| 1. |
- Sagberg, Fridulv, et al.
(författare)
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A Review of Research on Driving Styles and Road Safety
- 2015
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Ingår i: Human Factors. - : SAGE Publications. - 1547-8181 .- 0018-7208. ; 57:No. 7, November 2015, s. 1248- 1275
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To outline a conceptual framework for understanding driving style and, based on this, review the state-of-the-art research on driving styles in relation to road safety.Background: Previous research has indicated a relationship between the driving styles adopted by drivers and their crash involvement. However, a comprehensive literature review of driving style research is lacking. Method: A systematic literature search was conducted, including empirical, theoretical and methodological research on driving styles related to road safety. Results: A conceptual framework was proposed where driving styles are viewed in terms of driving habits established as a result of individual dispositions as well as social norms and cultural values. Moreover, a general scheme for categorising and operationalizing driving styles was suggested. On this basis, existing literature on driving styles and indicators was reviewed. Links between driving styles and road safety were identified and individual and socio-cultural factors influencing driving style were reviewed. Conclusion: Existing studies have addressed a wide variety of driving styles, and there is an acute need for a unifying conceptual framework in order to synthesise these results and make useful generalisations. There is a considerable potential for increasing road safety by means of behaviour modification. Naturalistic driving observations represent particularly promising approaches to future research on driving styles. Application: Knowledge about driving styles can be applied in programmes for modifying driver behaviour and in the context of usage-based insurance. It may also be used as a means for driver identification and for the development of driver assistance systems.
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| 2. |
- Eadson, Will, et al.
(författare)
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Decarbonising industry : A places-of-work research agenda
- 2023
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Ingår i: The Extractive Industries and Society. - : Elsevier. - 2214-790X .- 2214-7918. ; 15
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Deep decarbonisation of extractive and foundational industries will involve widespread social and economic change. Research on previous industrial restructuring has demonstrated that resultant changes will be geographically uneven, especially without countervailing state intervention. Such change has been shown to matter for both the nature and location of work in those industries as well as for the wider wellbeing of places. Concentrations of economic activity create place-based economic and sociocultural dependencies. As such in-dustries and industrial work often become entwined with workers' and communities' cultural identities. It is important to understand implications of industrial change for work, for place, and - as we argue here - relations between work and place. Building from a semi-systematic review of existing literature on industrial decarbon-isation, work and place, we extend prevailing political economic approaches to economic change, to also set out an original approach to decarbonising extractive and foundational industries, which we term 'places-of-work'. This approach is embedded in acknowledgement of the deep economic and cultural relations between work and place, which also plays out in processes of industrial decarbonisation. The approach builds from cultural and feminist approaches to economic change to emphasise sets of interrelations important to study of industrial decarbonisation as geographic phenomenon. Such an approach means extending the role of the state not as solely, or even primarily, focused on provision of training or employment opportunities, but as requiring adoption of a place-based approach to remaking economic and cultural characteristics of a location and its people. In setting out our alternative agenda, we seek to develop new insights that enable us to understand how industrial transitions potentially act within, and impact upon, places and their cultural identities, and the role of the state in reinforcing and disrupting these to support just transitions.
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| 3. |
- Stepanova, Olga, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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The relevance of environmental conflict research for coastal management. A review of concepts, approaches and methods with a focus on Europe
- 2013
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Ingår i: Ocean and Coastal Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0964-5691. ; 75, s. 20-32
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Analysis and resolution of coastal resource use conflicts have largely been neglected in coastal research, environmental policies and resource management strategies such as Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM). We review theoretical approaches and empirical studies from European countries about environmental and natural resource use conflicts with the aim to clarify the requirements for developing interdisciplinary coastal conflict research as a component of sustainable coastal management. Issues of terminology, conceptual and methodological differences and requirements for analysing and solving resource use and management conflicts are addressed. Thereafter, possibilities of consolidation of the research field and the perspectives of future coastal conflict research are discussed – along with comparative studies of conflicts, conflict management, and integration of the knowledge of resource users. We conclude that the reviewed conflict concepts, typologies and approaches can be integrated and thus help to improve context-specific analysis of multi-scale coastal conflicts. Such conflicts are part of sustainable resource management that needs to deal with consequences of global environmental change, especially the rise in sea levels in coastal areas.
