| 1. |
- Hydén, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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The Concept of Norms in Sociology of Law
- 2008
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Ingår i: Contributions in Sociology of Law: remarks from a Swedish Horizon. - 1403-7246. ; 53, s. 15-32
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this article is to propose a method for creating a more coherent concept of norms – and to deliver a tentative and open suggestion on how to define norms in a way that might fit into the context of Sociology of Law (further on shortened, SoL). The idea is that the norm concept can be chiselled out through ontological analysis, and that this analysis can be conducted in a way that allow every aspects of the norm concept to be scrutinized separately. The result will in the best case scenario be a kind of ‘open source’ construction where every individual research project can formulate its view of the common concept. The suggested ontological analysis is mainly founded on The Aristotelian concepts of ‘essence’ and ‘accident’. Thus the method is concerned with distinguishing between norm attributes that lie in their (the norms’) nature (collectively they form the definition) and other attributes (that are essential for the categorisation of norms).
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| 2. |
- Hydén, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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The Relation between norms and legal rules
- 2011
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Ingår i: Norms between law and society. Lund Studies in Sociology of Law.. - 1403-7246. - 9172673303 ; , s. 11-21
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Börrefors, Johanna, 1973-
(författare)
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En essä om estetisk efterrättelse
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Meads centrala påstående var att medvetandet uppstår mellan människor. Det individuella subjektet framträder därmed som en effekt. Jag har lyft fram det faktum att Miget - agenten snarare än subjektet - föregår och ingår i den sociala interaktionen. I och med det föregår Miget subjekt/objekt distinktionen vilken blir relevant först när interaktionen är en realitet. Den biologiska organismen, kroppen (i interaktion) föregår alltså medvetandet. Miget som kropp och organism betonas i avhandlingen för att tydliggöra den skillnad som föreligger mellan Mig och Jag. Jaget som bild och reflektion är, som vi har sett, något annat än det faktiska agerandet. Sören Kierkegaards skillnad mellan lidelse (det genuina engagemanget) och reflektion (det beräknande och överlagda) - där lidelsen förutsatte det djupaste deltagande och reflektionen distans - har fungerat som en parallell. Jaget är den envisa försanthållaren av den estetiska efterrättelsen, det lidelsefulla deltagandets absoluta motpol, i en mening tomt. Detta behov av att identifiera sig själv som något kan ses som ett sätt att - med formen som utgångspunkt - sträcka sig efter gemenskap men också som ett sätt att hålla livet - innehållet - på avstånd. Den metaforblinde estetikern uppfattar eller erkänner inte representationen som en representation, att Jaget är det representerade Självet och inte Självet. Estetisk efterrättelse utgår från klyftan - mellan Miget och Jaget - i den meningen att skillnaden mellan objektet och bilden av det (eftersträvansvärda) ignoreras. Att legitimera en gestaltning är alltså inte detsamma som att verifiera ett sakläge. Jean-Paul Sartre nämndes som exempel. Som barn tycks han ha likställt sig fullt ut med en generaliserad andre. Sartre var enbart Jag, spegelbilden av andras tankar om honom. Hur vida det var omgivningen, situationerna eller tingen som fordrade estetisk efterrättelse av Sartre är oklart, klart är att det var svårt för honom att inte tillmötesgå kraven eftersom hans eget värde var underordnat dem. Operativsystemet GNU/Linux har fungerat som parallell: operativsystemet GNU/Linux kontra tecknet GNU/Linux. Jag har lyft fram estetisk efterrättelse som en infallsvinkel på normer. Med socialpsykologins perspektiv har jag ringat in problematiken. Symbolmiljön - med sitt språk- och skådespel - har fungerat som en skärningspunkt mellan individ och samhälle, detta föränderliga fokus med sin individuella motsvarighet i förhållandet mellan Jaget - som en generaliserad andre - och Miget, existensen. En symbolmiljö består av gemensamma nämnare vari samma sociala verklighet råder. Värdeomdömen framstår där som objektiva. Att tillägna sig en symbolmiljö - ett förhållningssätt - är ungefär detsamma som att navigera efter ett slags yttre ”kompass”. Den yttre kompassen anger hur vi bör vara, bete oss, vad vi bör leta efter och hur vi bör betrakta det vi ser. Också ramnormsystemet får sin betydelse härigenom. Antingen överensstämmer andra genom sina ting och gester med ens egen symbolmiljö eller också inte. Människan kan rent av sägas stå - och falla - med de associationer hon ger upphov till hos mottagaren. Estetisk efterrättelse är form framför innehåll, en bild uppbyggd av symboler i den meningen att man inte vill associeras med något som man inte också kan identifiera sig med.
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| 5. |
- Dahlstrand, Karl, et al.
(författare)
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How to compensate the irreplaceable? A socio-legal research project within victimology about the relation between formal and informal norms
- 2011
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Ingår i: Norms between law and society. Lund studies in sociology of law, nr 37.. - 9172673303 ; , s. 63-84
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As an ambition to stress the construction of an external and an internal dimension within law I have chosen to study the non-pecuniary damages to victims of crime. The foundation for these damages came from the deep structure of law about the idea that the right to integrity of the human body and soul are one of the corner- stones in the state governed by law. But when it comes to estimating the amount, such that it gives the violated victim satisfaction and eventuality a preventive role, the application of the law becomes dependent on the knowledge about the external and the social norms that the law operates within. Compared with pecuniary or physical damages there are no formal norms from which we can appreciate that kind of damages we called non-pecuniary. This problem would maybe not become a big deal if the matter was not that the loss here is of a normative art and about “ought” related to human rights and the fact that individuals are carriers of these values. If the legal field stresses the closeness of the legal system that gives to a limited space for the possibility of discretion and reason and that undermines both the legitimacy of the law and the right to integrity. But if the external view and the possibility to interpret and create the content of the general sense of justice becomes to wide within the application of the law that will undermine and stress the professionalism of the legal profession but also central goals like predictable decisions. So the challenge is to find the balance that corresponds to the social norms within society and to generate knowledge about how people react upon the practise when it comes to the amount of damages. Therefore the topic is an example of how empirical facts about the social and political contexts become an important variable within the internal application of the law and how this creates an arena for socio-legal research and in a wider sense a debate about the role of legal decisions within a landscape of existential words like violations, satisfaction or human dignity. My method is both quantitative and qualitative and the aim is to provide both empirical knowledge about the general sense of the compensation to victims of crimes and an understanding of the impression in everyday life especially for victims of crimes through focusgroups.
