| 1. |
- Pallavicini, Nicola, et al.
(författare)
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Ranges of B, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Sr, Tl, and Zn Concentrations and Isotope Ratios in Environmental Matrices from an Urban Area
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Spectroscopy. - : Hindawi Publishing Corporation. - 2314-4920 .- 2314-4939. ; , s. 1-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Isotopic information may provide powerful insight into the elemental cycling processes which occur in natural compartments. Further implementation of isotopic techniques in natural sciences requires a better understanding of the range of elemental and isotopic compositional variability in environmental matrices. This study assesses the local-scale concentration and isotopic composition variability of nine elements: boron (B), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), strontium (Sr), thallium (Tl), and zinc (Zn) in lysimetric waters, mushrooms, litter, needles, leaves, and lichens. Sequential extractions were also performed on soil samples from 6 depth profiles providing more detailed information on the variability of elemental concentrations and isotope ratios between the elemental pools present in soil. For most of the sample types studied the range of isotopic variability between samples spans almost the entire ranges reported in the literature for natural samples. These results represent a starting point for discussing the role of natural variability in isotopic studies (for example, as a limiting factor in the use of isotopic mixing models) and a baseline for future in-depth studies examining the controls on isotope fraction in natural systems
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| 2. |
- Rodushkin, Ilia, et al.
(författare)
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Application of double-focusing sector field ICP-MS for determination of ultratrace constituents in samples characterized by complex composition of the matrix
- 2018
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 622-623, s. 203-213
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The performance of double focusing, sector fieldmass spectrometry (ICP-SFMS) for determination of analytes, including technology critical elements (TCE), at ultra-trace levels in environmental and clinical matrices was critically evaluated. Different configurations of the ICP-SFMS introduction system as well as various sample preparations, pre-concentration andmatrix separation methods were employed and compared. Factors affecting detection capabilities and accuracy of data produced (instrumental sensitivity, contamination risks, purity of reagents, spectral interferences, matrix effects, analyte recovery and losses) were discussed. Optimized matrixspecific methods were applied to a range of reference and control materials (riverine, brackish and seawaters; whole blood, serumand urine) as well as tap water and snow samples collected in the area of Lulea city, northern Sweden; brackish and seawater from the Laptev Sea; venous blood samples with a special emphasis on determination of Au, Ag, Ir, Os, Pd, Pt, Re, Rh, Ru, Sb and Te. Even though these low abundant elements are relatively under-documented, the results produced were compared with published data, where available.
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| 3. |
- Rodushkin, Ilya, et al.
(författare)
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Uptake and Accumulation of Anthropogenic Os in Free-Living Bank Voles (Myodes glareolus)
- 2011
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Ingår i: Water, Air and Soil Pollution. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0049-6979 .- 1573-2932. ; 218:1-4, s. 603-610
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Osmium tetroxide (OsO4) is one of the most toxic air contaminants but its environmental effects are poorly understood. Here, for the first time, we present evidence of osmium uptake in a common herbivore (bank vole, Myodes glareolus) in boreal forests of northern Sweden. Voles (n = 22) and fruticose arboreal pendular lichens, the potential main winter food source of the vole, were collected along a spatial gradient to the west of a steelwork in Tornio, Finland at the Finnish-Swedish border. Os-187/Os-188 isotope ratios increased and osmium concentrations decreased in lichens and voles along the gradient. Osmium concentrations in lichens were 10,000-fold higher than those in voles. Closest to the steelwork, concentrations were highest in kidneys rather than skin/fur that are directly exposed to airborne OsO4. The kidney-to-body weight ratio was higher at the two localities close to the steelwork. Even though based on a small sample size, our results for the first time demonstrate that osmium is taken up, partitioned, and accumulated in mammal tissue, and indicate that high kidney-to-body weight ratios might be induced by anthropogenic osmium.
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| 4. |
- Pontér, Simon, et al.
