| 1. |
- Kilger, Magnus, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Governing Talent Selection through the Brain : Constructing Cognitive Executive Function as a Way of Predicting Sporting Success
- 2020
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Ingår i: Sport, Ethics and Philosophy. - London: UK : Routledge. - 1751-1321 .- 1751-133X. ; 14:2, s. 206-225
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An increasingly central part of the scientific debate in sports has come to focus on how neuroscience can help to explain sports performance and development of expertise. In particular, the process of identifying young talents has been increasingly influenced by neuroscientific tests to identify future potential. It has been argued that instead of relying on coaches’ subjective assessments the process of selection should be based on general metrics of the brain through standardized testing. One key neurological function highlighted in the search for talent is cognitive executive functions. In the contemporary debate, studies of brain activity have suggested that children should undergo neuroscientific testing to determine the appropriate cognitive executive functions (CEF) for elite sports.This paper builds on previous work on the implications of a neuroscientific ontology in sports and Bruno Latour’s work on the construction of scientific facts. Departing from discourse analysis, this paper studies the production and popularization of CEF as scientific facts. The findings illustrate how representations of brain activity are visualized and legitimized and how the out-of-context tests are translated into facts about brain functions. The CEF test results are produced as inscriptions of undisputable facts, claiming that the results show prerequisites for sporting success. We argue that the mind-brain-behaviour relationship cannot be reduced to CEF tests and instead calls for a critical gaze on neuroscientific truth-claims and taken-for-granted facts in the area of sport.
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| 2. |
- Bäckström, Åsa, 1966-
(författare)
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Good ethnography smells bad : On aesthetic experience in qualitative research
- 2008
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Ingår i: Sveriges antropologförbunds årliga konferens (SANT).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aesthetic learning processes are being notified in current Swedish pedagogical research. The philosophical term aesthetics is used in multiple modes, some of them borrowing an agenda from the studies of fine art, some more with inspiration from cultural studies and popular culture. In this emerging field both ethnography and every-day-aesthetics are in focus. Despite new ways of doing ethnography the results still tend to look (!) like traditional ethnography. Field-notes saturated with sensuous and stinking data; e.g. moist socks, sweaty t-shirts and car fumes, still tend to depend upon written texts and photography as scientific proof. Moreover ethnography is still judged against a positivistic framework drawing from natural science. Is a change required? And in that case, can the future of visual anthropology challenge this hegemonic scientific paradigm?
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| 3. |
- Backlander, Gisela, et al.
(författare)
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Development and Validation of a Multi-Dimensional Measure of Activity-Based Working Behaviors
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most work on activity-based working centers on the physical environment and digital technologies enabling flexible working. While important, we believe the key components for implementing activity-based working are employee and manager behaviors. To measure the degree of enactment of activity-based work, based on workshops with experienced practitioners as well as previous literature, we have developed and validated a behavior-focused measure of activity-based working behaviors. In our initial sample (Sample 1, N = 234), three subscales were identified: task - environment crafting, workday planning, and social needs prioritization. In the replication sample (Sample 2, N = 434), this model also showed adequate fit. Moreover, task - environment crafting was related to general health and lower stress in sample 1 (multi-organization sample), but not in the single-organization sample (sample 2). Workday planning was associated with higher concentration in both samples and in the second sample with general health and work engagement; the latter was also related to social needs prioritization.
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| 4. |
- Webb, Louisa, et al.
(författare)
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Healthy bodies : construction of the body and health in physical education
- 2008
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Ingår i: Sport, Education and Society. - London : Routledge. - 1357-3322 .- 1470-1243. ; 13:4, s. 353-372
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In physical education, bodies are not only moved but made. There are perceived expectations for bodies in physical education to be ‘healthy bodies’*for teachers to be ‘appropriate’ physical, fit, healthy and skilful ‘role models’ and for students to display a slim body that is equated with fitness and health. In teachers’ monitoring of students with the intention of regulating health behaviour, however, the surveillance of students’ bodies and associated assumptions about health practices are implicated in the (re)production of the ‘cult of the body’. In this paper, we consider issues of embodiment and power in a subject area where the visual and active body is central and we use data from Australian and Swedish schools to analyse the discourses of health and embodiment in physical education. In both Swedish and Australian physical education there were discourses related to a fit healthy body and an at risk healthy body. These discourses also acted through a range of techniques of power, particularly regulation and normalisation.
