| 1. |
- Elgh-Dalgren, Kristin, et al.
(författare)
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Anaerobic bioremediation of a soil with mixed contaminants : Explosives degradation and influence on heavy metal distribution, monitored as changes in concentration and toxicity
- 2009
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Ingår i: Water, Air and Soil Pollution. - Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands. - 0049-6979 .- 1573-2932. ; 202:1-4, s. 301-313
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two soils with explosives and metals were evaluated for the degradation efficiency of explosives by native microorganisms under anaerobic conditions. The commercially available method Daramend®, amended with zero-valent iron (ZVI), was compared with a horse-manure amended compost and a treatment with ZVI alone. In a moderately contaminated soil, Daramend® and ZVI treatment gave significantly higher removal rates compared to compost and control treatments (Tukey’s test, P<0.05). The largest overall decrease in ecotoxicity, measured with bioluminescent bacteria (Vibrio fischeri), was achieved with ZVI-treatment. In a more contaminated soil no degradation of contaminants and no decline in soil toxicity could be distinguished after the same time period. Problems with establishment of anaerobic conditions during parts of the remediation process and low microbial activity due to acute toxicity of contaminants are plausible explanations. Redistribution that could potentially lead to mobilization of the co-contaminant Pb was not observed in either of the soils during the biological treatments.
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| 2. |
- Nilsson, Charlotte, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of organic load on phosphorus and bacteria removal from wastewater using alkaline filter materials
- 2013
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Ingår i: Water Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0043-1354 .- 1879-2448. ; 47:16, s. 6289-6297
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The organic matter released from septic tanks can disturb the subsequent step in on-site wastewater treatment such as the innovative filters for phosphorus removal. This study investigated the effect of organic load on phosphorus (P) and bacteria removal by reactive filter materials under real-life treatment conditions. Two long-term column experiments were conducted at very short hydraulic residence times (average similar to 5.5 h), using wastewater with high (mean similar to 120 mg L-1) and low (mean similar to 20 mg L-1) BOD7 values. Two alkaline filter materials, the calcium-silicate material Polonite and blast furnace slag (BFS), were tested for the removal capacity of total P, total organic carbon (TOC) and Enterococci. Both experiments showed that Polonite removed P significantly ( p < 0.01) better than BFS. An increase in P removal efficiency of 29.3% was observed for the Polonite filter at the lower concentration of BOD7 ( p < 0.05). Polonite was also better than BFS with regard to removal of TOC, but there were no significant differences between the two filter materials with regard to removal of Enterococci. The reduction in Enterococci was greater in the experiment using wastewater with high BOD7, an effect attributable to the higher concentration of bacteria in that wastewater. Overall, the results demonstrate the importance of extensive pre-treatment of wastewater to achieve good phosphorus removal in reactive bed filters and prolonged filter life.
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| 3. |
- Jacobson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Dagvattenkvaliteten i anslutning till Hamnområdet i Västerås
- 2006
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Ingår i: Vatten: Tidskrift för vattenvård. - 0042-2886. ; 62:2, s. 149-159
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Dagvattenkvaliteten i hamnområden är ofta svår att definiera på grund av att hamnen ofta ligger inom industriområden med flera angränsande verksamheter och aktörer sammankopplade i samma avlopp och dagvattensystemet. Eftersom hamnen ligger närmast recipienten påverkas mätresultatet i hamnens provtagningspunkt av samtliga i avlopps- och dagvattensystemets tillförda föroreningar, vilket utgör svårigheter att få en tydlig bild av enbart hamnverksamhetens miljöpåverkan av vattnet. Bedömningsgrunder för vattenkvalitet i dagvatten och avloppsvatten är svårdefinierbara. De bedömningsgrunder som finns bygger på ett statistiskt material som utgår från olika provtagningar gjord i dag- och avloppsvatten system runt om i Sverige.Däremot i naturvatten finns goda underlag till vattenkvalitetsbedömningar i form av gränsvärden och normer vilka är vedertagna i litteraturen.I Västerås har hamnbolaget under några års tid haft hela ansvaret för mätning av förorenat vattnet i områdets dagvattensystem. Detta gäller även de föroreningar som inte härstammar från hamnens egen verksamhet, utan även från den omkringliggande. Juridiskt sett strider detta mot de allmänna hänsynsreglerna om att förorenaren betalar som beskrivs i miljöbalken. Kostnaderna har lagts på en enskild aktör för ett helt avlopps och dagvattensystem, där flera aktörer bidrar till miljöbelastningen. Detta har skett med förevändningen att hamnen är enskilt största verksamhet som bidrar med de största utsläppen av föroreningar till vattnet, vilket denna studie visar vara det motsatta förhållandet.
