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| 2. |
- Grünloh, Christiane, et al.
(författare)
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Using Critical Incidents in Workshops to Inform eHealth Design
- 2017
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Ingår i: Human-Computer Interaction - INTERACT 2017. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319677439 - 9783319677446 ; , s. 364-373
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Demands for technological solutions to address the variety of problems in healthcare have increased. The design of eHealth is challenging due to e.g. the complexity of the domain and the multitude of stakeholders involved. We describe a workshop method based on Critical Incidents that can be used to reflect on, and critically analyze, different experiences and practices in healthcare. We propose the workshop format, which was used during a conference and found very helpful by the participants to identify possible implications for eHealth design, that can be applied in future projects. This new format shows promise to evaluate eHealth designs, to learn from patients’ real stories and case studies through retrospective meta-analyses, and to inform design through joint reflection of understandings about users’ needs and issues for designers.
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| 3. |
- Kujala, Sari, et al.
(författare)
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Benchmarking usability of patient portals in Estonia, Finland, Norway, and Sweden
- 2024
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Ingår i: International Journal of Medical Informatics. - : Elsevier. - 1386-5056 .- 1872-8243. ; 181
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Poor usability is a barrier to widespread adoption of electronic health records (EHR). Providing good usability is especially challenging in the health care context, as there is a wide variety of patient users. Usability benchmarking is an approach for improving usability by evaluating and comparing the strength and weaknesses of systems. The main purpose of this study is to benchmark usability of patient portals across countries. METHODS: A mixed-methods survey approach was applied to benchmark the national patient portals offering patient access to EHR in Estonia, Finland, Norway, and Sweden. These Nordic countries have similar public healthcare systems, and they are pioneers in offering patients access to EHR for several years. In a survey of 29,334 patients, both patients' quantitative ratings of usability and their qualitative descriptions of very positive and very negative peak experiences of portal use were collected. RESULTS: The usability scores ranged from good to fair level of usability. The narratives of very positive and very negative experiences included the benefits of the patient portals and experienced usability issues. The regression analysis of results showed that very positive and negative experiences of patient portal use explain 19-35% of the variation of usability scores in the four countries. The percentage of patients who reported very positive or very negative experiences in each country was unrelated to the usability scores across countries. CONCLUSIONS: The survey approach could be used to evaluate usability with a wide variety of users and it supported learning from comparison across the countries. The combination of quantitative and qualitative data provided an approximation of the level of the perceived usability, and identified usability issues to be improved and useful features that patients appreciate. Further work is needed to improve the comparability of the varied samples across countries.
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| 4. |
- Karegar, Farzaneh, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring User-Suitable Metaphors for Differentially Private Data Analyses
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 18th Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security, SOUPS 2022. - 9781939133304 ; , s. 175-193
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite recent enhancements in the deployment of differential privacy (DP), little has been done to address the human aspects of DP-enabled systems. Comprehending the complex concept of DP and the privacy protection it provides could be challenging for lay users who should make informed decisions when sharing their data. Using metaphors could be suitable to convey key protection functionalities of DP to them. Based on a three-phase framework, we extracted and generated metaphors for differentially private data analysis models (local and central). We analytically evaluated the metaphors based on experts’ feedback and then empirically evaluated them in online interviews with 30 participants. Our results showed that the metaphorical explanations can successfully convey that perturbation protects privacy and that there is a privacy-accuracy trade-off. Nonetheless, conveying information at a high level leads to incorrect expectations that negatively affect users’ understanding and limits the ability to apply the concept to different contexts. In this paper, we presented the plausible suitability of metaphors and discussed the challenges of using them to facilitate informed decisions on sharing data with DP-enabled systems.
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| 5. |
- Schlehahn, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Opportunities and Challenges of Dynamic Consent in Commercial Big Data Analytics
- 2020
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Ingår i: Privacy and Identity Management. Data for Better Living. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030425043 ; , s. 29-44
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the context of big data analytics, the possibilities and demands of online data services may change rapidly, and with it change scenarios related to the processing of personal data. Such changes may pose challenges with respect to legal requirements such as a transparency and consent, and therefore call for novel methods to address the legal and conceptual issues that arise in its course. We define the concept of ‘dynamic consent’ as a means to meet the challenge of acquiring consent in a commercial use case that faces change with respect to re-purposing the processing of personal data with the goal to implement new data services. We present a prototypical implementation that facilitates incremental consent forms based on dynamic consent. We report the results gained via two focus groups which we used to evaluate our design, and derive from our findings implications for future directions.
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| 6. |
- Johansson, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Management of Information Systems Outsourcing : Evaluation of Lessons Learned from a Boundary Spanning Perspective
- 2012
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Ingår i: Electronic Journal of Information Systems Evaluation. - Reading, UK : Academic Publishing International. - 1566-6379. ; 15:1, s. 63-73
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Even if outsourcing is a well-researched phenomenon, it can be stated that evaluation studies on IS outsourcing relationships are scarce. From a description of two IS outsourcing relationship cases, a set of lessons learned are presented. A boundary spanning perspective is then used when evaluating these lessons learned in the client-supplier outsourcing relationships and thereby adding a “new” theoretical perspective on outsourcing relationships. The evaluation is concluded in a set of propositions that present the boundary spanning perspective of the lessons learned. The aim of these propositions is to act as both a guiding tool for how to further develop boundary spanning roles in outsourcing relationships and to act as a base for future research on outsourcing relationships.
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| 7. |
- Murmann, Patrick, et al.