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| 6. |
- Steinberg, Maria
(författare)
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Skyddsombud i allas intresse : en rättsvetenskaplig studie
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study is about Swedish “safety delegates” (skyddsombud). The main function of a safety delegate (SD) is to represent employees in matters of work environment (health and safety including psychosocial aspects). The legislation concerning SDs is mainly found in the Swedish Work Environment Act (WEA) and in collective agreements.This study focuses on the Swedish work environment legislation. It has a special focus on the SD’s power to influence the work environment. The SD as a legal institution was founded in 1912 and can be considered to be the first representative of local democracy in the work place. There are approximately 110 000 SDs in Sweden today.An SD is almost always appointed by a local trade union. At first glance one can get the impression that an SD is just like any other trade union official, but the SD’s role is more complex. One question posed in this study is why is the role of the SDs so complex? In order to answer that question I have used traditional legal method complemented by a historical study. Another question posed in this study is, if the SDs can influence the work environment. In order to answer this question two empirical studies have been carried out. One study covers 200 cases when the SDs used their power to suspend work and another study covers 200 cases when the SDs used their power to request a decision from the Supervising Authority. Altogether 6 000 different factors have been analysed. The cases used in the study had been registered at the Supervision Authority (then called the Labour inspectorate, now called the Work Environment Authority).This study finds that the function of an SD is not only to represent the trade union, but also individual employees. Another function is to help the State to promote good work environment and to lessen public health costs. An SD can at the same time be regarded as a helper to the employee in order to promote good work environment. An SD also has a special function of receiving and sharing information on matters relating to the work environment. My findings from the empirical studies were that that SDs could influence their employer and/or the Supervising Authority in 96 % of cases by using suspension of work and in 92 % of the cases when using requests for a decision from the Supervising Authority. When comparing the SD’s power to request a decision and their power to suspend work, I found that the power to request was more effective in terms of influence. The SDs used their power many times for preventing matters relating to psychosocial problems such as violence, dissatisfaction with their boss or too great a work load with too little staff. Most of the suspensions of work and requests to the Supervision Authority were used by head or regional SDs. These powers were rarely used by women as women are less often appointed as head or regional SDs.The position of an SD is strong from a legal point of view with respect to preventing work accidents and injuries. SDs are in the interests of everyone, from employees to employers and the State.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Singh, Nandita, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Accessing water through a rights-based approach : problems and prospects regarding children
- 2012
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Ingår i: Water Policy. - : IWA Publishing. - 1366-7017 .- 1996-9759. ; 14:2, s. 298-318
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The right to water has been recently recognized as a fundamental human right by the United Nations, thereby clarifying its status as 'legally binding', making it 'justiciable' and enforceable. This development has been heralded as a key that holds great potential to change the lives of the billions who still lack access to clean water. Many of those deprived of enjoyment of the right are children, who constitute up to a third of the population in the developing world. What is the value added of the rights-based approach for access to water, especially for children? Would recognition of the right to water as legally binding deliver real benefits to children in improving their access to water? Does it really offer anything new that can help them realize their right to water more effectively? These questions will be explored in this paper using empirical evidence from India, where water has been legally interpreted as a fundamental right, and as a welfare state, where there has been consistent effort on part of the state to improve children's access to water.
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| 9. |
- Singh, Nandita, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Children’s right to water as a contested domain : Gendered reflections from India
- 2008
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Ingår i: Development. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1011-6370 .- 1461-7072. ; 51:1, s. 102-107
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nandita Singh and her colleagues look at children's right to water in India. They argue for the exercise of the right by children by analyzing the universal normative-legal framework and its difference to the local socio-culturally defined framework. They suggest that defining problems and designing actions only within the normative-legal framework can obscure understanding the critical realities at the right-holders' end. They suggest that interventions at various levels, such as through policy and targeted programmes, have at best provided an ‘enabling environment’, but the process of implementation of children's rights at the right-holders' end is to date an incomplete socio-cultural process.
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| 10. |
- SINGH, Nandita, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Gender and water from a human rights perspective : The role of context in translating international norms into local action
- 2008
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Ingår i: Rural Society. - : e-Content Management. - 1037-1656 .- 2204-0536. ; 18:3, s. 185-193
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An important area in the discourse on gender and water is water supply where women are seen as the key actors and beneficiaries. A human rights approach to development has been adopted with access to safe water explicitly recognized as a basic human right. This right places a legal obligation upon governments to translate the international norms into practice.But does explicitly acknowledging the human right to water make a practical difference in women's lives? Using an actor-oriented perspective, this paper analyzes how the international legal norms for realization of the right get reconstructed in local communities where women are the right holders. The empirical data for the analysis will be drawn from a first-hand qualitative study in rural India.The findings of the study show how the socio-cultural matrix provides the environment for implementing the right and determines its equitable and effective exercise by women.
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