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Sökning: AMNE:(SAMHÄLLSVETENSKAP) AMNE:(Juridik) > Naturvetenskap

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2.
  • Havenhand, Jonathan N., 1959, et al. (författare)
  • Ecological and functional consequences of coastal ocean acidification : Perspectives from the Baltic-Skagerrak System
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 48:8, s. 831-854
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Ocean temperatures are rising; species are shifting poleward, and pH is falling (ocean acidification, OA). We summarise current understanding of OA in the brackish Baltic-Skagerrak System, focussing on the direct, indirect and interactive effects of OA with other anthropogenic drivers on marine biogeochemistry, organisms and ecosystems. Substantial recent advances reveal a pattern of stronger responses (positive or negative) of species than ecosystems, more positive responses at lower trophic levels and strong indirect interactions in food-webs. Common emergent themes were as follows: OA drives planktonic systems toward the microbial loop, reducing energy transfer to zooplankton and fish; and nutrient/food availability ameliorates negative impacts of OA. We identify several key areas for further research, notably the need for OA-relevant biogeochemical and ecosystem models, and understanding the ecological and evolutionary capacity of Baltic-Skagerrak ecosystems to respond to OA and other anthropogenic drivers.
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3.
  • Uggla, Ylva, 1960-, et al. (författare)
  • Dissimilar framings of forest biodiversity preservation : Uncertainty and legal ambiguity as contributing factors
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Forest Policy and Economics. - : Elsevier. - 1389-9341 .- 1872-7050. ; 62, s. 36-42
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Controversies over forestry and environmental issues, including biodiversity, are common. Theory suggests that uncertainty may play a major role in framing biodiversity and its preservation. This paper examines written statements on biodiversity preservation published by two major Swedish organizations, i.e., the Swedish Forest Industries Federation and the Swedish Society for Nature Conservation, with different interests in forest use. Frame analysis suggests that when the actors pursue a certain policy course, both biodiversity-related uncertainty and lack of regulatory clarity are important factors contributing to dissimilar framings. This case study supports the general understanding that biodiversity-related uncertainty can have important implications for biodiversity preservation, in this case, via forest policy and legislation. Scientific uncertainty may allow actors with dissimilar interests in an issue to justify their standpoints. To successfully manage forest biodiversity in the future, legal frameworks must increasingly find ways to accommodate scientific uncertainty, and models must be developed in which stakeholders’ diverging interests and values address uncertainties via dialogue.
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4.
  • Malafry, Melina, 1982-, et al. (författare)
  • Rättsliga förutsättningar för havsbaserad vindkraft
  • 2022
  • Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Rapporten innehåller beskrivningar och analyser av juridiska frågor kopplade till havsbaserad vindkraft. Det innefattar vilken lagstiftning som tillämpas i olika delar av havet, tillstånd som krävs och mot vilka miljöbestämmelser prövningen sker. Forskarna analyserar de EU-rättsliga frågor som kan innebära konflikter med utveckling av vindkraft, med fokus på EU:s fågeldirektiv samt art- och habitatdirektivet. I rapporten redogörs för de vanligast förekommande arterna som riskerar att påverkas av havsbaserad vindkraft och rättslig praxis kopplat till dem. Översiktsplanerna och havsplanernas betydelse för den individuella prövningen av havsbaserad vindkraft tas upp i rapporten som även innehåller en diskussion om under vilka förutsättningar vindkraft till havs kan vara ett hållbart alternativ för utbyggnad av förnybar elproduktion i Sverige.
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5.
  • Kõljalg, Urmas, et al. (författare)
  • A price tag on species
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Research Ideas and Outcomes_RIO. - : Pensoft Publishers. - 2367-7163. ; 8, s. 1-7
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Species have intrinsic value but also partake in a long range of ecosystem services of major economic value to humans. These values have proved hard to quantify precisely, making it all too easy to dismiss them altogether. We outline the concept of the species stock market (SSM), a system to provide a unified basis for valuation of all living species. The SSM amalgamates digitized information from natural history collections, occurrence data, and molecular sequence databases to quantify our knowledge of each species from scientific, societal, and economic points of view. The conceptual trading system will necessarily be very unlike that of the regular stock market, but the looming biodiversity crisis implores us to finally put an open and transparent price tag on symbiosis, deforestation, and pollution
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6.
