| 1. |
- Gerlee, Philip, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Scientific Models : Red Atoms, White Lies and Black Boxes in a Yellow Book
- 2016
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A zebrafish, the hull of a miniature ship, a mathematical equation and a food chain - what do these things have in common? They are examples of models used by scientists to isolate and study particular aspects of the world around us. This book begins by introducing the concept of a scientific model from an intuitive perspective, drawing parallels to mental models and artistic representations. It then recounts the history of modelling from the 16th century up until the present day. The iterative process of model building is described and discussed in the context of complex models with high predictive accuracy versus simpler models that provide more of a conceptual understanding. To illustrate the diversity of opinions within the scientific community, we also present the results of an interview study, in which ten scientists from different disciplines describe their views on modelling and how models feature in their work. Lastly, it includes a number of worked examples that span different modelling approaches and techniques. It provides a comprehensive introduction to scientific models and shows how models are constructed and used in modern science. It also addresses the approach to, and the culture surrounding modelling in different scientific disciplines. It serves as an inspiration for model building and also facilitates interdisciplinary collaborations by showing how models are used in different scientific fields. The book is aimed primarily at students in the sciences and engineering, as well as students at teacher training colleges but will also appeal to interested readers wanting to get an overview of scientific modelling in general and different modelling approaches in particular.
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| 2. |
- Gerlee, Philip, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Scientific Models
- 2016
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A zebrafish, the hull of a miniature ship, a mathematical equation and a food chain - what do these things have in common? They are examples of models used by scientists to isolate and study particular aspects of the world around us. This book begins by introducing the concept of a scientific model from an intuitive perspective, drawing parallels to mental models and artistic representations. It then recounts the history of modelling from the 16th century up until the present day. The iterative process of model building is described and discussed in the context of complex models with high predictive accuracy versus simpler models that provide more of a conceptual understanding. To illustrate the diversity of opinions within the scientific community, we also present the results of an interview study, in which ten scientists from different disciplines describe their views on modelling and how models feature in their work. Lastly, it includes a number of worked examples that span different modelling approaches and techniques. It provides a comprehensive introduction to scientific models and shows how models are constructed and used in modern science. It also addresses the approach to, and the culture surrounding modelling in different scientific disciplines. It serves as an inspiration for model building and also facilitates interdisciplinary collaborations by showing how models are used in different scientific fields. The book is aimed primarily at students in the sciences and engineering, as well as students at teacher training colleges but will also appeal to interested readers wanting to get an overview of scientific modelling in general and different modelling approaches in particular.
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| 3. |
- Pilotto, Francesca, et al.
(författare)
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Late Holocene anthropogenic landscape change in northwestern Europe impacted insect biodiversity as much as climate change did after the last Ice Age
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences. - : Royal Society Publishing. - 0962-8452 .- 1471-2954. ; 289:1977
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since the last Ice Age (ca 115 000–11 700 years ago), the geographical ranges of most plants and animals have shifted, expanded or contracted. Understanding the timing, geographical patterns and drivers of past changes in insect communities is essential for evaluating the biodiversity implications of future climate changes, yet our knowledge of long-term patterns is limited. We applied a network modelling approach to the recent fossil record of northwestern European beetles to investigate how their taxonomic and trait composition changed during the past 16 000 years. We found two major changes in beetle faunas 4000–3500 and 10 000–9500 years ago, coinciding with periods of human population growth in the Late Holocene and climate warming in the Early Holocene. Our results demonstrate that humans have affected insect biodiversity since at least the introduction of agropastoralism, with landscape-scale effects that can be observed at sites away from areas of direct human impact.
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| 4. |
- Pilotto, Francesca, et al.
(författare)
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Biodiversity shifts : data-driven insights from modern ecology, archaeology, and quaternary sciences
- 2024
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- To understand the implications of past changes in climate, landscape and human activity on contemporary biodiversity patterns, data from modern and palaeoecological studies must be connected. The Strategic Environmental Archaeology Database (SEAD) provides access to big data from archaeology and Quaternary science and is an enormous potential resource for investigating past changes in biodiversity. By linking SEAD to SBDI, past species distributions can be analysed for their implications for landscape and climate change. Recent macroecological research using SEAD/ SBDI illustrates trends in Late Holocene anthropogenic landscape change in north-western Europe. Over the past few thousand years, humans have impacted insect biodiversity as much as climate change did after the last Ice Age. This demonstrates that data from archaeology, and the consequences of human activity, are essential for fulfilling the promi- se of using data driven ecology for guiding future conservation practices in response to climate change.
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| 5. |
- Jagers, Peter, 1941
(författare)
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Matematikens ord
- 2009
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Ingår i: LexicoNordica. ; 16, s. 315-318
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 6. |
- Erdeniz, Robert
(författare)
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Operations planning revisited : theoretical and practical implications of methodology
- 2016
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Ingår i: Defence Studies. - London : Routledge. - 1470-2436 .- 1743-9698. ; 16:3, s. 248-269
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Parts of NATO’s contemporary planning framework called the comprehensive operations planning directive (COPD), and parts of the operation-level planning process should be revised since they suffer from methodological inconsistency. This claim is defended by discussing contradicting methodological properties and heuristics applied when framing and managing a military problem in accordance with the COPD. The methodological inconsistency within the COPD; in other words, simultaneously applying contradictory methodological properties, implies one theoretical and three practical implications. The theoretical implication is summarised in a meta-theoretical framework and explained by discussing five methodological properties: non-linearity, emergence, independently changeable generalisations, invariance and boundaries. The three practical implications of methodology imply that methodology is guiding: the problem-frame, conceptual development and action. To improve military planners’ understanding and management of these four identified implications, NATO is recommended to develop a “handbook of methodology.” The purpose of such a handbook should be to emphasise the utility of methodology when planning military operations.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Thorén, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Model uncertainty, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the science-policy interface
- 2024
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Ingår i: Royal Society Open Science. - 2054-5703. ; 11:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The COVID-19 pandemic illustrated many of the challenges with using science to guide planning and policymaking. One such challenge has to do with how to manage, represent and communicate uncertainties in epidemiological models. This is considerably complicated, we argue, by the fact that the models themselves are often instrumental in structuring the involved uncertainties. In this paper we explore how models 'domesticate' uncertainties and what this implies for science-for-policy. We analyse three examples of uncertainty domestication in models of COVID-19 and argue that we need to pay more attention to how uncertainties are domesticated in models used for policy support, and the many ways in which uncertainties are domesticated within particular models can fail to fit with the needs and demands of policymakers and planners.
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| 10. |
- Malmgren, Helge, 1945
(författare)
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Review - Adaptive Dynamics
- 2002
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Ingår i: Metapsychology Online Reviews. - 1931-5716. ; 6:47
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Recension (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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