| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Andersson, Mathias H., et al.
(author)
-
Epibenthic colonization of concrete and steel pilingsin a cold-temperate embayment : a feld experiment
- 2009
-
In: Helgoland Marine Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1438-387X .- 1438-3888. ; 63:3, s. 249-260
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- With large-scale development of offshore wind farms, vertical structures are becoming more common in open water areas. To examine how vertical structures of different materials may be colonized by epibenthic organisms, an experiment was carried out using steel and concrete pilings constructed to resemble those commonly used in wind farm constructions as well as in bridges, jetties and oil platforms. The early recruitment and succession of the epibenthic communities were sampled once a month for the first 5 months and then again after 1 year. Further, the fish assemblages associated with the pillars were sampled and compared to natural areas. The main epibenthic species groups, in terms of coverage, diVered between the two materials at five out of six sampling occasions. Dominant organisms on steel pillars were the barnacle Balanus improvisus,the calcareous tubeworm Pomatoceros triqueter and the tunicate Ciona intestinalis. On the concrete pillars, the hydroid Laomedea sp. and the tunicates Corella parallelogramma and Ascidiella spp. dominated. However, there was no different in coverage at different heights on the pillars or in biomass and species abundance at different directions (north-east or south-west) 5 months after submergence. Fish showed overall higher abundances and species numbers on the pillars (but no difference between steel and concrete)compared to the surrounding soft bottom habitats but not compared to natural vertical rock walls. Two species were attracted to the pillars, indicating a reef effect; Gobiusculus flavescens and Ctenolabrus rupestris. The bottom-dwelling gobies, Pomatoschistus spp., did not show such preferences.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Goncalves, Ines, 1982, et al.
(author)
-
The relationship between female body size and egg size in pipefishes
- 2011
-
In: Journal of Fish Biology. - : Wiley. - 0022-1112 .- 1095-8649. ; 78:6, s. 1847-1854
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Comparing five species of pipefish, egg size was significantly larger in species with brood pouches (Syngnathus typhle, Syngnathus acus and Syngnathus rostellatus) than in species without brood pouches (Entelurus aequoreus and Nerophis ophidion). Egg size correlated positively with female body size in species with brood pouches, but was similar across female sizes in the species lacking pouches. These results may reflect differences in offspring competition as a consequence of variable offspring relatedness within a brood, due to the mating systems adopted by the different species and the presence or absence of a brood pouch.
|
|
| 5. |
- Götmark, Frank, 1955, et al.
(author)
-
Why Be a Shrub? A Basic Model and Hypotheses for the Adaptive Values of a Common Growth Form
- 2016
-
In: Frontiers in Plant Science. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-462X. ; 7
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Shrubs are multi-stemmed short woody plants, more widespread than trees, important in many ecosystems, neglected in ecology compared to herbs and trees, but currently in focus due to their global expansion. We present a novel model based on scaling relationships and four hypotheses to explain the adaptive significance of shrubs, including a review of the literature with a test of one hypothesis. Our model describes advantages for a small shrub compared to a small tree with the same above-ground woody volume, based on larger cross-sectional stem area, larger area of photosynthetic tissue in bark and stem, larger vascular cambium area, larger epidermis (bark) area, and larger area for sprouting, and faster production of twigs and canopy. These components form our Hypothesis 1 that predicts higher growth rate for a small shrub than a small tree. This prediction was supported by available relevant empirical studies (14 publications). Further, a shrub will produce seeds faster than a tree (Hypothesis 2), multiple stems in shrubs insure future survival and growth if one or more stems die (Hypothesis 3), and three structural traits of short shrub stems improve survival compared to tall tree stems (Hypothesis 4)all hypotheses have some empirical support. Multi-stemmed trees may be distinguished from shrubs by more upright stems, reducing bending moment. Improved understanding of shrubs can clarify their recent expansion on savannas, grasslands, and alpine heaths. More experiments and other empirical studies, followed by more elaborate models, are needed to understand why the shrub growth form is successful in many habitats.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Sundbäck, Kristina, 1949, et al.
