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| 3. |
- Levin, Jörgen, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Growth, income distribution and poverty : a review
- 2004
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Ingår i: Attacking poverty. - Baden-Baden : Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft. - 3832906177 ; , s. 251-276, s. 251-276
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 4. |
- Bigsten, Arne, 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Clientelism and ethnic divisions in African countries
- 2017
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Ingår i: African Affairs. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0001-9909 .- 1468-2621. ; 116:465, s. 621-647
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article investigates the commonly assumed link between ethnic divisions and clientelism in African politics by examining the role of contextual ethnic divisions and specific ethnic affiliations in shaping attitudes towards clientelism. The empirical findings, drawing on quantitative data for 38,293 survey respondents across 25 African countries suggest important country heterogeneity, but also highlight some regularities. In particular, the ethnic composition of the population in the area of residence, rather than the individual's own ethnic affiliation, is important in shaping support for clientelism. Individuals living in a region where the majority of the population is the president's co-ethnics tend to be more supportive of clientelism, regardless of their own ethnic affiliation. The wide coverage of the results makes them especially interesting; while a number of studies suggest ethnically based targeted transfers in specific sectors or settings, this study explores the links between different forms of ethnic divisions and support for clientelism in a large multi-country African sample.
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| 5. |
- Ahlerup, Pelle, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Government Impartiality and Sustained Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa
- 2016
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Ingår i: World Development. - : Elsevier BV. - 0305-750X .- 1873-5991. ; 83:7, s. 54-69
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many studies suggest that one of the main reasons for Africa’s dismal growth performance over most of the 20th century is its degree of ethnic fragmentation. Yet, there is still insufficient knowledge about whether ethnic diversity necessarily entails large economic costs, or whether the implications of diversity depend, inter alia, on the government’s approach toward the ethnic question. We note that economic growth tends to increase average incomes, but it also affects the income distribution. Then, if growth is accompanied by growing economic inequality, the perception of the impartiality of the government toward different ethnic groups is likely to be important for whether growth can be sustained, or whether sparks of growth will evaporate because of rising political divisions and internal conflicts. In this paper, we study whether the degree of ethnic impartiality in the government’s policies is related to the emergence of sustained growth in sub-Saharan Africa, irrespective of the actual content of the policies. We measure perceptions about the impartiality of the government with survey data from the Afrobarometer covering 20 countries starting in the late 1990 s. Our main definition of sustained growth is when there is a GDP per capita growth rate of at least 2% for at least five consecutive years. Our empirical results suggest that countries whose governments are perceived as impartial are more likely to experience sustained growth. We conclude that in order to ensure economic development, it is not only important to choose the ‘‘right” policies, but also to implement these policies in a fair manner.
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| 6. |
- Ahlerup, Pelle, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Tax Innovations and Public Revenues in Africa
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Development Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0022-0388 .- 1743-9140. ; 51:6, s. 689-706
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study the effect of two tax innovations – value added taxes (VAT) and autonomous revenue authorities (ARA) – on tax revenues in sub-Saharan Africa. The dataset consists of 47 countries over 1980–2010. We find that VATs have no effect on total tax revenues, neither in the short- nor in the long-run. ARAs lead to higher tax revenues in the short- and medium-run, but the effect dissipates over time. The main conclusion is that tax innovations are not a panacea to overcome the revenue shortages in African countries, but they are helpful in the short- and medium-run.
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| 7. |
- Bigsten, Arne, 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Behåll budgetstödet, Carlsson
- 2012
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Ingår i: Svenska Dagbladet. - 1101-2412. ; :17 mars 2012
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 8. |
- Bigsten, Arne, 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Biståndet kan enkelt effektiviseras
- 2018
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Ingår i: Svenska Dagbladet.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Under 2018 beräknas Sverige ge 49 miljarder kronor i bistånd. Oftast betalas det ut i svenska kronor och därmed är värdet av finansieringen knutet till värdet av kronan. Då de flesta mottagare arbetar i andra valutor skapas en oförutsägbarhet kring resurserna i projekten, vilken påverkar effektiviteten och resultaten negativt.
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| 9. |
- Bigsten, Arne, 1947
(författare)
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Dimensions of African Inequality
- 2015
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Ingår i: The Oxford Handbook of Africa and Economics. Volume 1: Context and concepts, eds. Celestin Monga and Justin Yifu Lin. - Oxford : Oxford University Press. - 9780199687114 ; , s. 197-212
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The chapter discusses dimensions of inequality in Africa and their causes (the focus is on Sub-Saharan Africa, SSA). It starts with a review of the empirical evidence about inequality during the colonial period as well as the post-independence era. Then we focus on the forces that determine inequality change focusing on factor accumulation and structural change. Next we discuss the relationship between inequality and growth and the role of agriculture in the development process. Then we look at the relationship between ethnicity and social stratification and governance. Finally, we comment briefly on the influence of external influences on inequality and consider what policy interventions can do to reduce inequality
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| 10. |
- Bigsten, Arne, 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Efficiency, Technical Progress, and Best Practice in Chinese State Enterprises (1980-1994)
- 2000
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In spite of rapid economic growth and swift structural change during the last two decades, China's industrial reform is far from complete, especially with regard to state enterprises (SOEs). Although troubled with huge financial losses, heavy debt, and substantial over-staffing, SOEs will continue to play a crucial part in the government policy to maintain social stability and economic growth in China. This study, based on samples of about 700 state enterprises during 1980-94, investigates productivity performance of the SOEs using Data Envelopment Analysis and Malmquist Index. Our empirical results show that average technical efficiency had been low among the sample SOEs. Considerable productivity growth was found, but it was mainly accomplished through technical progress rather than efficiency improvement. Regression analyses indicate that wage incentives and education had positive impacts on productivity growth, while large scale was an important determinant of whether an SOE was applying best practice technology. It is also shown that large SOEs were more likely to generate technical progress. These findings are consistent with the industrial structural adjustment program initiated by the government in 1994, which has focused on improving productive efficiency via redundancies and technology upgrading, and on building its best SOEs into conglomerates
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