(författare)
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Chromium isotope ratio measurements in environmental matrices by MC-ICP-MS
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry. - 0267-9477 .- 1364-5544. ; 31:7, s. 1464-1471
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An analytical procedure consisting of high pressure/temperature acid digestion using an UltraCLAVE system and a one pass, single column matrix separation using DOWEX AG 1X8 anion exchange resin was applied to the determination of Cr concentrations and δ53Cr in chromites, soils, and biological matrices (epiphytic lichens and mosses) using a combination of ICP-SFMS and MC-ICP-MS. The overall reproducibility of the method was assessed by replicate preparation and Cr isotope ratio measurements performed by different operators in multiple analytical sessions over a few months and was found to be 0.11‰ (2σ). The accuracy was evaluated using commercially available reference materials for which measured data were compared with certified values (for Cr concentrations) and previously published results (for isotope data). The results demonstrate a uniform Cr isotope composition in soil depth profiles sampled in different urban environments. A strong negative correlation between δ53Cr and Cr concentrations in lichens and mosses indicates that airborne Cr from local anthropogenic source(s) is depleted in heavy isotopes.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Andren, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Sources of mass bias and isotope ratio variation in multi-collector ICP-MS : optimization of instrumental parameters based on experimental observations
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 0267-9477 .- 1364-5544. ; 19:9, s. 1217-1224
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work, several contributing factors to the observed mass bias in inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) have been identified. Analyses of the isotopic compositions of B deposited on sampler and skimmer cones demonstrate enrichment of [1][0]B on the former and [1][1]B on the latter. Grounding the capacitive discharge system to enhance sensitivity also magnified the level of [1][1]B enrichment on the skimmer cone more than four-fold. This supersonic expansion of the ion beam behind the sampler is confirmed to be an important source of mass bias. Isotopic analyses of the Fe, Zn and Ti leached from used extraction lenses yielded a linear relationship between the levels of lighter isotope depletion and mass ratio. Although consistent with the space-charge effect, the fact that isotopically-heavy deposits were found demonstrates that the ion beam diverges into a relatively wide solid angle in the field-free region behind the skimmer. This severely impairs transmission of, in particular, the lighter isotopes. For a wide range of elements (Li, B, Fe, Ni, Cu, Sb, Ce, Hf and Re), the magnitude of the mass bias was found to be affected by the sample gas flow rate, as well as the distance between the sampler and the end of the torch, i.e., the sampling depth, employed in the Neptune multi-collector ICP-MS instrument. Mathematical analysis of the profiles of intensity variations as a function of these instrumental parameters revealed that the response peaks closer to the torch for the heavier isotopes of all studied elements. Owing to this spatial non-coincidence, tuning for maximum intensity on either isotope will result in sampling from a region where even slight plasma instabilities will be translated into substantial variations in mass bias. Therefore, in-plasma processes also contribute to the degree and temporal stability of mass bias. In light of these findings, recommendations for optimizing multi-collector ICP-MS with respect to obtaining the highest possible precision are presented.
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| 8. |
- Andren, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Variations in instrumental mass discrimination
- 2004
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Ingår i: 2004 Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry. - Cambridge : Royal Society of Chemistry. ; , s. 329-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 9. |
- Appelblad, P.K., et al.
(författare)
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Sources of uncertainty in isotope ratio measurements by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
- 2001
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Ingår i: Analytical Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0003-2700 .- 1520-6882. ; 73:13, s. 2911-2919
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A model is presented describing the effects of dead time and mass bias correction factor uncertainties, flicker noise, and counting statistics on isotope ratio measurement precision using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) with a single collector. Noise spectral analysis is exploited to enable estimation of the flicker noise parameters. For the instrument used, the flicker noise component exhibited a fairly weak frequency (f) dependence ( f -0.33±0.12), but was directly proportional to the total number of counts, Q. As white noise, determined by counting statistics, is given by Q0.5, the isotope ratio measurement uncertainties will actually cease to improve when Q exceeds a certain threshold. This would suggest that flicker noise could become the limiting factor for the precision with which isotope ratios can be determined by ICPMS. However, under most experimental conditions, uncertainties associated with mass discrimination and dead time correction factors are decisive. For ratios up to ~22 (115In/113In), optimum major isotope count rates are generally below 0.3 MHz, for which precision in the mass discrimination factor is limiting. The model derived could be used as a starting point for determining optimum conditions and understanding the limitations of single-collector ICPMS for precise isotope ratio measurements.
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| 10. |
- Appelblad, Petra K., et al.
(författare)
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The use of Pt guard electrode in inductively coupled plasma sectorÆeld mass spectrometry: advantages and limitations
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 0267-9477 .- 1364-5544. ; 15:4, s. 359-364
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Performance characteristics of inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometry (ICP-SFMS) were studied with a Pt guard electrode (GE) inserted between the torch and load coil. The importance of the optimisation procedure and the matrix effects caused by a seawater matrix were assessed for 20 elements. Oxide and doubly charged ion formation was also investigated. Use of the GE allows a significant increase in ion transmission, by a factor of three to 20, thus resulting in improved instrumental detection limits. The improvement in sensitivity is mass dependent, with the highest gain observed for lower mass elements. Since, for the majority of analytical applications, actual detection limits depend upon blank levels rather on instrumental sensitivity, the most important factor for the determination of elements at ultra-trace levels is the degree of contamination of reagents and containers used. At the same time, significantly greater oxide formation is observed when operating the GE grounded rather than in the floating mode. For example, the BaO+/Ba+ ratio is ten to twelve times higher in the grounded mode. This calls for compromised instrumental parameters and the potential for severe spectral interferences from oxide species, which are often unresolved, even in high-resolution mode. Furthermore, non-spectral interferences from the seawater matrix appear to be more pronounced with the grounded GE, yielding a recovery of Ni of 55% compared with 93% in the floating GE mode. Hence all possible advantages and limitations of the use of the GE should be carefully considered prior to the analysis of real samples.
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