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- Falk Erhag, Hanna, et al.
(author)
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A Multidisciplinary Approach to Capability in Age and Ageing
- 2022
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Book (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This open access book provides insight on how to interpret capability in ageing – one’s individual ability to perform actions in order to reach goals one has reason to value – from a multidisciplinary approach. With for the first time in history there being more people in the world aged 60 years and over than there are children below the age of 5, the book describes this demographic trends as well as the large global challenges and important societal implications this will have such as a worldwide increase in the number of persons affected with dementia, and in the ratio of retired persons to those still in the labor market. Through contributions from many different research areas, it discussed how capability depends on interactions between the individual (e.g. health, genetics, personality, intellectual capacity), environment (e.g. family, friends, home, work place), and society (e.g. political decisions, ageism, historical period). The final chapter by the editors summarizes the differences and similarities in these contributions. As such this book provides an interesting read for students, teachers and researchers at different levels and from different fields interested in capability and multidisciplinary research.
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| 3. |
- Almered Olsson, Gunilla, 1951, et al.
(author)
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Food systems sustainability: For whom and by whom? – An examination of different 'food system change' viewpoints
- 2018
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In: Development Research Conference 2018: “Rethinking development”, 22–23 August 2018, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The United Nations identifies the food crisis as one of the primary overarching challenges facing the international community. Different stakeholders in the food system have widely different perspectives and interests, and challenging structural issues, such as the power differentials among them, remain largely unexamined. These challenges make rational discourse among food system actors from different disciplines, sectors and levels difficult. These challenges can often prevent them from working together effectively to find innovative ways to respond to food security challenges. This means that finding solutions to intractable and stuck issues, such as the food crisis often stall, not at implementation, but at the point of problem identification. Food system sustainability means very different things to different food system actors. These differences in no way undermine or discount the work carried out by these players. However, making these differences explicit is an essential activity that would serve to deepen theoretical and normative project outcomes. Would the impact and reach of different food projects differ if these differences were made explicit? The purpose of this initial part of a wider food system research project is not to search for difference or divergence, with the aim of critique, but rather to argue that by making these differences explicit, the overall food system project engagement will be made more robust, more inclusive and more encompassing. This paper starts with some discussion on the different food system perspectives, across scales, regions and sectors but focuses primarily on the design of processes used to understand these divergent and at times contradictory views of what a sustainable food system may be. This paper draws on ongoing work within the Mistra Urban Futures project, using the food system projects in cities as diverse as Cape Town, Manchester, Gothenburg and Kisumu as sites for this enquiry.
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| 5. |
- Persson, Annina H., 1963-, et al.
(author)
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Household Credit, Indebtedness and Insolvency
- 2013
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In: European Review of Private Law. - Bedfordshire : Wolters Kluwer. - 0928-9801 .- 1875-8371. ; 21:3, s. 795-814
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The problem of excessive debt among households in Sweden is increasing. As a result of the development within the financial sector, households in Sweden have increased their debt incurrence markedly. It has been relatively easy to borrow money, due to the deregulation of the credit market in Sweden in the 1990s and the low interest rates in recent years. As mortgage loan is the bulk of the total household debt, the risk that individuals will be affected by excessive debt incurrence and insolvency has therefore increased. Therefore, a number of new legislative changes have been implemented to overcome this problem. In order to prevent these risks, the Financial Authority has adopted a rule that stipulates that new loans should not exceed 85% of the property market value. Reports from both the Swedish Enforcement Authority and the Swedish Financial Supervisory Authority show that 20% of Swedish households have a difficult time making ends meet. Those who are affected by excessive debt often experience a lower standard of living since frequently they are impacted by distraint.The aim of this paper is to describe and analyze the excessive debt situation in terms of insolvency and effects on households and society. Firstly, we intend to investigate foreclosures in Sweden, both regionally and over time. Why are certain regions less frequently affected by these risks while other regions show higher levels of risk even during generally good years? Secondly, we will investigate whether (a) whether properties that have undergone executive auction are sold at a lesser value, (b) if these properties have an impact on the property prices in the vicinity and (c) if those who buy these properties themselves run a greater risk of insolvency. Thirdly, a closely related area of legal interest is investigating to what extent legislation provides a protective net for the debtor who, through the executive auction, thereby loses his/her residence.
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| 6. |
- Munthe, Christian, 1962
(author)
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The Price of Precaution and the Ethics of Risk
- 2011
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Book (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Since a couple of decades, the notion of a precautionary principle plays a central and increasingly influential role in international as well as national policy and regulation regarding the environment and the use of technology. Urging society to take action in the face of potential risks of human activities in these areas, the recent focus on climate change has further sharpened the importance of this idea. However, the idea of a precautionary principle has also been problematised and criticised by scientists, scholars and policy activists, and been accused of almost every intellectual sin imaginable: unclarity, impracticality, arbitrariness and moral as well as political unsoundness. In that light, the very idea of precaution as an ideal for policy making rather comes out as a dead end. On the basis of these contrasting starting points, Christian Munthe undertakes an innovative, in-depth philosophical analysis of what the idea of a precautionary principle is and should be about. A novel theory of the ethics of imposing risks is developed and used as a foundation for defending the idea of precaution in environmental and technological policy making against its critics, while at the same time avoiding a number of identified flaws. The theory is shown to have far-reaching consequences for areas such as bio-, information- and nuclear technology, and global environmental policy in areas such as climate change. The author argues that, while the price we pay for precaution must not be too high, we have to be prepared to pay it in order to act ethically defensible. A number of practical suggestions for precautionary regulation and policy making are made on the basis of this, and some challenges to basic ethical theory as well as consumerist societies, the global political order and liberal democracy are identified
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| 8. |
- Cutas, Daniela, 1978, et al.
(author)
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Legal imperialism in the regulation of stem cell research and therapy: the problem of extraterritorial jurisdiction
- 2010
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In: Capps BJ & Campbell AV (eds.). CONTESTED CELLS: Global Perspectives on the Stem Cell Debate. - London : Imperial College Press. - 9781848164376 ; , s. 95-119
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Countries worldwide have very different national regulations on human embryonic stem (ES) cell research, informed by a range of ethical values. Some countries find reason to extend the applicability of their regulations on such research to its citizens when they visit other countries. Extraterritorial jurisdiction has recently been identified as a potential challenge towards global regulation of ES cell research. This chapter explores the implications and impact of extraterritorial jurisdiction and global regulation of ES cell research on researchers, clinicians and national health systems, and how this may affect patients. The authors argue that it would make ethical sense for ES cell restrictive countries to extend its regulations on ES cell research beyond its borders, because, if these countries really consider embryo destruction to be objectionable on the basis on the status of the embryo, then they ought to count it morally on par with murder (and thus have a moral imperative to protect embryos from the actions of its own citizens). However, doing so could lead to a legal situation that would result in substantial harm to central values in areas besides research, such as health care, the job market, basic freedom of movement, and strategic international finance and politics. Thus, it seems that restrictive extraterritorial jurisdiction in respect to ES cell research would be deeply problematic, given that the ethical permissibility of ES cell research is characterised by deep and wide disagreement.
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