(author)
-
Dissolved organic nitrogen : an important source of nitrogen for the microphytobenthos in sandy sediment
- 2011
-
In: Aquatic Microbial Ecology. - : Inter research. - 0948-3055 .- 1616-1564. ; 63:1, s. 89-100
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To test the hypothesis that dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) is important for sustaining microphytobenthic (MPB) primary production during nitrogen-limited conditions, the uptake of 15N-labelled urea, the amino acids glycine (GLY) and glutamic acid (GLU), and nitrate and ammonium were measured under simulated in-situ light and temperature conditions. Microphytobenthic primary production and chlorophyll a (Chl a) were also measured. MPB was dominated by diatoms attached to sand grains, cyanobacteria making up ~30% of the biomass. Activities of the hydrolytic ectoenzymes leucin aminopeptidase (AMA), alkaline phosphatase (APA), and β-glucosidase (GLA) in filter-fractionated sediment showed that the microbenthic community was strongly N deficient, with the bacterial fraction (<1 µm) also phosphorus limited. DON uptake (urea + glutamic acid + glycine) accounted for ~ 50–65% of the uptake of 15N-labeled substrates, with higher proportion of DON uptake at low substrate concentrations (≤2 µM). Except for nitrate, the kinetics fitted a linear model. Calculated relative preference index (RPI) based on porewater concentrations, suggested that the order of preference of the microbenthic community was NH4+ > urea > GLU > NO3- > GLY. Using a prokaryotic inhibitor (chloramphenicol) and theoretical calculations of algal uptake based on C/Chl a ratios, it was estimated that “algal” nitrogen uptake accounted for ~ 55-90% of DON uptake. Uptake rates were, however, estimated to cover only 26% –50% of the N-demand of MPB, suggesting that porewater N concentrations were not sufficient to meet the microalgal demand in early summer and that MPB in sandy sediments of micro-tidal waters may often be severely N-limited.
|
|
| 9. |
- Almered Olsson, Gunilla, 1951
(author)
-
Biologisk mångfald - en förutsättning för vår matförsörjning
- 2021
-
In: Biologisk mångfald, naturnyttor och ekosystemtjänster. Svenska perspektiv på livsviktiga framtidsfrågor. - Stockholm & Uppsala : Naturvårdsverket & Centrum för biologisk mångfald. - 1403-6568. - 9789188083364 ; , s. 222-233
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- I detta kapitel ges först en kort inblick i hur den vilda biologiska mångfalden blev grunden för jordbruket och utvecklats som en del av människors matlandskap inom olika lokala ekosystem. I takt med att tillgång till nya energikällor har matproduktionen och matsystemen ändrats vilket bidragit till den allvarliga, lokala och globala miljösituationen vi befinner oss i. Möjligheter till och ramverk för en hållbar matproduktion och hållbara matsystem baserade på agroekologiska system skisseras.
|
|
| 10. |
- Anslan, Sten, et al.
(author)
-
Great differences in performance and outcome of high-throughput sequencing data analysis platforms for fungal metabarcoding
- 2018
-
In: MycoKeys. - : Pensoft Publishers. - 1314-4057 .- 1314-4049. ; 39, s. 29-40
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Along with recent developments in high-throughput sequencing (HTS) technologies and thus fast accumulation of HTS data, there has been a growing need and interest for developing tools for HTS data processing and communication. In particular, a number of bioinformatics tools have been designed for analysing metabarcoding data, each with specific features, assumptions and outputs. To evaluate the potential effect of the application of different bioinformatics workflow on the results, we compared the performance of different analysis platforms on two contrasting high-throughput sequencing data sets. Our analysis revealed that the computation time, quality of error filtering and hence output of specific bioinformatics process largely depends on the platform used. Our results show that none of the bioinformatics workflows appears to perfectly filter out the accumulated errors and generate Operational Taxonomic Units, although PipeCraft, LotuS and PIPITS perform better than QIIME2 and Galaxy for the tested fungal amplicon dataset. We conclude that the output of each platform requires manual validation of the OTUs by examining the taxonomy assignment values.
|
|
