| 1. |
- Havenhand, Jonathan N., 1959, et al.
(författare)
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Ecological and functional consequences of coastal ocean acidification : Perspectives from the Baltic-Skagerrak System
- 2019
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Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 48:8, s. 831-854
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ocean temperatures are rising; species are shifting poleward, and pH is falling (ocean acidification, OA). We summarise current understanding of OA in the brackish Baltic-Skagerrak System, focussing on the direct, indirect and interactive effects of OA with other anthropogenic drivers on marine biogeochemistry, organisms and ecosystems. Substantial recent advances reveal a pattern of stronger responses (positive or negative) of species than ecosystems, more positive responses at lower trophic levels and strong indirect interactions in food-webs. Common emergent themes were as follows: OA drives planktonic systems toward the microbial loop, reducing energy transfer to zooplankton and fish; and nutrient/food availability ameliorates negative impacts of OA. We identify several key areas for further research, notably the need for OA-relevant biogeochemical and ecosystem models, and understanding the ecological and evolutionary capacity of Baltic-Skagerrak ecosystems to respond to OA and other anthropogenic drivers.
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| 2. |
- Öberg, Jacob, 1982-
(författare)
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The Rise of the Procedural Paradigm : Judicial Review of EU Legislation in Vertical Competence Disputes
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Constitutional Law Review. - Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. - 1574-0196 .- 1744-5515. ; 13:2, s. 248-280
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- EU Law-Vertical competence review of EU secondary law-Court of Justice control of the exercise of EU legislative powers-Strict procedural review of EU legislation-Standard of judicial review and intensity of judicial review-Judicial review as a safeguard of federalism-Constitutional review of EU legislation-Proportionality, subsidiarity and principle of conferral-Balance between the EU legislator's prerogatives and the need to ensure that EU legislation conforms to the precepts of EU law-Distribution of competences between Member States and the EU.
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| 3. |
- Klingström, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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Legal & ethical compliance when sharing biospecimen
- 2018
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Ingår i: Briefings in Functional Genomics & Proteomics. - Oxford : Oxford University Press. - 2041-2649 .- 2041-2657. ; 17:1, s. 1-7
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- When obtaining samples from biobanks, resolving ethical and legal concerns is a time-consuming task where researchers need to balance the needs of privacy, trust and scientific progress. The Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure-large Prospective Cohorts project has resolved numerous such issues through intense ommunication between involved researchers and experts in its mission to unite large rospective study sets in Europe. To facilitate efficient communication, it is useful for onexperts to have an at least basic understanding of the regulatory systemformanaging biological samples. Laws regulating research oversight are based on national law and normally share core principles founded on international charters. In interview studies among donors, chief concerns are privacy, efficient sample utilization and access to information generated fromtheir samples. Despite a lack of clear evidence regarding which concern takes precedence, scientific as well as public discourse has largely focused on privacy concerns and the right of donors to control the usage of their samples. It is therefore important to roactively deal with ethical and legal issues to avoid complications that delay or prevent samples from being accessed. To help biobank professionals avoid making unnecessary mistakes, we have developed this basic primer covering the relationship between ethics and law, the concept of informed consent and considerations for returning findings to donors.
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| 4. |
- Bröchner, Jan, 1948
(författare)
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Coordination in slowly emerging service ecosystems: Construction history
- 2016
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Ingår i: Revue Europeenne d' Economie et Management des Services. - 2497-0107. ; 2:2, s. 17-41
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose here is to map long-term structural changes in construction ecosystems and to trace the historical forces leading to these changes. Input/output statistics reveal a growing importance of professional services for the construction industry. Ecosystem change appears as originating primarily with government customers, who are more able to effect institutional change. Over time, customers have retreated from coordinating multiple providers of increasingly specialized services.
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| 5. |
- Schömer, Eva
(författare)
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Personlig assistans - en arbetsrättslig limbo
- 2017
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Ingår i: Arbetsmarknad & Arbetsliv. - 1400-9692. ; 23:3, s. 24-24
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Artikeln belyser hur personliga assistenter upplever sin arbetsmiljö och vilka möjligheter de anser sig ha, att påverka sina arbetsförhållanden utifrån ett rättssociologiskt perspektiv. Författaren länkar personliga assistenters arbetslivserfarenheter med några av de juridiska förutsättningarna, som gäller vid arbete i annans hem. Syftet är att utveckla förståelsen för vadsom händer vid dessa möten, då människor och juridik korsar varandra på ett arbetsrättsligt område, som i det närmsta verkar befinna sig i ett slags arbetsrättsligt ingenmansland. I artikeln diskuteras bland annat hur brukares och assistenters intressen kan tillgodoses, utan att den enas rättigheter inte kränker den andres?