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| 4. |
- Mutafela, Richard, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Efficient and low-energy mechanochemical extraction of lead from dumped crystal glass waste
- 2021
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Ingår i: Environmental Chemistry Letters. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1610-3653 .- 1610-3661. ; 19, s. 1879-1885
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Glass waste dumps from crystal glass production is an health issue due to the occurrence of antimony, arsenic, cadmium and lead in crystal glass. Recovery of those elements could both decrease pollution and recycle metals in the circular economy. Pyrometallurgy is a potential recovery method, yet limited by high energy consumption. Here we tested a lower-energy alternative in which glass is mechanically activated in a ball mill and leached with nitric acid. Results show that mechanical activation destabilised the glass structure and resulted in 78% lead extraction during leaching at 95 °C. Temperature had the most signifcant efect on extraction, whereas acid concentration, from 0.5 to 3 M, and leaching time, from 0.5 to 12 h, had insignifcant efects. In each experiment, 75% of the fnal extracted amount was achieved within 30 min. The study demonstrates potential for lead extraction from glass waste at lower acid concentration, shorter leaching time and lower temperature, of 95 °C, than traditional pyrometallurgical extraction, typically operating at 1100 °C.
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| 5. |
- Burlakovs, Juris, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Metals and rare Earth’s elements in landfills : case studies
- 2016
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Ingår i: 3rd Int. Symposium on Enhanced Landfill Mining, Lisboa, 8-10/2/2016.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Landfills are considered as places where the life cycle of products ends and materialshave been “disposed forever”. The landfill mining (LFM) approach can deal with formerdumpsites and this material may become important for circular economy perspectiveswithin the concept “Beyond the zero waste”. Potential material recovery should includeperspectives of recycling of critical industrial metals where rare Earth elements (REEs)are playing more and more important role. Real-time applied LFM projects in the BalticRegion have shown the potential of fine-grained fractions (including clay and colloidalmatter) of excavated waste as storage of considerably large amounts of valuable metalsand REEs. Analytical screening studies have extended a bit further the understanding offine fraction contents of excavated, separated and screened waste in a circular economyperspective. The Swedish Institute and Latvian Research Program “Res Prod” supportedthe research.
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| 6. |
- Elgh-Dalgren, Kristin, et al.
(författare)
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Bioremediation of a soil industrially contaminated by wood preservatives : degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and monitoring of coupled arsenic distribution
- 2011
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Ingår i: Water, Air and Soil Pollution. - Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands. - 0049-6979 .- 1573-2932. ; 214:1-4, s. 275-285
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two commercially available aerobic bioremediation methods (Daramend® and BioSan) were utilized to study the aerobic biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and the effect of the simultaneously present arsenic. The soil was collected at an old wood preservation site and the initial PAH16-concentration was 46 mg/kg, with mainly high molecular weight congeners. The As-concentration was105 mg/kg with low availability as assessed with sequential extraction. To enahce the availability of PAH, the effect of a non-ionic surfactant was evaluated. Degradation of both low and high molecular weight PAH was observed, however after 30 weeks, the degradation was generally low and no treatment was significantly better than the others. The treatments had, on the other hand, an effect on As-distribution, with increased As-concentration in the available fraction after treatment. This may be due to both the microbial activity and the presence of anoxic micro sites in the soil. The overall efficiency of the biological treatment was further evaluated using the standardized ecotoxicity test utilizing Vibrio fischeri (Microtox®). The toxicity test demonstrated that the bioremediation led to an increase in toxicity, especially in treatments receiving surfactant. The surfactant implied an increase in contaminant availability but also a decrease in surface tension, which might have contributed to the overall toxicity increase.