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| 4. |
- Rostami, Arian, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Sexual and gender-based harassment against police employees in European countries : a scoping review
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Sexual Aggression. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1355-2600 .- 1742-6545.
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sexual and gender-based harassment is a work environment concern, especially in hierarchical and male-dominant organisations such as the police. This scoping review aims to examine the existing literature on such harassment against police employees in Europe to identify the available knowledge and highlight the gaps for future studies. Following the Arksey and O'Malley framework, 16 relevant articles were analysed. Most of the studies were focused on sexual harassment, and gender-based harassment was mostly absent or mixed with other discriminations. The analysis resulted in six main themes: existence of sexual and gender-based harassment; perpetrators; associated factors; consequences; individual response; and impact of organisational policies. The findings demonstrate that such harassment remains prevalent among police employees, emphasising the need for continuous and rigorous supervision, evaluation, and comprehensive revision of policies by police authorities. This study recommends further research to address the identified gaps in this field.PRACTICE IMPACT STATEMENTThe findings presented in this article have the potential to significantly advance the field of police research in Europe by providing a comprehensive map of existing knowledge and identifying important gaps within this research domain. Moreover, the study facilitates the application of more accurate and comprehensive methodologies. Additionally, the outcomes of this research can directly benefit police authorities by offering insights to enhance organizational culture and the work environment for police employees.
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| 5. |
- Gren, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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How smart is smart growth? : Examining the environmental validation behind city compaction
- 2019
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Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer Netherlands. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 48:6, s. 580-589
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Smart growth (SG) is widely adopted by planners and policy makers as an environmentally friendly way of building cities. In this paper, we analyze the environmental validity of the SG-approach based on a review of the scientific literature. We found a lack of proof of environmental gains, in combination with a great inconsistency in the measurements of different SG attributes. We found that a surprisingly limited number of studies have actually examined the environmental rationales behind SG, with 34% of those studies displaying negative environmental outcomes of SG. Based on the insights from the review, we propose that research within this context must first be founded in more advanced and consistent knowledge of geographic and spatial analyses. Second, it needs to a greater degree be based on a system's understanding of urban processes. Third, it needs to aim at making cities more resilient, e.g., against climate-change effects.
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| 6. |
- Jamei, Elmira, et al.
(författare)
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Perceived Accessibility and Key Influencing Factors in Transportation
- 2022
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI. - 2071-1050. ; 14:17, s. 1-22
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Accessibility is commonly assessed using indicators calculated from spatial data. Comparatively perceived accessibility cannot be adequately reflected by these calculated measures because it involves the perception to participate in spatially dispersed opportunities. This highlights the need to understand and consider perceived accessibility for planning and evaluation of transport systems from a complementary perspective. Therefore, this study aims to offer a systematic review concerning the interpretations of perceived accessibility in transport, its concept, major social drivers, barriers, evaluation methods and key influencing factors. This review also highlights the importance of perceived safety and service quality in public transport and their relationship with perceived accessibility in daily travel. The paper argues that perceived accessibility with due consideration of perceived safety and service quality will contribute to the development from mobility-based to accessibility-based planning.
