| 1. |
- Moore, Jason W., 1971-
(författare)
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'Amsterdam is Standing on Norway', Part I : The Alchemy of Capital, Empire and Nature in the Diaspora of Silver, 1545–1648
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Agrarian Change. - 1471-0358 .- 1471-0366. ; 10:1, s. 33-68
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the first of two essays in this Journal, I seek to unify the historicalgeography of early modern ‘European expansion’ (Iberia and Latin America)with the environmental history of the ‘transition to capitalism’ (northwestern Europe). The expansion of Europe’s overseas empires and the transitions to capitalism within Europe were differentiated moments within the geographicalexpansion of commodity production and exchange – what I call the commodityfrontier. This essay is developed in two movements. Beginning with a conceptual and methodological recasting of the historical geography of the rise of capitalism,I offer an analytical narrative that follows the early modern diaspora of silver.This account follows the political ecology of silver production and trade from the Andes to Spain in Braudel’s ‘second’ sixteenth century (c. 1545–1648). In highlighting the Ibero-American moment of this process in the present essay, Icontend that the spectacular reorganization of Andean space and the progressive dilapidation of Spain’s real economy not only signified the rise and demise of a trans-Atlantic, Iberian ecological regime, but also generated the historicallynecessary conditions for the unprecedented concentration of accumulation andcommodity production in the capitalist North Atlantic in the centuries thatfollowed.
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| 2. |
- Ögren, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Currency Unions
- 2019
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Ingår i: Handbook of the History of Money and Currency. - Singapore : Springer. - 9789811006227
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A currency union is when several independent sovereign nations share a common currency. This has been a recurring phenomenon in monetary history. In this article I study the theoretical foundations of such unions, and discuss some important currency unions in history, most notably the case of the US. Finally I contrast the design of the EMU with economic theories and historical experiences of currency unions
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| 3. |
- Kehoe, Laura, et al.
(författare)
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Make EU trade with Brazil sustainable
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 364:6438, s. 341-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 4. |
- Abu Hatab, Assem, et al.
(författare)
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COVID-19 risk perception and food security in the MENA region: evidence from a multi-wave household survey
- 2024
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Ingår i: Food Security. - : Springer Nature. - 1876-4517 .- 1876-4525. ; 16, s. 989-1008
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The COVID-19 pandemic had disruptive consequences for MENA countries’ agri-food value chains that exacerbated poverty and jeopardized food security. This study examines the relationship between individuals’ perception of contracting COVID-19 and their experience of food insecurity, using longitudinal data from the Combined COVID-19 MENA Monitor Household survey. It also investigates the underlying mechanisms of COVID-19 concerns and explores coping strategies employed by households to identify vulnerabilities in food security. The results provide compelling evidence of a strong association between individuals’ concern about the virus and various dimensions of food security, particularly reduced purchasing power and decreased meal frequency. Notably, this association follows an inverted U-shaped curve, with food insecurity initially increasing as worry grows, but declining after individuals contract the virus. High levels of concern were also linked to significant income decreases and worsening economic conditions. Moreover, individuals with higher concerns were more likely to rely on specific coping strategies, particularly spending savings and obtaining funds from relatives or friends. These findings underscore the need for government interventions during disease outbreaks and economic downturns to focus on alleviating individuals’ worry and fear to facilitate informed decision-making that minimizes food insecurity consequences. Additionally, the findings emphasize the need to strengthen social protection systems during public health and economic challenges to ensure food security for vulnerable populations.
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Svante, et al.
(författare)
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Born Globals' foreign market channel strategies
- 2006
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Ingår i: International Journal of Globalisation and Small Business. - Olney : InderScience Publishers. - 1479-3059 .- 1479-3067. ; 1:4, s. 356-373
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Foreign entry mode choices are decisions of paramount importance for the long-term survival and growth of companies that are in a process of rapid international expansion. In this paper we seek to understand the foreign market channel strategies of Born Globals. We examine whether these companies develop a similar strategy regarding foreign entry mode choices and whether their market channel strategies differ from contemporary theories treating this problem. A comparative case study conducted on four companies meeting the criteria of Born Globals suggests that they do not show a common foreign entry mode. Instead, the companies seem to have very different market channel strategies even if they all have internationalised very rapidly. These findings are discussed against the current range of theoretical models that seek to explain the companies' foreign entry mode choice. We conclude the paper with some implications and suggestions for future research.
