| 1. |
- Havenhand, Jonathan N., 1959, et al.
(författare)
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Ecological and functional consequences of coastal ocean acidification : Perspectives from the Baltic-Skagerrak System
- 2019
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Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 48:8, s. 831-854
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ocean temperatures are rising; species are shifting poleward, and pH is falling (ocean acidification, OA). We summarise current understanding of OA in the brackish Baltic-Skagerrak System, focussing on the direct, indirect and interactive effects of OA with other anthropogenic drivers on marine biogeochemistry, organisms and ecosystems. Substantial recent advances reveal a pattern of stronger responses (positive or negative) of species than ecosystems, more positive responses at lower trophic levels and strong indirect interactions in food-webs. Common emergent themes were as follows: OA drives planktonic systems toward the microbial loop, reducing energy transfer to zooplankton and fish; and nutrient/food availability ameliorates negative impacts of OA. We identify several key areas for further research, notably the need for OA-relevant biogeochemical and ecosystem models, and understanding the ecological and evolutionary capacity of Baltic-Skagerrak ecosystems to respond to OA and other anthropogenic drivers.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Klapwijk, Maartje, et al.
(författare)
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Reducing the risk of invasive forest pests and pathogens : Combining legislation, targeted management and public awareness
- 2016
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Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 45, s. S223-S234
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intensifying global trade will result in increased numbers of plant pest and pathogen species inadvertently being transported along with cargo. This paper examines current mechanisms for prevention and management of potential introductions of forest insect pests and pathogens in the European Union (EU). Current European legislation has not been found sufficient in preventing invasion, establishment and spread of pest and pathogen species within the EU. Costs associated with future invasions are difficult to estimate but past invasions have led to negative economic impacts in the invaded country. The challenge is combining free trade and free movement of products (within the EU) with protection against invasive pests and pathogens. Public awareness may mobilise the public for prevention and detection of potential invasions and, simultaneously, increase support for eradication and control measures. We recommend focus on commodities in addition to pathways, an approach within the EU using a centralised response unit and, critically, to engage the general public in the battle against establishment and spread of these harmful pests and pathogens.
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| 5. |
- Raitio, Kaisa, et al.
(författare)
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Mineral extraction in Swedish Sápmi : The regulatory gap between Sami rights and Sweden’s mining permitting practices
- 2020
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Ingår i: Land use policy. - : Elsevier. - 0264-8377 .- 1873-5754. ; 99
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Sweden, extractive industries are placing increasing pressure on the traditional indigenous Sami livelihood of reindeer herding. Consequently, the intersection of indigenous rights and mining-related development in Sweden has become an increasingly contested socio-legal space. In this article, we analyse the extent to which there are meaningful opportunities for Sami reindeer herding communities in Sweden to effectively influence the permit procedures concerning proposed mines, in order to protect their rights and interests. We provide a comprehensive socio-legal analysis that highlights the weak level of recognition of Sami rights and related impact assessments within the mining permitting system in Sweden. We demonstrate the weakness is caused by several factors: an a priori assumption by Swedish authorities that reindeer herding and mining can generally co-exist; the lack of a codified Swedish State duty to consult the Sami; the narrow scope and the weak status of cumulative impact assessments in Swedish EIA legislation and practice; and the weak recognition of Sami reindeer herding as a “property right” during the permit review process under the balancing of competing land-uses. Our results highlight the urgent need for legislative reform in Sweden, if the State is to fulfil its international obligations and improve its legal consistency concerning the rights of the Sami as an indigenous people.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Michanek, Gabriel, et al.
(författare)
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Rättsliga förutsättningar för intensivodling av skog : faktaunderlag till MINT-utredningen
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Rapporten behandlar rättsliga förutsättningar för intensivodling av skog: ett skogsbruk med produktionshöjande åtgärder som kan överskrida de begränsningar som återfinns i den nu gällande skogsvårdslagen och dess tillämpningsföreskrifter eller annan relevant lagstiftning.Rapportens första del visar den rättsliga kontexten i samband med intensivodling av skog, internationellt, inom EU och i Sverige. Andra delen behandlar författningsändringar. Det är idag rättsligt oklart om vissa intensivodlingar ska ses som jordbruk eller skogsbruk. I rapporten lämnas alternativa förslag till precisering. Intensivodling kan underlättas genom vissa ändringar i skogsvårdslagstiftningen: att i högre grad tillåta odling med vissa utländska trädslag, att den nu gällande arealrestriktionen upphävs för användning av vegetativt förökat skogsodlingsmaterial och att tillåta mer kvävegödsling än idag. Förutsättningar i samtliga fall är att (i) åtgärden sker på skogsmarker som visats sakna beaktansvärd betydelse med hänsyn till motstående intressen, (ii) åtgärden tillståndsprövas av Skogsstyrelsen och då ses som ändrad markanvändning, samt (iii) Skogsstyrelsen har sådant beslutsunderlag att den kan bedöma markens värde.Om det inte anses meningsfullt med naturvårdshänsyn vid intensivodling kan nu gällande krav enligt 30 § skogsvårdslagen undantas för de aktuella åtgärderna (utom i kantzoner). Lindringen kan kombineras med kompensationskrav på skogsbrukaren, mer konkret genom ett fondsystem med hänsynsavgift.
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| 8. |
- Ek, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Challenges in Swedish hydropower : politics, economics and rights
- 2017
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Ingår i: Research Ideas and Outcomes. - : Pensoft Publishers. - 2367-7163. ; 3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two systems working in parallel have contributed to implementation difficulties in Swedish water governance. While the old system is designed to be predictable and stable over time, the new system is intended to be transparent and holistic, guided by the principles of Integrated Water Resource Management. The paper disentangles the challenges in Swedish water governance and proposes a blueprint for future research. The proposed research project is unique in the sense that it explores the imbalances between the new and the old water governance systems from a multi-disciplinary perspective, elaborating upon the clashes between the traditional, nationally based regulatory system and the new holistic water governance system from legal, political and economic perspectives.
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| 10. |
- Bröchner, Jan, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Quality and legal aspects in public care procurement
- 2016
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Ingår i: TQM Journal. - 1754-2731 .- 1754-274X. ; 28:4, s. 648-663
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assess the applicability of care quality concepts as contractaward criteria for public procurement of health and social care, using the case of Sweden.Design/methodology/approach – Based on a literature review, European and Swedish legal texts,government regulations as well as 26 Swedish court review cases concerning care procurement havebeen analysed.Findings – Methods used for assessing care quality are seldom useful for predicting the quality to bedelivered by a potential contractor. Legal principles of transparency and equal treatment of tenderersmake it necessary to apply strict requirements for verification.Research limitations/implications – Results refer primarily to a Swedish context but could beapplicable throughout the EU. Further studies of relations between award criteria and public/privatecollaborative practices for improving care quality during contractual periods are desirable.Practical implications – Local and regional procurement officials should benefit from a betterunderstanding of how quality criteria should be designed and applied to the award procedures for carecontracts. Care providers in the private sector would also be able to develop their quality strategies andpresent their abilities more efficiently when tendering for public contracts.Social implications – Issues of quality of health and social care are of obvious importance for socialsustainability. Public awareness of care quality problems is evident and often a cause of media concern.Originality/value – This investigation pinpoints the difference between traditional care qualitythinking and the legal principles underlying contract award in public procurement of care services.
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