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| 7. |
- Elgh-Dalgren, Kristin, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Laboratory and pilot scale soil washing of PAH and arsenic from a wood preservation site : Changes in concentration and toxicity
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Hazardous Materials. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0304-3894 .- 1873-3336. ; 172:2-3, s. 1033-1040
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Soil washing of a soil with a mixture of both polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and As was evaluated in laboratory and pilot scale, utilizing both single and mixtures of different additives. The highest level of decontamination was achieved with a combination of 0.213 M of the chelating agent MGDA and 3.2xCMC* of a nonionic, alkyl glucoside surfactant at pH 12 (Ca(OH)2). This combination managed to reach Swedish threshold values within 10 min of treatment when performed at elevated temperature (50°C), with initial contaminant concentrations of As = 105±4 mg/kg and US-EPA PAH16 = 46.0±2.3 mg/kg. The main mechanisms behind the removal were the pH-effect for As and a combination of SOM-ionization as a result of high pH and micellar solubilization for PAHs. Implementation of the laboratory results utilizing a pilot scale equipment did not improve the performance, which may be due to the shorter contact time between the washing solution and the particles, or changes in physical characteristics of the leaching solution due to the elevated pressure utilized. The ecotoxicological evaluation, Microtox®, demonstrated that all soil washing treatments increased the toxicity of soil leachates, possibly due to increased availability of contaminants and toxicity of soil washing solutions to the test organism.
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| 8. |
- Ferrans, Laura, et al.
(författare)
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Chemical speciation of metals from marine sediments : assessment of potential pollution risk while dredging, a case study in southern Sweden
- 2021
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Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 263:January, s. 1-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Contamination associated with metals is a critical concern related to their toxicity, persistence, and bio-accumulation. Trace elements are partitioned into several chemical forms, which some are more labile during fluctuations in the environment. Studying the distribution of metals between the different chemical fractions contributes to assess their bioavailability and to identify their potential risk of contamination to surrounding environments. This study concerns the speciation of metals (Pb, Cr, Ni, Zn and Fe) from sediments coming out from Malmfjärden bay, Sweden. The aim was to assess the potential risk of metal pollution during present and future dredging as well as while using dredged sediments in beneficial uses. The Tessier speciation procedure was chosen, and the results showed that low concentrations of metals were associated with the exchangeable fraction. In contrast, the major concentrations were linked to the residual part. The risk indexes (contamination factor and risk assessment code) showed that, during dredging activities, there is a low concern of pollution for Cr, Ni and Fe and a medium risk for Pb and Zn. Additionally, in all elements, the sum of non-residual concentrations was below the Swedish limits for using dredged sediments in sensitive lands. The findings suggested that the investigated metals in Malmfjärden sediments are related to low risks of spreading during using in beneficial uses.
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| 9. |
- Jani, Yahya, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Physicochemical and toxicological characterization of hazardous wastes from an old glasswork dump at southeastern part of Sweden
- 2019
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Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 237, s. 1-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- More than 34 old glasswork sites in the southeastern part of Sweden pose a permanent threat to human and environmental health due to the presence of toxic trace elements in open dumps with glass waste. The possibility of leaching of trace elements from different fractions of the disposed waste needed to be assessed. In the present investigation, leachate from a mixture of soil and waste glass of particle sizes of less than 2mm (given the name fine fraction) was characterized by analyzing the pH (7.3), total organic content (TOC<2%), organic matter content (4.4%), moisture content (9.7%), chemical oxygen demand (COD, 163mg/kg) and trace elements content, being the values in accordance to the Swedish guidelines for landfilling of inert materials. However, very high trace elements content was found in the fine fraction as well as in all colors of waste glass, whose values were compatible to hazardous waste landfill class. Tests with Lepidium sativum growing in the fine fraction as substrate revealed chronic toxicity expressed as inhibition of root biomass growth in 11 out of 15 samples. Additionally, leachate from fine fractions posed acute toxicity to genetically modified E. coli (Toxi-Chromotest). This study highlights the importance of combining physicochemical characterization with toxicity tests for both solid waste and leachate obtained from different waste fractions for proper hazardousness assessment supporting decision making on remediation demands.
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| 10. |
- Skvaril, Jan, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Applications of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in biomass energy conversion processes : A review
- 2017
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Ingår i: Applied spectroscopy reviews (Softcover ed.). - : Informa UK Limited. - 0570-4928 .- 1520-569X. ; 52:8, s. 675-728
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biomass used in energy conversion processes is typically characterized by high variability, making its utilization challenging. Therefore, there is a need for a fast and non-destructive method to determine feedstock/product properties and directly monitor process reactors. The near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technique together with advanced data analysis methods offers a possible solution. This review focuses on the introduction of the NIRS method and its recent applications to physical, thermochemical, biochemical and physiochemical biomass conversion processes represented mainly by pelleting, combustion, gasification, pyrolysis, as well as biogas, bioethanol, and biodiesel production. NIRS has been proven to be a reliable and inexpensive method with a great potential for use in process optimization, advanced control, or product quality assurance.
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