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| 6. |
- Zaher, Fadi
(författare)
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Evaluating Asset-Pricing Models in International Financial Markets
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis consists of three empirical studies on asset-prices in international financial markets. The purpose is three-fold. First, to evaluate whether good predictions of economic variables may be obtained by pooling information from a broad group of financial variables. Second, to formulate asset-pricing models from seven established stock markets. Third, to evaluate the asset-pricing models in the presence of short-sales.Chapter 2 applies a large data set, consisting of 167 monthly time series for the UK, both economic and financial, to simulate out-of-sample predictions of industrial production, inflation, three-month Treasury-Bills and other variables. Fifteen dynamic factor models that allow forecasting based on large panels of time series are considered. The performances of these factor models are then compared to the following competing models: a simple univariate autoregressive, a vector autoregressive, a leading indicator, and a non-expectational Phillips curve models. The results show that the dynamic factor models outperform the competing models in forecasting at 6-, 12-, and 24-month horizons. Two main findings are highlighted. First, the financial markets have a predictive power in terms of economic activity. Second, for some variables, the dynamic factor model appears to be more reliable than other competing models.In an attempt to analyze the equity premium puzzle and the risk-free rate puzzle, Chapter 3 compares different asset-pricing models within an international framework. To do so, it evaluates the performance of the following models: time separable-constant relative risk aversion, internal habit, external habit with externality, external habits which yield a constant risk-free rate, adaptive learning with constant gain, and state non-separability. The data are from seven industrialized countries, namely the United States, Canada, Japan, the United Kingdom, France, Denmark, and Sweden. Regarding empirical evidence, this thesis uses the Hansen-Jagannathan approaches to impose volatility restrictions on the asset-pricing models. The time-separable, adaptive learning and external habit models fail, and the evidence favors the internal habit persistence model. However, success is limited to some countries and to the equity premium puzzle rather than the risk-free rate puzzle. Finally, the state-non-separable specification consistently resolves the equity premium puzzle for all the countries.Chapter 4 analyzes the effect of market frictions on the equity premium puzzle. Indeed, in the standard asset-pricing model with time-separable preferences, the volatility of the intertemporal marginal rate of substitution is too low for plausible values of risk aversion to be consistent with consumption and asset return data. Following this, the Hansen-Jagannathan method is applied to evaluate the equity premium puzzle for the UK in two directions. First, the time-separable model, the internal and the external habit formation models and the state non-separable model are examined under the assumptions of both frictionless markets and market frictions. Second, a bootstrap experiment is conducted to show that these asset-pricing models violate the Hansen-Jagannathan bound in almost all the samples. Indeed, because of the changes in the sample means in consumption growth and asset returns, all the models appear to be weak under frictionless markets. By contrast, asset-pricing models with market frictions are much more successful in the bootstrap experiment.
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| 7. |
- Klinthäll, Martin, 1967-
(författare)
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Retirement Return Migration from Sweden
- 2006
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Ingår i: International migration (Geneva. Print). - Oxford : Blackwell Publishing. - 0020-7985 .- 1468-2435. ; 44:2, s. 153-180
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study deals with return migration among immigrants in Sweden who are between 51 and 80 years old. An important question regards the impact of retirement on return migration. Some circumstances connected to the withdrawal from the labour market suggest an increased propensity to return, such as the transition from a wage income to a pension, which weakens the link between place of residence and income. In addition, patterns of return migration at the end of working life may indicate whether or not temporary migration is a planned strategy. It is found that when reaching the age of 65, the legal retirement age in Sweden, the probability of return migration increases, in particular for men. The effect of retirement is immediate; the probability of return migration declines again beyond the age of 65, indicating a conscious plan to return to the home country when the labour market career is over. Furthermore, immigrants who receive early retirement compensation have a considerably higher probability of return migration compared to those who are not retired. These clear “retirement effects” show that return migration can be an important ingredient in the welfare optimization strategies of migrants. When it comes to income selectivity, the analysis shows that there is a positive selection, something that is expected when migrants are target savers with a temporary migration strategy.
