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| 2. |
- Pilotto, Francesca, et al.
(författare)
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Late Holocene anthropogenic landscape change in northwestern Europe impacted insect biodiversity as much as climate change did after the last Ice Age
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences. - : Royal Society Publishing. - 0962-8452 .- 1471-2954. ; 289:1977
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since the last Ice Age (ca 115 000–11 700 years ago), the geographical ranges of most plants and animals have shifted, expanded or contracted. Understanding the timing, geographical patterns and drivers of past changes in insect communities is essential for evaluating the biodiversity implications of future climate changes, yet our knowledge of long-term patterns is limited. We applied a network modelling approach to the recent fossil record of northwestern European beetles to investigate how their taxonomic and trait composition changed during the past 16 000 years. We found two major changes in beetle faunas 4000–3500 and 10 000–9500 years ago, coinciding with periods of human population growth in the Late Holocene and climate warming in the Early Holocene. Our results demonstrate that humans have affected insect biodiversity since at least the introduction of agropastoralism, with landscape-scale effects that can be observed at sites away from areas of direct human impact.
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| 3. |
- Gardella, Eusebio, et al.
(författare)
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Zero-product balanced algebras
- 2023
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Ingår i: Linear Algebra and Its Applications. - 0024-3795. ; 670, s. 121-153
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We say that an algebra is zero-product balanced if ab 0 c and a 0 bc agree modulo tensors of elements with zero-product. This is closely related to but more general than the notion of a zero-product determined algebra introduced and developed by Bresar, Villena and others. Every surjective, zero-product preserving map from a zero-product balanced algebra is automatically a weighted epimorphism, and this implies that zero-product balanced algebras are determined by their linear and zero-product structure. Further, the commutator subspace of a zero-product balanced algebra can be described in terms of square-zero elements. We show that a commutative, reduced algebra is zero-product balanced if and only if it is generated by idempotents. It follows that every commutative, zero-product balanced algebra is spanned by nilpotent and idempotent elements. (c) 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http:// creativecommons .org /licenses /by /4 .0/).
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Pilotto, Francesca, et al.
(författare)
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Biodiversity shifts : data-driven insights from modern ecology, archaeology, and quaternary sciences
- 2024
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- To understand the implications of past changes in climate, landscape and human activity on contemporary biodiversity patterns, data from modern and palaeoecological studies must be connected. The Strategic Environmental Archaeology Database (SEAD) provides access to big data from archaeology and Quaternary science and is an enormous potential resource for investigating past changes in biodiversity. By linking SEAD to SBDI, past species distributions can be analysed for their implications for landscape and climate change. Recent macroecological research using SEAD/ SBDI illustrates trends in Late Holocene anthropogenic landscape change in north-western Europe. Over the past few thousand years, humans have impacted insect biodiversity as much as climate change did after the last Ice Age. This demonstrates that data from archaeology, and the consequences of human activity, are essential for fulfilling the promi- se of using data driven ecology for guiding future conservation practices in response to climate change.
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| 6. |
- Johansson, C. A., et al.
(författare)
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A comparison of experiences of training emergency care in military exercises and competences among conscript nurses with different levels of education
- 2007
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Ingår i: Military Medicine. - : Association of Military Surgeons. - 0026-4075 .- 1930-613X. ; 172:10, s. 1046-1052
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The military emergency care education of nurses is primarily concerned with the treatment of soldiers with combat-related injuries. Even though great progress has been made in military medicine, there is still the pedagogical question of what emergency care education for military nurses should contain and how it should be taught. The aim of this study was to describe and compare experiences of training emergency care in military exercises among conscript nurses with different levels of education. A descriptive study was performed to describe and compare experiences of training emergency care in military exercises among conscript nurses with different levels of education in nursing. There were statistical differences between nurses with general nursing education and nurses with a general nursing education and supplementary education. A reasonable implication of the differences is that the curriculum must be designed differently depending on the educational background of the students. Hence, there is an interaction between background characteristics, e.g., the level of previous education and differences pertaining to clinical experience of the participants, and the impact of the exercise itself.