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| 7. |
- Marcheschi, Elizabeth, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Home setting after stroke, facilitators and barriers: a systematic literature review
- 2018
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Ingår i: Health and Social Care in the Community. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1365-2524 .- 0966-0410. ; 26:4, s. e451-e459
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper seeks to improve the understanding of the interaction between patients with stroke and the physical environment in their home settings. Stroke care is increasingly performed in the patient’s home. Therefore, a systematic review was conducted to identify the existing knowledge about facilitators and barriers in the physical environment of home settings for the stroke rehabilitation process. Based upon Arksey and O’Malley’s framework, a Boolean search strategy was performed in the databases; CINAHL, Medline, Web of Science and Scopus. Fifteen articles were retained from the literature search conducted between August and November 2016, and two researchers independently assessed their quality based on the Swedish Council on Health Technology Assessment guidelines. The results suggest that despite the healthcare system’s ongoing shift towards home-based rehabilitation, the role played by the physical environment of home settings is still considered a side finding. Moreover, the research appears to focus mainly on how this environment supports mobility and activities of daily living, whereas information regarding the psychosocial and emotional processes that mediate the interaction between stroke survivors and their home setting are missing. A lack of information was also found with regard to the influence of different geographic locations on the stroke rehabilitation process. Future investigations are therefore needed to advance the understanding of the role played by the physical environment of home settings in supporting stroke recovery.
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| 8. |
- Almahfali, Mohammed, et al.
(författare)
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Human Rights from an Islamic Perspective : A Critical Review of Arabic Peer-Reviewed Articles
- 2023
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Ingår i: Social Sciences. - : MDPI. - 2076-0760. ; 12:2
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The relationship between human rights and Islam is important in countries of the Arab world where religion plays a significant role in public debates and daily life. The topic is particularly relevant at a time of sharpening conflicts and polarization, when forms of government in the region, the current world order, and the legitimacy of international organizations are increasingly contested. Much of the scholarly work published in English on this topic draws on sources available in English. This review, therefore, aims to make a contribution to the field through analysis and discussion of academic papers published in Arabic. A search was made in Google Scholar in April 2022 which yielded 12 publications published in 2020 and 2021, after inclusion and exclusion criteria had been applied. These publications were analyzed drawing on the four framing categories. A summary is also given of the definitions, sources, and premises on which the arguments of the publications draw. The reviewed papers contrast the universal and divine foundation of Islamic human rights with the limitations of modern conceptualizations based on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). The latter is described as emanating from Western hegemonistic aspirations and as detached from moral and spiritual values. The papers consequently argue that human rights would be guaranteed globally by generalizing a system of governance based on Shari'a law and the ideal of the Rightly Guided Caliphs. Little attention is given to human rights abuses observed in Muslim societies, diverse interpretations of Islamic source texts, or concrete measures to improve human rights protections in practice. Importantly, the arguments presented in these papers tend to reinforce a contemporary discourse that frames conflicting visions on human rights as a 'clash of civilisations' between 'Islam' and 'the West'.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Zhang, Pei, et al.
(författare)
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Defining the Scope of Exposome Studies and Research Needs from a Multidisciplinary Perspective
- 2021
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology Letters. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2328-8930. ; 8:10, s. 839-852
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concept of the exposome was introduced over 15 years ago to reflect the important role that the environment exerts on health and disease. While originally viewed as a call-to-arms to develop more comprehensive exposure assessment methods applicable at the individual level and throughout the life course, the scope of the exposome has now expanded to include the associated biological response. In order to explore these concepts, a workshop was hosted by the Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR, Japan) to discuss the scope of exposomics from an international and multidisciplinary perspective. This Global Perspective is a summary of the discussions with emphasis on (1) top-down, bottom-up, and functional approaches to exposomics, (2) the need for integration and standardization of LC- and GC-based high-resolution mass spectrometry methods for untargeted exposome analyses, (3) the design of an exposomics study, (4) the requirement for open science workflows including mass spectral libraries and public databases, (5) the necessity for large investments in mass spectrometry infrastructure in order to sequence the exposome, and (6) the role of the exposome in precision medicine and nutrition to create personalized environmental exposure profiles. Recommendations are made on key issues to encourage continued advancement and cooperation in exposomics.
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