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Träfflista för sökning "AMNE:(NATURAL SCIENCES Chemistry Environmental chemistry) ;conttype:(scientificother);lar1:(liu);hsvcat:4"

Sökning: AMNE:(NATURAL SCIENCES Chemistry Environmental chemistry) > Övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt > Linköpings universitet > Lantbruksvetenskap

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1.
  • Roos, Caroline, et al. (författare)
  • Organic micro-pollutant profiles from urban, industrial, and rural soils and sediments from South Africa.
  • 2012
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Despite having the largest economy in Africa, very little is known about organic pollutants in soils and sediments from urban and industrial areas of South Africa. Here, we present the results of the first studies to investigate levels and distribution of organochlorine pesticides, PCBs, PAHs, chlorinated paraffins, and dioxin-like chemicals from the highly industrialised regions south of Johannesburg. Industries here include petro-chemicals, ferrous and non-ferrous metal production, paper and pulp, coking, mining, and coal-fired power plants.The concentration of PAHs ranged between 44-39 000 ng/g dw and the concentration of carcinogenic PAHs ranged between 19-19 000 ng/g dw. Pyrogenic processes were the most likely sources, with some petrogenic contributions. Carcinogenic PAHs at low-income residential sites were sufficient to potentially cause health effects such as cancer considering direct contact with soil. PCB concentrations ranged between 120‑4 700 ng/kg dw in soils and sediments with highest concentrations from industrial and associated residential areas. Concentrations of dioxin TEQWHO2005 ranged between 0.12 -32 ng/kg TEQ dw in sediments, and between 0.34-20 ng/kg dw in soils. Various combustion and high-temperature processes were likely sources of pollution at the majority of the sites. The polychlorinated paraffins had concentrations between 1.8‑1 200 ng/g dw. Levels of organochlorine pesticides were at or close to limits of detection.The sources, processes and threats that govern and the lesser concentrations in sediment and higher concentrations in soils need further investigation as it may affect human exposure. Bio-accumulation into humans and biota from terrestrial and aquatic food webs under developing-country conditions as examined here needs further investigation before conclusive statements about threats and the need for mitigating interventions can be made. These studies have contributed towards a much better understanding of organic chemical pollutants in sediments and soils from the largest industrial and urban area in South Africa.
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2.
  • Ajjan Godoy, Fátima Nadia (författare)
  • Biohybrid Polymer Electrodes for Renewable Energy Storage
  • 2017
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Daily and seasonally fluctuating energy supply and demand requires adequate energy storage solutions. In recent years electrochemical supercapacitors have attracted considerable attention due to their ability to both store and deliver electrical energy efficiently. Our efforts are focused on developing and optimizing sustainable organic electrode materials for supercapacitors based on renewable bioorganic materials, offering a cheap, environmentally friendly and scalable alternative to store energy. In particular, we are using the second most abundant biopolymer in nature, lignin (Lig), which is an insulating material. However, when used in combination with electroactive and conducting polymers such as polypyrrole (PPy) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), the biohybrid electrodes PPy/Lig and PEDOT/Lig display significantly enhanced energy storage performance as compared to the pristine conducting polymers without the lignin. Redox cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge measurements indicate that the enhanced performance is due to the additional pseudocapacitance generated by the quinone moieties in lignin. Moreover, a conjugated redoxpolymer poly(aminoanthraquinone) PAAQ, with intrinsic quinone functions and excellentstability, has been combined with lignin and PEDOT resulting in a trihybrid bioelectrode. PEDOT compensates the low conductivity of PAAQ and provides electrical pathways to the quinone groups. The electrochemically generated quinones undergo a two electron, two protonredox process within the biohybrid electrodes as revealed by FTIR spectroelectrochemistry.These remarkable features reveal the exciting potential of a full organic energy storage device with long cycle life. Therefore, supercapacitor devices were designed in symmetric or asymmetric two electrode configuration. The best electrochemical performance was achieved by the asymmetric supercapacitor based on PEDOT+Lignin/PAAQ as the positive electrode and PEDOT/PAAQ as the negative electrode. This device exhibits superior electrochemical performance and outstanding stability after 10000 charge/discharge cycles due to the synergistic effect of the two electrodes. Finally, we have characterized the response of this supercapacitor device when charged with the intermittent power supply from an organic photovoltaic module. We have designed charging/discharging conditions such that reserve power was available in the storage device at all times. This work has resulted in an inexpensive fully organic system witht he dual function of energy conversion and storage.
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