan of fundamental questions in bryology
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Bryology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0373-6687 .- 1743-2820. ; 44:1, s. 1-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction. Half a century since the creation of the International Association of Bryologists, we carried out a review to identify outstanding challenges and future perspectives in bryology. Specifically, we have identified 50 fundamental questions that are critical in advancing the discipline.Methods. We have adapted a deep-rooted methodology of horizon scanning to identify key research foci. An initial pool of 258 questions was prepared by a multidisciplinary and international working group of 32 bryologists. A series of online surveys completed by a broader community of researchers in bryology, followed by quality-control steps implemented by the working group, were used to create a list of top-priority questions. This final list was restricted to 50 questions with a broad conceptual scope and answerable through realistic research approaches.Key results. The top list of 50 fundamental questions was organised into four general topics: Bryophyte Biodiversity and Biogeography; Bryophyte Ecology, Physiology and Reproductive Biology; Bryophyte Conservation and Management; and Bryophyte Evolution and Systematics. These topics included 9, 19, 14 and 8 questions, respectively.Conclusions. Although many of the research challenges identified are not newly conceived, our horizon-scanning exercise has established a significant foundation for future bryological research. We suggest analytical and conceptual strategies and novel developments for potential use in advancing the research agenda for bryology.
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| 3. |
- Cronberg, Nils, et al.
(författare)
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Allelopathy in bryophytes - a review
- 2018
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Ingår i: Lindbergia. - : Dutch Bryological and Lichenological Society and Nordic Bryological Society. - 0105-0761. ; 41, s. 1-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Allelopathy in bryophytes shapes ecosystems by influencing the species composition of both vascular plants and other bryophytes. Several allelopathically active chemicals in bryophytes have been discovered since the latter half of the 20th century and laboratory studies have showed their inhibiting impact on germination, growth and establishment of surrounding plants. However, other studies failed to demonstrate these effects. In the field, other properties of bryophytes might have stronger impacts, such as mechanical obstruction or alterations in temperature. In laboratory studies, water might not be an adequate extractant for active substances, since all of the chemicals claimed to be allelopathic are lipophilic with potentially longer retention times of the active substances in the soil when compared to water-soluble substances.
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| 4. |
- Cronberg, Nils
(författare)
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Preliminära resultat från registrering av sporkapslar i inventeringen av Skånes mossor
- 2018
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Ingår i: Botaniska Notiser. - 0006-8195. ; 151:2, s. 31-38
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- [Preliminary results from bryophyte spore capsule records in the county of Skåne, southernmost Sweden] Occurrences of sporophytes are recorded by inventorers within the bryophyte flora project for Skåne. Here we present commented distribution maps with sporophyte presence/absence indicated for Calliergonella cuspidata, Dicranum scoparium, Encalypta streptocarpa, Homalothecium sericeum, Hylocomium splendens, Isothecium alopecuroides, I. myosuroides, Leucobryum glaucum, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Sphagnum capillifolium, S. squarrosum and Thuidium tamariscinum. Several widespread perennial pleurocarpous mosses have a low incidence of sporophyte production. Occurences of sites with presence of sporophytes for different species appear to be aggregated in some regions, sometimes even in small forest fragments in the farmland districts.
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| 5. |
- Bengtsson, Bengt Olle, et al.
(författare)
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The effective size of bryophyte populations.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Theoretical Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1095-8541 .- 0022-5193. ; 258:Available online 8 January 2009, s. 121-126
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bryophytes with their dominant haploid stage conform poorly to the life cycles generally treated in population genetical models. Here we make a detailed analysis of what effective sizes bryophyte model populations have as a function of their breeding system. It is found that the effective size is rarely much smaller than the scored number of haploid gametophytic individuals, even when the limited number of diploids (sporophytes) formed is taken into account. The most severe decrease in effective size occurs when unisexual gametophytic females produce only a small number of fertile diploid sporophytes in male biased populations; this effect is due to the restricted sampling of male gametophytic individuals that then occurs. It is shown that the harmonic mean of diploid sporophytes formed per haploid gametophytic individuals is the relevant measure in these calculations and not the standard (and generally larger) arithmetic mean.
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| 6. |
- Sawangproh, Weerachon, et al.
(författare)
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Morphological characters and SNP markers suggest hybridization and introgression in sympatric populations of the pleurocarpous mosses Homalothecium lutescens and H. sericeum
- 2020
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Ingår i: Organisms Diversity and Evolution. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1439-6092 .- 1618-1077. ; 20:4, s. 619-637
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hybridization in bryophytes involves a fusion of gametes produced by haploid parental gametophytes of different species. The primary hybrid is thus the short-lived diploid sporophyte, which soon undergoes meiosis prior to the formation of large amounts of haploid spores. We compared morphology of gametophytes (branch leaves) and sporophytes (capsule inclination) from sympatric populations and allopatric populations of H. lutescens and H. sericeum. In addition, we used transcriptome data to select 85 nuclear SNP markers that were fixed for alternative alleles in the two species. The SNPs were used to estimate the degree of hybridization in diploid sporophytes. Our study shows that gametophytes from sympatric populations display intermediate morphology in a number of leaf characters, with exception for leaf sizes, which are markedly smaller than those in allopatric populations. None of the 100 sporophytes appeared to be primary hybrids, but 33 displayed admixing—heterozygotic expression of SNP markers or mismatch of occasional markers in homozygous condition—suggesting that extensive introgression takes place in the sympatric populations. Most sporophytes with intermediate capsule inclination, initially classed as putative hybrids, did not display admixture of nuclear SNP markers. Sixty-seven percent of admixed sporophytes have predominantly nuclear SNPs typical for H. lutescens. Our results suggest that interspecific hybridization and bidirectional introgression are relatively common in the studied sympatric populations, giving rise to viable recombinants, but not complete mixing of the parental genomes. Our study is one of the first detailed accounts of hybridization among pleurocarpous mosses, opening for future studies of gene transfer and introgression between bryophyte lineages and its role in local adaptation and long-term evolutionary diversification.