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| 7. |
- Löfgren, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Förbättrade skattningar av Noch P-förlusterna från skog, myr och fjäll inför PLC6 - pilotprojekt
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Inom ramen för detta pilotprojekt har data från riksinventeringen av skog (RIS) ochsatellitscener använts för att med den statistiska metoden Probabilistic Classifierklassificera skogstillståndet på skogs- och myrmark inklusive fjäll. Vattendragsnäraskog har definierats utgående från ett virtuellt nätverksbildat vattendragsnät(VIVAN). Baserat på ca 200 slumpmässigt utvalda källvattendrag i Dalälven, Viskan,Ätran, Nissan och Lagan har därefter modeller skapats för att skatta typhalternaför N och P i bäckvattnet utgående från skogstillståndet i bäcknära och meravlägsen skog.Modellernas förklaringsgrad för Tot-N (r2=0,60) och Tot-P (r2=0,31) är betydligtbättre än de som användes i norra Sverige inom ramen för PLC5 (r2=0,25respektive (r2=0,11), vilket tyder på att det dels föreligger samband mellan avrinningsområdetsegenskaper och N och P halterna och dels att probabilistisk klassningär en användbar metod för att skatta dessa egenskaper. Ytterligare en förbättringjämfört med PLC5 är att Tot-N och Tot-P i södra Sverige samt oorganisktkväve och fosfat inte längre behöver hanteras som konstanter. Modellerna för deoorganiska fraktionerna är dock osäkra.Typhalterna är betydligt högre än de som användes inom PLC5. Orsaken tilldetta är att analysresultaten från de slumpmässigt utvalda vattendragen visar attsommartid kan närsalthalterna i skogs- och myrbäckar vara betydligt högre änmedel- och medianvärden från längre tidsperioder, som även innehåller säsongsochmellanårlig variation. De presenterade typhalterna kan därför inte okritisktanvändas för t.ex. källfördelningsmodellering. För det krävs modeller baserade påvattenkemisk information även från andra årstider.Vi stora möjligheter att ytterligare förbättra modellernas både rumsliga ochtidsmässiga precision och för att använda metodiken över hela Sverige. De förbättringarsom krävs är då främst tillgång till enhetliga satellitdata från ett begränsattidsfönster för framtagande av differensbilder (används för klassning av löv) ochprobabilistisk klassificering, en höjddatabas med högre rumslig (x-, y- och z-led)upplösning och förnyad simulering av ett virtuellt vattendragsnät alternativt enförbättrad vattendragskarta samt upprepad provtagning (data bör finnas från vår,sommar, höst och vinter) av slumpmässigt utvalda skogs- och myrvattendrag förförbättrad skattning av den temporala variationen i typhalterna. Den teknikutvecklingsom krävs på satellitscen- och höjddatabassidan bör finnas tillgänglig inom entreårsperiod, medan det inte finns medel avsatta för provtagning och analys avslumpmässigt insamlade prover från olika årstider.
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| 8. |
- Schnitzer, Barbara Maria, 1992, et al.
(författare)
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The synergy of damage repair and retention promotes rejuvenation and prolongs healthy lifespans in cell lineages
- 2020
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Ingår i: PLoS Computational Biology. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-734X .- 1553-7358. ; 16:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Damaged proteins are inherited asymmetrically during cell division in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, such that most damage is retained within the mother cell. The consequence is an ageing mother and a rejuvenated daughter cell with full replicative potential. Daughters of old and damaged mothers are however born with increasing levels of damage resulting in lowered replicative lifespans. Remarkably, these prematurely old daughters can give rise to rejuvenated cells with low damage levels and recovered lifespans, called second-degree rejuvenation. We aimed to investigate how damage repair and retention together can promote rejuvenation and at the same time ensure low damage levels in mother cells, reflected in longer health spans. We developed a dynamic model for damage accumulation over successive divisions in individual cells as part of a dynamically growing cell lineage. With detailed knowledge about single-cell dynamics and relationships between all cells in the lineage, we can infer how individual damage repair and retention strategies affect the propagation of damage in the population. We show that damage retention lowers damage levels in the population by reducing the variability across the lineage, and results in larger population sizes. Repairing damage efficiently in early life, as opposed to investing in repair when damage has already accumulated, counteracts accelerated ageing caused by damage retention. It prolongs the health span of individual cells which are moreover less prone to stress. In combination, damage retention and early investment in repair are beneficial for healthy ageing in yeast cell populations.
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| 9. |
- Crooks, Lucy, et al.
(författare)
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An Improved Method for Estimating Chromosomal Line Origin in QTL Analysis of Crosses Between Outbred Lines
- 2011
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Ingår i: G3. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2160-1836. ; 1, s. 57-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Estimating the line origin of chromosomal sections from marker genotypes is a vital step in quantitative trait loci analyses of outbred line crosses. The original, and most commonly used, algorithm can only handle moderate numbers of partially informative markers. The advent of high-density genotyping with SNP chips motivates a new method because the generic sets of markers on SNP chips typically result in long stretches of partially informative markers. We validated a new method for inferring line origin, triM (tracing inheritance with Markov models), with simulated data. A realistic pattern of marker information was achieved by replicating the linkage disequilibrium from an existing chicken intercross. There were approximately 1500 SNP markers and 800 F-2 individuals. The performance of triM was compared to GridQTL, which uses a variant of the original algorithm but modified for larger datasets. triM estimated the line origin with an average error of 2%, was 10% more accurate than GridQTL, considerably faster, and better at inferring positions of recombination. GridQTL could not analyze all simulated replicates and did not estimate line origin for around a third of individuals at many positions. The study shows that triM has computational benefits and improved estimation over available algorithms and is valuable for analyzing the large datasets that will be standard in future.
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