(författare)
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From Design Requirements to Effective Privacy Notifications : Empowering mHealth Users to Make Informed Decisions
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1044-7318 .- 1532-7590. ; 37:19, s. 1823-1848
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To date, there are no satisfactory design requirements for privacy notifications, which constitute a conceptual means of informing users of online data services about how their personal data are processed and guide the decisions they make. Contextualising privacy notifications in the field of personal health tracking, we elicit a set of design requirements from the literature, implement a prototype, and conduct a qualitative, iterative lab study to evaluate the efficacy of the requirements immanent in the prototype. Our findings show that privacy notifications have the potential to facilitate usable transparency and intervenability in the ecosystem of mobile devices. The feedback obtained about the prototype lends itself to a refined set of design requirements presented in this paper. Implementing the principles of human-centred design, these requirements reflect building blocks that can help designers create usable tools that accommodate the needs of users of mobile health services.
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| 8. |
- Bärkås, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Errors, Omissions, and Offenses in the Health Record of Mental Health Care Patients : Results from a Nationwide Survey in Sweden
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Medical Internet Research. - : JMIR Publications. - 1438-8871. ; 25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Previous research reports that patients with mental health conditions experience benefits, for example, increased empowerment and validation, from reading their patient-accessible electronic health records (PAEHRs). In mental health care (MHC), PAEHRs remain controversial, as health care professionals are concerned that patients may feel worried or offended by the content of the notes. Moreover, existing research has focused on specific mental health diagnoses, excluding the larger PAEHR userbase with experience in MHC. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to establish if and how the experiences of patients with and those without MHC differ in using their PAEHRs by (1) comparing patient characteristics and differences in using the national patient portal between the 2 groups and (2) establishing group differences in the prevalence of negative experiences, for example, rates of errors, omissions, and offenses between the 2 groups. METHODS: Our analysis was performed on data from an online patient survey distributed through the Swedish national patient portal as part of our international research project, NORDeHEALTH. The respondents were patient users of the national patient portal 1177, aged 15 years or older, and categorized either as those with MHC experience or with any other health care experience (nonmental health care [non-MHC]). Patient characteristics such as gender, age, education, employment, and health status were gathered. Portal use characteristics included frequency of access, encouragement to read the record, and instances of positive and negative experiences. Negative experiences were further explored through rates of error, omission, and offense. The data were summarized through descriptive statistics. Group differences were analyzed through Pearson chi-square. RESULTS: Of the total sample (N=12,334), MHC respondents (n=3131) experienced errors (1586/3131, 50.65%, and non-MHC 3311/9203, 35.98%), omissions (1089/3131, 34.78%, and non-MHC 2427/9203, 26.37%) and offenses (1183/3131, 37.78%, and non-MHC 1616/9203, 17.56%) in the electronic health record at a higher rate than non-MHC respondents (n=9203). Respondents reported that the identified error (MHC 795/3131, 50.13%, and non-MHC 1366/9203, 41.26%) and omission (MHC 622/3131, 57.12%, and non-MHC 1329/9203, 54.76%) were "very important," but most did nothing to correct them (MHC 792/3131, 41.29%, and non-MHC 1838/9203, 42.17%). Most of the respondents identified as women in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: About 1 in 2 MHC patients identified an error in the record, and about 1 in 3 identified an omission, both at a much higher rate than in the non-MHC group. Patients with MHC also felt offended by the content of the notes more commonly (1 in 3 vs 1 in 6). These findings validate some of the worries expressed by health care professionals about providing patients with MHC with PAEHRs and highlight challenges with the documentation quality in the records.
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| 9. |
- Fritsch, Lothar, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Applications of Privacy and Security Research in the Upcoming Battlefield of Things
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 17th European Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security. - Reading : Academic Conferences and Publishing International Limited. - 9781911218852 - 9781911218869
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article presents the results of a trend scouting study on the applicability of contemporary information privacy and information security research in future defence scenarios in a 25-year-horizon. We sketch the expected digital warfare and defence environment as a “battlefield of things” where connected objects, connected soldiers and automated and autonomous sensing and acting systems are core elements. Based on this scenario, we discuss current research in information security and information privacy and their relevance and applicability for the future scenario.
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| 10. |
- Samoaa, Hazem Peter, et al.
(författare)
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A systematic mapping study of source code representation for deep learning in software engineering
- 2022
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Ingår i: Iet Software. - : Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). - 1751-8806 .- 1751-8814. ; 16:4, s. 351-385
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The usage of deep learning (DL) approaches for software engineering has attracted much attention, particularly in source code modelling and analysis. However, in order to use DL, source code needs to be formatted to fit the expected input form of DL models. This problem is known as source code representation. Source code can be represented via different approaches, most importantly, the tree-based, token-based, and graph-based approaches. We use a systematic mapping study to investigate i detail the representation approaches adopted in 103 studies that use DL in the context of software engineering. Thus, studies are collected from 2014 to 2021 from 14 different journals and 27 conferences. We show that each way of representing source code can provide a different, yet orthogonal view of the same source code. Thus, different software engineering tasks might require different (combinations of) code representation approaches, depending on the nature and complexity of the task. Particularly, we show that it is crucial to define whether the DL approach requires lexical, syntactical, or semantic code information. Our analysis shows that a wide range of different representations and combinations of representations (hybrid representations) are used to solve a wide range of common software engineering problems. However, we also observe that current research does not generally attempt to transfer existing representations or models to other studies even though there are other contexts in which these representations and models may also be useful. We believe that there is potential for more reuse and the application of transfer learning when applying DL to software engineering tasks.
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