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| 7. |
- Bengtsson, Fia, et al.
(författare)
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Mechanisms behind species-specific water economy responses to water level drawdown in peat mosses
- 2020
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Ingår i: Annals of Botany. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0305-7364 .- 1095-8290. ; 126:2, s. 219-230
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and AimsThe ecosystem engineers Sphagnum (peat mosses) are responsible for sequestering a large proportion of carbon in northern peatlands. Species may respond differently to hydrological changes, and water level changes may lead to vegetation shifts in peatlands, causing them to revert from sinks to sources of carbon. We aimed to compare species-specific responses to water level drawdown within Sphagnum, and investigate which traits affect water economy in this genus.MethodsIn a mesocosm experiment, we investigated how water level drawdown affected water content (WC) in the photosynthetically active apex of the moss and maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (i.e. Fv/Fm) of 13 Sphagnum species. Structural traits were measured, and eight anatomical traits were quantified from scanning electron microscopy micrographs.Key ResultsMixed-effects models indicated that at high water level, large leaves were the most influential predictor of high WC, and at low water level WC was higher in species growing drier in the field, with larger hyaline cell pore sizes and total pore areas associated with higher WC. Higher stem and peat bulk density increased WC, while capitulum mass per area and numerical shoot density did not. We observed a clear positive relationship between Fv/Fm and WC in wet-growing species.ConclusionsWhile we found that most hummock species had a relatively high water loss resistance, we propose that some species are able to maintain a high WC at drawdown by storing large amounts of water at a high water level. Our result showing that leaf traits are important warrants further research using advanced morphometric methods. As climate change may lead to more frequent droughts and thereby water level drawdowns in peatlands, a mechanistic understanding of species-specific traits and responses is crucial for predicting future changes in these systems.
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| 8. |
- Cheng, Jingmin, et al.
(författare)
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Interspecific competition affects spore germination and gametophore development of mosses
- 2023
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Ingår i: Open Research Europe. - 2732-5121. ; 3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Interactions between moss species in their earliest growth stages have received little attention. To what extent interspecific competition or priority effects influence spore germination, protonemal development and gametophore emergence is unknown. We evaluated such effects in pairwise interaction between six common bryophyte species: Atrichum undulatum, Bryum argenteum, Ceratodon purpureus, Funaria hygrometrica, Hypnum cupressiforme, Leptobryum pyriforme Methods: Interspecific interactions were assessed in vitro. Spores were sterilized and sown on agar plates in three treatments: 1) as single species cultures (controls), 2) as pairwise species cultures inoculated simultaneously, and 3) with a time lag of 20 days between species. Data on the time needed for spore germination, germination rate, the time needed for gametophore differentiation, number of gametophores per germinated spore and average diameter of colonies were collected. We also performed spore germination tests in single-species cultures at the start and end of the study, as well as tests for density-dependency at spore germination and gametophore formation. Results: We observed strong pairwise interactive effects when sowing spores of different species simultaneously or with a delay of 20 days. The results indicate that spore germination is often inhibited by interspecific competition. The first species has an advantage as compared to the later colonizing species, i.e., an apparent priority effect. Interspecific interactions were also evident during gametophore development and included both inhibition and facilitation. Conclusion: We found pronounced differences in the relative performance of species in interaction with other species during spore germination and gametophore formation. Allelopathic effects are the most probable explanation for these observations. Our results under sterile lab conditions are likely to reflect processes that occur in the wild, governing biotic filtering and bryophyte community assembly during primary and secondary colonization.
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| 9. |
- Tyler, Torbjörn, et al.
(författare)
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Nu startar projekt Skånes Mossor!
- 2007
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Ingår i: Myrinia. - 1102-4194. ; 17:1, s. 52-57
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 10. |
- Tyler, Torbjörn, et al.
(författare)
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Nu startar projekt Skånes Mossor!
- 2007
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Ingår i: Botaniska Notiser. - 0006-8195. ; 140:2, s. 1-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Lund Botanical Society 2007-03-23 decided to launch a project with the following aims: 1) to map the frequency and distribution of all bryophytes in the province of Skåne, southernmost Sweden, thereby making way for future studies of changes in the flora, 2) to find and document as many sites as possible for nationally and regionally rare or endangered bryophytes and initiate conservation actions at these sites, 3) to increase our knowledge of the ecological demands of individual taxa, and 4) to enhance the level of knowledge concerning bryophytes among both amateur botanists and professional nature conservationists. The province has been divided into 534 5 x 5 km grid-squares. The central square kilometre within each grid-square will be surveyed and the result used for unbiased estimates of the frequency of each taxon. In addition, within each grid-square, a variable number of special areas which may be presumed to have a rich or unusual bryophyte flora have been preselected for the survey. Additional areas may be selected by the recorders themselves, but the ultimate goal is not to survey the grid-square as a whole. A special determination key and nomenclatural check-list to all 658 taxa hithereto known from the province, as well as various instructions and forms for the volonteer recorders, have been made available on the Internet and a central database with an Internet interface is under way. Various kinds of courses have been initiated with the aim of educating future recorders. The aim is to survey all grid-squares during a 20 year period and the project is now calling for support from bryologists world-wide.
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