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| 6. |
- Borg, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Is 'legal empowerment of the poor' relevant to people with disabilities in developing countries? An empirical and normative review.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Global Health Action. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1654-9880 .- 1654-9716. ; 6:22854, s. 1-15
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background : Legal empowerment of the poor is highly relevant to public health as it aims to relieve income poverty, a main determinant of health. The Commission on Legal Empowerment of the Poor (CLEP) has proposed legal empowerment measures in the following four domains: access to justice and the rule of law, property, labor, and business rights. Despite being overrepresented among the poor, CLEP has not explicitly considered the situation of people with disabilities. Objectives : To examine the empirical evidence for the relevance of the CLEP legal empowerment measures to people with disabilities in low- and lower middle-income countries, and to evaluate the extent to which the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) addresses those measures. Methods : Critical literature review of empirical studies and a checklist assessment of the CRPD. Results : Fourteen included articles confirm that people with disabilities experience problems in the domains of access to justice and the rule of law, labor rights, and business rights. No texts on property rights were found. Evidence for the effectiveness of the proposed measures is insufficient. Overall, the CRPD fully or partially supports two-thirds of the proposed measures (seven out of nine measures for access to justice and the rule of law, none of the five measures for property rights, all seven measures for labor rights, and six out of nine measures for business rights). Conclusions : Although most of the domains of the CLEP legal empowerment measures are relevant to people with disabilities from both empirical and normative perspectives, it is uncertain whether the devised measures are of immediate relevance to them. Further research is warranted in this regard.
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| 7. |
- Eriksson, Mattias
(författare)
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Is there a need for greater integration and shift in policy to tackle food waste? Insights from a review of European Union legislations
- 2020
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Ingår i: SN Applied Sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2523-3971 .- 2523-3963. ; 2
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Within the European Union, there is an increasing recognition about the negative environmental impacts of food waste making it a prominent policy issue. But there is no clarity whether policies aimed at food waste minimisation are based on sound legislative frameworks that actually empower the relevant actors. By carefully reviewing existing European Union legislations that are linked directly or indirectly to food waste, we identify the difficulties encountered by stakeholders and assess whether adaptations to the rules-in-use are beneficial and desirable. Our general finding is that liability for donated foodstuffs, date marking provisions, the flexibility principle provided by the European Union Hygiene Package and fiscal rules are the main policy elements affecting, either positively or negatively, food waste generation and management. Food donation for charitable purposes emerges as the predominant Pan-European Union waste management solution. While removing existing barriers for food donors and banks is fundamental—as it makes redistribution more effective—this does not tackle prevention of excess food generation. We conclude that while there are several European Union food legislations which include and impact food waste management options, they are hardly direct. Moreover, they often generate incentives that are at odds across stakeholders, thereby dampening the intended impact. There is, therefore, need for an integrated policy framework to tackle food waste specifically. For that to happen though, a pre-requisite is lot more empirical research on the interaction effects of various food waste legislations.
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| 8. |
- Emsing, Mikael, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Police Conflict Management : A Scoping Review
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology. - : Springer Nature. - 0882-0783 .- 1936-6469.
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Police officers frequently interact with the public, and many of these interactions involve some form of conflict. As professionals, and representatives of the state, police officers are expected to handle these conflicts in a professional and just manner to maintain positive relationships with the public. Therefore, solid conflict management skills are necessary for any officer in a democratic society. The present scoping review examines the current state of research on police involved conflicts and conflict management in a police context. Results indicate that a majority of the studies have been conducted in the USA and that many of these studies focus on use of force rather than effective conflict management strategies and methods. The study further indicates a number of methodological difficulties in researching this important area of policing, including difficulties in obtaining data as well as a lack of unified definitions of concepts and methods.
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| 9. |
- Dingu-Kyrklund, Elena
(författare)
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Citizenship, Migration, and Social Integration in Sweden: A Model for Europe?
- 2007
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Ingår i: CERIS Working Paper No.52, January 2007, Toronto, Canada.. ; :52, s. 73-
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Forskningsöversikt (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Transnational migration has been a constant element of human existence. Admission andintegration of migrants has, in time, become an increasingly important element of decision-makingpolicies in many nations. Classifications of voluntary and involuntary migrants according to theirreasons for migrating and the socio-economic and political reasons for the acceptance of suchindividuals by the receiving countries have been the object of numerous national and internationalpieces of legislation. This has served to underscore the importance of belonging for all partiesinvolved: both migrants (more or less welcome in their adoptive countries) and states alike. In aformal sense, the ultimate signal of unlimited acceptance remains the granting of citizenship byhis/her new country to the “adoptee-resident.” Only citizens normally enjoy an unconditional rightto live and reside without restrictions in a given country. Traditionally, this ultimate form ofacceptance was (mutually) exclusive, which, for a long time, made it practically impossible for aperson to be a citizen of more than one state. Gradual globalization and an unprecedenteddevelopment of the very concept of citizenship, from a horizontal, national perspective to anemerging vertical, supra-national level (consider, for example, the concept of EU-citizenship andthe special case of the Nordic states), required, at some point, a redefinition and re-evaluation of theconcept of citizenship, in both formal legal and more informal terms. This paper examines thisredefinition and re-evaluation within the context of Sweden.
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| 10. |
- Chandler, Jennifer A., et al.
(författare)
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International Legal Approaches to Neurosurgery for Psychiatric Disorders
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1662-5161. ; 14
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neurosurgery for psychiatric disorders (NPD), also sometimes referred to as psychosurgery, is rapidly evolving, with new techniques and indications being investigated actively. Many within the field have suggested that some form of guidelines or regulations are needed to help ensure that a promising field develops safely. Multiple countries have enacted specific laws regulating NPD. This article reviews NPD-specific laws drawn from North and South America, Asia and Europe, in order to identify the typical form and contents of these laws and to set the groundwork for the design of an optimal regulation for the field. Key challenges for this design that are revealed by the review are how to define the scope of the law (what should be regulated), what types of regulations are required (eligibility criteria, approval procedures, data collection, and oversight mechanisms), and how to approach international harmonization given the potential migration of researchers and patients.
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