  • Klapwijk, Maartje, et al. (författare)
  • Reducing the risk of invasive forest pests and pathogens : Combining legislation, targeted management and public awareness
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 45, s. S223-S234
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Intensifying global trade will result in increased numbers of plant pest and pathogen species inadvertently being transported along with cargo. This paper examines current mechanisms for prevention and management of potential introductions of forest insect pests and pathogens in the European Union (EU). Current European legislation has not been found sufficient in preventing invasion, establishment and spread of pest and pathogen species within the EU. Costs associated with future invasions are difficult to estimate but past invasions have led to negative economic impacts in the invaded country. The challenge is combining free trade and free movement of products (within the EU) with protection against invasive pests and pathogens. Public awareness may mobilise the public for prevention and detection of potential invasions and, simultaneously, increase support for eradication and control measures. We recommend focus on commodities in addition to pathways, an approach within the EU using a centralised response unit and, critically, to engage the general public in the battle against establishment and spread of these harmful pests and pathogens.
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7.
  • Flensburg, Per, 1946- (författare)
  • Om intellektuell upphovsrätt
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Digital life : magasinet för en digital livsstil. - Växjö. ; :11
  • Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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8.
  • Falk Erhag, Hanna, et al. (författare)
  • A Multidisciplinary Approach to Capability in Age and Ageing
  • 2022
  • Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This open access book provides insight on how to interpret capability in ageing – one’s individual ability to perform actions in order to reach goals one has reason to value – from a multidisciplinary approach. With for the first time in history there being more people in the world aged 60 years and over than there are children below the age of 5, the book describes this demographic trends as well as the large global challenges and important societal implications this will have such as a worldwide increase in the number of persons affected with dementia, and in the ratio of retired persons to those still in the labor market. Through contributions from many different research areas, it discussed how capability depends on interactions between the individual (e.g. health, genetics, personality, intellectual capacity), environment (e.g. family, friends, home, work place), and society (e.g. political decisions, ageism, historical period). The final chapter by the editors summarizes the differences and similarities in these contributions. As such this book provides an interesting read for students, teachers and researchers at different levels and from different fields interested in capability and multidisciplinary research.
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10.
  • Chapron, Guillaume, et al. (författare)
  • Bolster Legal Boundaries to Stay within Planetary Boundaries
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Nature Ecology & Evolution. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2397-334X. ; 1:3
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The mounting threats posed to the global environment by harmful human activities cannot be averted without effective legislation controlling those activities. However, the environmental laws designed for this purpose are themselves under global attack. Because it is binding and enforceable, legislation is a unique and essential instrument in the overall effort to keep humanity’s impacts on the planet from transgressing critical thresholds. For instance, biodiversity laws do so by designating and protecting natural areas and controlling the exploitation of wildlife populations. Yet, due to short-term economic and other interests, such laws face constant pressures aimed at weakening their regulating impact on human activities. This new study reveals and illustrates the staggering number and diversity of tactics used to weaken biodiversity legislation across the globe. This ‘taxonomy of tactics’ encompasses dozens of categories, ranging from the creative re-definition of terms to the ‘fast-tracking’ of environmentally harmful projects, and from limiting concerned citizens’ access to court, to the silent or even express refusal of appointed authorities to enforce biodiversity laws.Whereas the predicament of the planet’s wild fauna and flora would have been even worse without the legal protection they have received so far, the onslaught against biodiversity laws has prevented these from fully performing their assigned function. The global acceleration of wildlife population declines bears witness to this. To stem the tide, strategic approaches are needed to anticipate and counter attacks on biodiversity legislation; to make the most of existing laws, including in court if need be; and to develop new or improved laws where necessary.
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