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| 8. |
- Alm, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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Capacity in municipalities : Infrastructures, maintenance debts and ways of overcoming a run-to-failure mentality
- 2021
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Ingår i: Local Economy. - : SAGE Publications. - 0269-0942 .- 1470-9325. ; 36:2, s. 81-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a growing maintenance debt of ageing and critical infrastructures in many municipalities in European welfare states. In this article, we use the multidimensional concept of local capacity as a point of departure to analyse how and in what ways Swedish municipalities work with the routine maintenance of infrastructures, including municipal road networks as well as water and sewage systems. For the road networks, maintenance is generally outsourced to contractors and there is also a large degree of tolerance for various standards on different road segments within and between the municipalities. Less used road segments are not as prioritised as those with heavy traffic. For the water and sewage systems, in-house technical capacity is needed as differences in water quality are not tolerated. Economies of scale mean that in-house capacity is translated into the creation of inter-municipal bodies. As different forms of capacities tend to reinforce each other, municipal capacity builds up over time in circular movements. These results add knowledge to current research by pointing to the ways municipalities are overcoming a run-to-failure mentality by building capacity to pay off the infrastructural maintenance debt.
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| 9. |
- Kim, Myung Ja, et al.
(författare)
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Behavioral Influences on Crowdfunding SDG Initiatives : The Importance of Personality and Subjective Well-Being
- 2021
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI. - 2071-1050. ; 13:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Crowdfunding is emerging as a significant means by which to finance and advance the 17 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Generating financial support for the SDGs is now of even more importance because of the economic impacts of COVID-19. However, little research on sustainability crowdfunding has been conducted, particularly with respect to how behavioral influences, such as personality and subjective well-being, affect the willingness of individuals to financially support the different SDGs. To fill this gap, a theoretically comprehensive research model including the big five personality traits typology, value on SDGs, attachment to sustainability crowdfunding, subjective well-being, and three groups of SDGs was constructed and tested. Results reveal that agreeableness has the highest effect on value on SDGs among five personalities, followed by openness and conscientiousness. Unexpectedly, extraversion has a negative impact on value on SDGs and neuroticism has an insignificant effect on value on SDGs. Value on SDGs has a great effect on attachment, followed by subjective well-being. Attachment has the greatest effect on subjective well-being within this research model. Comparing fair distribution, efficient allocation, and sustainable scale groups of SDGs shows substantial differences with respect to the hypotheses.
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| 10. |
- Palmås, Karl, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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The liability of politicalness : Legitimacy and legality in piracy-proximate entrepreneurship
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business. - : InderScience Publishers. - 1476-1297 .- 1741-8054. ; 22:4, s. 408-425
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article explores three entrepreneurial ventures that have evolved in proximity to online piracy. In reviewing the respective cases of Spotify, Skype, and The Pirate Bay, the argument outlines the radically divergent strategies with which the entrepreneurs have sought to legitimise their ventures and underlying technologies. The article concludes that: 1) the context of practices labelled ‘pirate’ are paradigmatic examples of fields in which entrepreneurs must work exceptionally hard to legitimise themselves; 2) in this context, it is crucial that the role of law is analytically isolated from the role of institutionalised legitimacy; 3) success in legitimisation is largely dependent upon the entrepreneur’s ability to demonstrate that the venture is governed by ‘the natural order’ of the economy. It is further argued that piracy-proximate ventures may contribute to the entrepreneurship field, inasmuch as they teeter on the border of being considered too disruptive, and thus suffer from a ‘liability of politicalness’.
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