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| 5. |
- Öhman, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Feel good—be good : subject content and governing processes in physical education
- 2008
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Ingår i: Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy. - Abingdon, Oxfordshire : Routledge. - 1740-8989 .- 1742-5786. ; 13:4, s. 365-379
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: In this paper a study of both subject content and governing processes in Swedish physical education is presented. The reason why an analysis of both content and processes is of special interest is that it makes it possible to understand the encounter between the institutional level and the practice of education.Purpose: The purpose of the paper is threefold: (1) to analyse the subject content in physical education through identifying discourses embedded in its practice; (2) to illustrate how the subject content is created/re-created in physical education practice through various governing processes; and (3) to discuss how governing processes also become content through thesocialization of students in terms of becoming a certain type of social citizen.Research design and data collection: The empirical material used is collected in connection with a national evaluation of physical education in Sweden, commissioned by the Swedish Government and the Swedish National Agency for Education. This paper uses local curriculum documents from 72 schools and 15 video-recorded physical education lessons from five schools. A starting point for the methodological framework is discourse theory and the governing perspective developed by Michel Foucault (1978/1991, 1980, 1982/2002). The governing perspective is used as a methodological tool, and we work with two overarching analysis themes: one oriented towards what pupils are governed, in terms of discourses embedded in physical education, and the other how the identified discourses are created/re-created in the practice of physical education. We also use the methodological framework as a tool to discuss how the governing processes also become content—a content of socialization.Findings: The results show that physical exertion and active participation are the main threads that run though the analysed material. In connection with physical exertion and active participation, pupils are also encouraged to cooperate with others and to compete. The content of socialization is primarily directed towards different components of willingness, for example a will to do one’s best and a will to try, where the pupils are expected to be participatory, take responsibility and govern their own actions in the direction of that which is most reasonable.Conclusions: A clear message is communicated in physical education in Sweden—be active and work up a sweat. This is also concerned with fostering good character, i.e. creating correct attitudes and approaches through physical activity—be an active and willing person. Physical education is consequently a place where both political volition and the creation of today’s citizens are staged. It is thus not only physical exertion—the physiological effects of exercise and involvement in sports and physical education—that is in the foreground of the activities we study in physical education. It is also about becoming a certain type of social citizen.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Bäckström, Åsa, 1966-
(författare)
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Känsla och kroppsligt kunnade inom idrott / "Känsla" and bodily knowing in sports
- 2015
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Ingår i: In the flow.. - Linköping.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inom idrott är känsla något en har eller inte. Känsla sätts ofta som förled till idrottsliga attiraljer eller idrottsliga göranden. Bollkänsla innebär en förmåga att hantera bollar på ett skickligt sätt och matchkänsla innebär att ha en helhetssyn på matchen. Till skillnad mot teknik, som kan övas upp, är känsla en förmåga som omtalas termer av kroppslig kompetens som funnits med hela livet. Känsla har också en estetisk dimension. I detta paper diskuteras idrottens känsla i relation till fenomenologisk teori. Genom empiriska exempel från etnografiska studier om idrott, synliggörs hur känslan och dess olika dimensioner kan sägas vara betydelsefulla komponenter i konstruktionen av kunnande.
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| 8. |
- Efverström, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Anti-doping and legitimacy : an international survey of elite athletes’ perceptions
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Sport Policy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1940-6940 .- 1940-6959. ; , s. 491-514
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Anti-doping work is a comprehensive enterprise that entails control and governance of elite athletes’ everyday lives. However, in policy-making regarding doping and anti-doping in elite sports, the athletes’ perspective has not been considered adequately. Focusing on elite athletes’ perceptions of anti-doping as both principle and praxis, the study aimed to analyse how these perceptions can be understood from a legitimacy perspective. A survey study involving 261 elite athletes from 51 different countries and four international sports federations was conducted. The results showed that the athletes did not question the legitimacy of the rules, but had concerns about the legitimacy of the way the rules and principles are enforced in practice, specifically with regard to matters of privacy, lack of efficiency and equal conditions as well as athletes’ involvement in the anti-doping work. The article describes how athletes’ perceptions of the legitimacy of anti-doping work constitute the basis for their willingness to follow regulations as well as a precondition for the work’s functionality and stability. In light of this finding, the article calls for the empowerment of athletes in anti-doping work.
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| 9. |
- Ekenberg, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Idrottslärares informationsbehov i yrkeslivet
- 2010
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Syftet med undersökningen var att studera och dokumentera idrottslärares yrkesrelaterade informationsbehov och informationsanvändning. Till detta använde vi följande frågeställningar:- Vilka läromedel använder lärare i idrott och hälsa i sin undervisning och hur får de tag på nytt material?- Vilka informationskällor använder lärare i idrott och hälsa i sin kompetensutveckling?Konkret ville vi använda resultatet till att implementera yrkesrelevant informationssökning i bibliotekets undervisning av lärarstudenterna vid GIH, samt utveckla GIH bibliotekets webbplats med information om användbara resurser för idrottslärare.Metoden vi använde var enkätundersökning med hjälp av ett webbenkätverktyg. Vi fick in svar från 122 lärare i idrott och hälsa.Resultaten visade att det material som flest lärare (74%) använde i undervisningen är sådant som de fick under sin lärarutbildning. 69% av lärarna i vår undersökning använde läroböcker i undervisningen i idrott och hälsa. Att använda bibliotek var däremot inte vanligt. För att hitta nytt material till undervisningen sökte 81% av lärarna på webben, främst genom Lektion.se och Google. 78% angav kurser och konferenser som källa till nytt material. Vad gäller informationskällor för den egna kompetensutvecklingen angav flest lärare (87%) att de läste facktidskrifter, där den vanligaste tidskriften var Idrott & hälsa. Många av lärarna var medlemmar i nätverk för idrottslärare och hade deltagit i kurser och konferenser för sin kompetensutveckling under det senaste året. Att prenumerera på nyhetsbrev eller att ha nyhetsbevakning (RSS) på någon webbsida eller blogg var inte lika vanligt.Ett framträdande resultat av undersökningen var att så många av lärarna efterlyste samlade övningsbanker med s.k. "tips och trix" att kunna använda som inspirationskälla i undervisningen. Detta lärarnas upplevda behov av praktiskt tillämpbart material kan ställas mot det faktum att lärarutbildningens akademiserats och att man efter genomgången högskoleutbildning, enligt högskolelagen, förväntas kunna söka och värdera kunskap på vetenskaplig nivå samt följa kunskapsutvecklingen inom sitt yrke och ämnesområde. Att under utbildningstiden visa på möjligheten att bevaka olika källor ser vi som ett sätt att underlätta för lärarstudenterna att följa kunskapsutvecklingen i deras kommande yrkesliv.
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